托福聽力雖然不僅題型眾多，而且不同的題型都有各自的針對性解題思路技巧，今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃ΤＲ婎}型解題思路講解，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福聽力常見題型解題思路講解：主旨題和細節(jié)題
主旨題
主旨題是以錄音材料的主旨大意作為考查內(nèi)容的一種題型。主旨題的考查頻率非常高，幾乎每篇托福聽力的錄音材料都會考一道主旨題，有的錄音材料甚至?xí)純傻?。主旨題常見的提問方式有以下幾種：
What is the main idea of this lecture?
What are the two speakers talking about?
Why does the student go to see his professor?
主旨題雖然考查頻率高，但是相對來說解題難度并不大。大多數(shù)托福聽力錄音材料的主題都會出現(xiàn)在開頭的1-2分鐘內(nèi)，有時主題的關(guān)鍵詞或是關(guān)鍵詞組在錄音中還會被反復(fù)提及?？忌灰プ′浺糸_頭的內(nèi)容，就能夠解決大多數(shù)的托福聽力主旨題。除此之外，解答某些主旨題必須將錄音材料各段的主題加以歸納，才能夠得出全文的主旨。只要考生聽懂了每段話的開頭幾句，這些題目一般解題難度也不會很大。
細節(jié)題
細節(jié)題，顧名思義，就是考查錄音材料中細節(jié)信息的題型。這是在托福聽力所有題型中考查頻率最高的一種題型，每篇錄音材料平均都會考查3-4道題。這種題目考查的具體內(nèi)容非?，嵥椋瑫r間、數(shù)字、回答的內(nèi)容、列舉的內(nèi)容都能成為細節(jié)題的考查對象。要想做好細節(jié)題，考生需要對說話人提到的時間、地點、物品名稱等多加留意。細節(jié)題常見的提問方式有以下幾種：
When will the woman go to the lab?
What does the word “anthropologist" mean? According to the passage, what is the most significant event in 2.000 B.C.?
Why does the critic dislike the ancient style of sculpture?
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：大容量酒杯誘使人喝更多酒
Ever order a drink, and feel stiffed on the pour? Well, before you bother the bartender, take a closer look at the size of your glass. "So people will generally perceive there to be less in larger containers, than in smaller ones." Theresa Marteau, a behavioral scientist at the University of Cambridge, in England.
She and her colleagues had analyzed how larger portions — and larger plates — lure us into eating more food. And they wondered: could the same be true for alcohol?
So the researchers convinced the staff at a local bar to run an experiment: every two weeks, for four months, they'd rotate the bar's wine glasses from the standard 300 milliliter size, to either slightly larger — 370 milliliters, or slightly smaller — 250 milliliters. And see how the size of the glass affected patrons' drinking habits, even though the pour, the volume of alcoholic beverage, was unchanged.
Turns out, serving wine in smaller glasses had no measurable effect. But the large glasses boosted wine sales 10 percent — even after controlling for day of the week, temperature, holidays and so on. The reason? "When the wine, the same volume, is being served in a larger glass, then people are probably perceiving they've got less in there." Which, she says, means they might drink more, assuming they haven't hit their nightly limit. Or, they might just feel less satisfied with the pour, and buy another round. The study appears in the journal BMC Public Health.
Aside from altering her own habits — "I do use smaller glasses, yes"—Marteau says that, if subsequent studies confirm this effect, public health officials might consider mandating a certain average glass size. "Specifying the size, the maximum size in which wine can be sold could be a measure that's introduced to reduce the overconsumption of alcohol that seems to be cued by the glass size." Until that happens, the bar in the study now always serves its wine in the larger glasses.
在點的酒上來以后，你在倒酒時有沒有覺得很不方便?在麻煩服務(wù)員以前，請你仔細觀察一下酒杯的大小?！耙话銇碚f，人們認為大容器里面的酒比小容器里的少?！庇鴦虼髮W(xué)行為科學(xué)家特麗薩·馬爾托說。
她和同事就大份量和大盤子如何誘使我們吃更多食物進行了分析。他們想知道：這對酒類是否同樣適用?
研究人員說服當(dāng)?shù)匾患揖瓢傻墓ぷ魅藛T進行了一項實驗：在四個月的時間里，每隔兩周輪流將酒吧里酒杯300毫升的標準容量調(diào)至370毫升的大容量和250毫升的小容量。然后觀察酒杯的容量如何影響顧客的飲酒習(xí)慣，在這一過程中，酒精飲料的傾倒和分量保持不變。
結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，用小容量酒杯供應(yīng)酒沒有產(chǎn)生明顯的影響。但是使用大容量酒杯使酒的銷售量上漲了10%，這是在控制供應(yīng)天數(shù)，計算溫度和假日等影響后得出的結(jié)果。原因是什么?“同樣分量的酒以大容量酒杯供應(yīng)時，人們可能會認為酒杯里的酒少了?！彼f，這表明顧客在還能喝的情況下，可能會喝更多的酒?；蛘?，他們可能會在倒酒時感到不太滿意，然后會再買一杯。這一研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《英國醫(yī)學(xué)委員會公共健康》期刊上。
除了改變自己的習(xí)慣以外，馬爾托表示她本人用小容量酒杯飲酒，她說，如果后續(xù)研究能確認這一影響，那公共建康官員可能會考慮對酒杯的平均容量進行規(guī)定?！皩Ω黝惥圃诔鍪蹠r可以供應(yīng)的酒杯容量進行規(guī)定，明確最大容量，這一措施可以減少因酒杯容量而引發(fā)的酒精過度消費情況?！痹谝?guī)定出臺前，進行實驗的酒吧仍在用大容量酒杯供應(yīng)酒。
重點講解：
1. convince sb. to do sth. 說服;
例句：I am seeking to convince Karen to go out with me.
我正試著勸說凱倫和我一起出去。
2. even though 即使;
例句：Even though he's old he's game for anything.
盡管他年歲已大,但他對什么都敢作敢為。
3. and so on 如此等等;
例句：These cars vary in size, price, colour and so on.
這些汽車在大小、價格、顏色等方面各不相同。
4. aside from 除了…外;
例句：Aside from canceling a few dates, I kept working.
除了取消了幾個約會外，我一直在工作。
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：研究或揭示狗的祖先是歐亞大陸的狼
In Jack London's The Call of the Wild, a pet dog named Buck winds up in the Yukon…where he succumbs to his desire to return to his wild cousins…the wolves.
"It's hard to say no to that call, isn't it Buck? It's all right boy.
Go ahead."
Of course, Buck himself was the descendant of wolves.
Wolves that lived more than 10,000 years ago.
"At this time people would have been hunting and gathering."
Laurent Frantz, a geneticist at the University of Oxford in the U.K.
Humans roamed across Eurasia.
They would eat, and throw scraps around their settlement.
Which attracts wildlife. Wildlife like wolves.
Over time a split would have appeared in wolf populations, he says:
those wolves that feared humans, and those that didn't.
"So this would have facilitated, I think, the domestication process."
At which point humans deliberately took wolves as pets.
But that domestication process, Frantz says, may have happened more than once: first in the west, in Europe.
And again in the far east, in Asia.
Frantz and his colleagues analyzed the DNA from a 4,800-year-old Irish dog's ear bone, along with the genomes of hundreds of other modern and ancient dogs.
After building a family tree, they determined that dogs could have been first domesticated in Europe, at least 15,000 years ago.
But the data also point to another domestication in East Asia, more than 13,000 years ago.
Sometime after that, they say, humans from East Asia wandered to Europe… and brought their dogs with them.
Leading to a mixing of the two populations.
The study appears in the journal Science.
Frantz says most purebred dog breeds trace their origins to the 1800s.
But as this study reminds us—if you go back far enough, all dogs are mutts.
杰克·倫敦的小說《野性的呼喚》中，一只名為巴克的狗狗最終從人類文明社會返回狼群。
那樣的呼喚很難拒絕，對吧，巴克!好了伙計。
走吧!
當(dāng)然，巴克是狼的后代。
馴化過程.jpg
狼在10,000多年前就開始生活。
“那時候的人們一直過著群居及打獵的生活?！?/p>
洛倫特·弗朗茨是英國牛津大學(xué)的一位遺傳學(xué)家。
人類橫跨了歐亞大陸。
他們曾經(jīng)在進食后將吃剩下的東西扔在定居點周圍。
這就招來了野生動物，狼就包括在內(nèi)。
而他表示隨著時間的推移狼群會產(chǎn)生兩派。
“那就是害怕人類的狼群及毫無懼意的狼群。
我認為這就促成了狼的馴化過程。
人類曾故意將狼當(dāng)作寵物。
弗朗茨表示這種馴化過程曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過不只一次，第一次是在西方的歐洲;
其次是在遙遠的東方亞洲。
弗朗茨和他的同事們對4800年前愛爾蘭狗的耳骨及數(shù)千只現(xiàn)代及古代狗的基因組進行了對比分析。
在建立家譜后，他們認為至少在15,000年前，狗就第一次在歐洲被人類馴服。
但數(shù)據(jù)也顯示在13,000多年前，東亞也曾經(jīng)有過馴服動物的行為。
而后的時間，研究人員認為東亞人帶著馴服過的狗前往歐洲。
這導(dǎo)致兩個種群的混合。
這項研究已在《科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表。
弗朗茨表示最純種狗的起源能夠追溯到18世紀。
但這項研究提醒我們，如果你追溯的足夠久遠，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的狗都不是純種。
1.wind up 收尾;煞尾
例句:The President is about to wind up his visit to Somalia.
總統(tǒng)即將結(jié)束對索馬里的訪問。
2.domestication process 馴化過程
例句:In their studies, the researchers also found that farmers have tried to develop ricevarieties expressing the GIF1 gene during the domestication process.
在研究過程中，科研人員也發(fā)現(xiàn)了在水稻馴化過程中，農(nóng)民選擇培育了GIF1高表達的水稻變種。
3.along with 隨著
例句:I'll go along with you.
我將隨同你一起去。
4.family tree 族譜;系譜
例句:A family tree shows our family members and relatives.
家譜表明我們的家庭成員和親戚。
