托福聽力考場(chǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享 ,4個(gè)高分注意事項(xiàng)劃重點(diǎn)。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃紙?chǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福聽力考場(chǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享 4個(gè)高分注意事項(xiàng)劃重點(diǎn)
注意事項(xiàng)1：要注意試聽和試音
有過參加托福考試的考生都知道，在托福聽力考試前會(huì)有一個(gè)試聽和試音的步驟，但是大部分的考生都將這個(gè)步驟給忽略了或者說不夠重視，而只是簡(jiǎn)單的履行程序，這種做法是大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)的。
要知道，硬件設(shè)備的性能是可以直接影響到考生的發(fā)揮的。如果一個(gè)考生以往托福聽力都能考到24分，那么由于最近一次在試聽的時(shí)候沒有太在意，可能在進(jìn)行聽力考試的時(shí)候設(shè)備出現(xiàn)了問題，一會(huì)聽得見，一會(huì)聽不見，雖然后來考場(chǎng)采取了措施，但是最后的結(jié)果聽力只得到了19分。這就說明，在試聽和試音的時(shí)候，每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都是很重要的，所以大家一定要注意這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。
注意事項(xiàng)2：機(jī)考過程中的外來干擾
大家都知道托?？紙?chǎng)有些亂，并不是同一時(shí)間開考的，一般都是先到的考生先考，所以每個(gè)考生的考試進(jìn)度都是不一樣的。所以，當(dāng)你想要安心的做聽力的時(shí)候，往往還可以看到穿梭在教室中往來的身影，這時(shí)你或者就聽到了他們不大不小剛好踩在你心頭的腳步聲，還有一些地板的輕微震動(dòng)聲，更厲害的是口語(yǔ)們的高亢、洪亮的音頻，正宗、純粹、地首的中國(guó)英語(yǔ)在你耳邊響起。這些都是讓你在考托福聽力考試時(shí)不能集中注意力的因素。
其實(shí)面對(duì)這種情況，并沒有太好的解決方法，考生只能盡可能的集中注意力，盡量減少這些因素對(duì)自己的干擾。在考場(chǎng)上，考生可以把耳機(jī)的音量調(diào)大，壓制住外來的聲音;或者是把視野縮小到筆尖、屏幕上來集中注意力;又或者是攝斂心神，讓自己的思想單純起來，只思考聽到的東西。所以考生在平時(shí)的練習(xí)過程中，對(duì)于這些外來的干擾也要進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的練習(xí)，這樣在考試中才能夠從容應(yīng)對(duì)。
注意事項(xiàng)3：耐力和毅力的堅(jiān)持
要知道，托?？荚嚦丝疾炜忌挠⒄Z(yǔ)能力之外，同時(shí)也是考驗(yàn)考生耐力。大家都知道，托福考試整個(gè)考試時(shí)間有3個(gè)多小時(shí)，這對(duì)于中國(guó)考生來說就是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，而單單是聽力部分就需要的時(shí)間是41-57分鐘。并且在這個(gè)過程中，考生的注意力要高度的集中，否則一不留神就會(huì)錯(cuò)過一些重要的信息點(diǎn)。許多考生就是因?yàn)闊o法適應(yīng)這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的時(shí)間煎熬，在聽力的前半段還好，還能靜下心來聽，但是到了后半段就會(huì)產(chǎn)生煩躁，而且有可能會(huì)厭煩這種考試，主觀上對(duì)考試進(jìn)行了排斥，所以后面的內(nèi)容聽的就是云里霧里了，沒有辦法集中精力了，所以錯(cuò)誤頻出。
對(duì)于這個(gè)問題，需要提醒各位考生的就是絕對(duì)不能意氣用事。有問題要解決，這絕不是讓你表達(dá)你對(duì)這種考試模式的喜好和厭惡的。即使你發(fā)覺自己有些煩躁，也要盡量平靜自己的情緒，不能任其繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大。在考試中，考生要將這個(gè)看作是一次挑戰(zhàn)，看看自己能不能戰(zhàn)勝自己。只有堅(jiān)持，只有堅(jiān)持才能取得最后的勝利。
注意事項(xiàng)4：聽力加試和機(jī)經(jīng)
在托福聽力考試中，考生經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到加試的情況。從網(wǎng)上得知托福聽力加試是不算分的，但是這也不是金科玉律。我們要知道托福聽力考試之所加試是因?yàn)槭裁?，如果你?duì)加試題視而不見，那么你前面的聽力做的再好，你也不可能獲得聽力高分的，所以說加試是必須要做的。
還有的考生在備考時(shí)在網(wǎng)上找了很多的預(yù)測(cè)，備考的時(shí)候就拼命的背預(yù)測(cè)，然后在考試中遇到預(yù)測(cè)中的題目就不會(huì)認(rèn)真的做題了，所以最終的聽力成績(jī)還是和以往差不多。要知道，預(yù)測(cè)只能做為參考和復(fù)習(xí)資料，如果你完全依賴它，那么你就會(huì)在這上面聽大虧。
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：廢安非他命改變水下生態(tài)系統(tǒng)
Last week, tens of thousands of gallons of sewage gushed into urban streams in Baltimore, because of leaky pipes and flooding rains. And when that happens, it's not just organic matter and microbes that get flushed into aquatic habitats. It's drug residues, too: caffeine, antihistamines, headache drugs... even amphetamines and heroin.
Researchers actually detected all those drugs a few years ago, in a survey of urban and suburban streams in Baltimore. And they wanted to see what effect illegal drugs, like amphetamines, might have on aquatic ecosystems. So they built artificial streams in the lab, stocked with insects and real creek rocks—slippery ones with biofilms of algae and bacteria growing on them. Then they doped half the streams with amphetamine residues—similar to the concentrations found in real urban streams.
After three weeks, the mix of microbial life in the amphetamine-laced streams changed significantly, compared to the untainted waters. And insects like midges emerged earlier than usual—suggesting that drug residues might be able to alter food webs underwater, and on land, too. The results appear in the journal Environmental Science and Technology.
Previous studies have shown that even treated sewage has lots of drug residues in it—because most wastewater treatment plants weren't built to filter out pharmaceuticals. One solution, the researchers say, is more up-to-date wastewater infrastructure. Think of it as preventive medicine…for the nation's aquatic life.
上周，管道泄漏和暴雨導(dǎo)致數(shù)萬加侖污水流入巴爾的摩的城市河流中。流入水生棲息地的不僅有有機(jī)物質(zhì)和微生物，同時(shí)還有殘留的藥物：咖啡因、抗組胺劑、頭痛藥……甚至還有安非他命和海洛因。
實(shí)際上，研究人員在幾年前對(duì)巴爾的摩的城市河流和郊區(qū)河流進(jìn)行調(diào)查時(shí)，就發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些藥物。他們想了解安非他命等非法藥物對(duì)水生系統(tǒng)有什么影響。所以，他們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)室里建了一個(gè)人工河流，河流里面有昆蟲和真的溪巖，就是那些上面長(zhǎng)有藻類和細(xì)菌的光滑巖石。然后他們?cè)谝话氲娜斯ず恿髦型斗帕税卜撬鼩埩粑铮錆舛扰c真正的城市河流中的濃度相似。
三個(gè)星期以后，與未受污染的河流相比，加有安非他命河流中的微生物發(fā)生了重大的變化。搖蚊等小昆蟲出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間縮短，這表明藥物殘留物可能會(huì)改變水下的食物網(wǎng)，也可以改變陸地上的食物網(wǎng)。該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)》期刊上。
此前的研究表明，經(jīng)過處理的污水仍然含有大量的藥物殘留，這是因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)污水處理廠并并沒有過濾藥物。研究人員表示，其中一種解決方案是更新污水處理設(shè)備。就把這看作水生生物的預(yù)防藥吧。
重點(diǎn)講解：
1. because of 因?yàn)?由于;
例句：He had given up his job because of failing health.
由于體質(zhì)衰弱他放棄了工作。
2. be similar to 相像的;相仿的;類似的;
例句：My opinions are similar to hers.
我的看法跟她的相似。
3. compared to 與…相比;和…比起來;
例句：This problem was insignificant compared to others she faced.
這一問題與她面臨的其他問題比較起來算不得什么。
4. filter out 濾除;濾掉;
例句：Children should have glasses which filter out UV rays.
兒童應(yīng)該戴上濾除紫外線的眼鏡。
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：古墨西哥城市人熱衷養(yǎng)兔子
This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.
As humans developed civilizations in Eurasia and Northern Africa, they also domesticated animals for food and labor: horses, cows, goats, pigs, sheep and a few others. But no evidence existed for the deliberate cultivation and breeding of animals in North or Central America—until now.
"So at this ancient city of Teotihuacan in particular, which is really one of the earliest urban cities in North America..."
Andrew Somerville of the University of California San Diego, talking about the metropolis that once existed some 30 miles northeast of present-day Mexico City.
"...previous excavations have found a lot of rabbits. But at one compound in particular they found more evidence that they were interacting with rabbits more intensively. There was a statue of a rabbit. There was evidence that maybe they were butchering them. And this compound, which is called Oztoyahualco, actually had almost twice as many rabbit bones relative to the other complexes at the city. So it did seem like something was different with this particular compound."
Somerville and colleagues tested 134 rabbit bones at the 2,000-year-old site, as well as 13 contemporary samples. If the ancient rabbits fed on wild vegetation, the carbon isotopes in the bones would show evidence of what's known as the C3 photosynthetic pathway. But the domesticated crops of that time, such as corn and cactus fruit, employ what's called the C4 pathway—which leaves a different carbon isotope ratio in the bones.
"Fortunately we were able to actually show that rabbits from this compound did actually have higher carbon values, significantly higher carbon values. Which means that they did have significantly different diets from other rabbits within the city, and also significantly different diets than wild rabbits from around the region. Which is pretty strong evidence we say to show that they were actually being provisioned by humans, fed by humans, managed by humans."
The research is in the journal PLoS ONE.
It's true that the carbon evidence could also be the result of the rabbits being trapped in corn fields, where they were scavenging. But the presence of the dedicated pen and the statue of a rabbit led the scientists to conclude that the animals were in fact being raised—which changes our understanding of New World cities.
"That is one of these assumptions about the new world—that they just didn't have as intensive relationships with animals. That husbandry, especially with mammals, wasn't as important of a factor in their organization and supporting these big cities. So what we're showing is that maybe they were just as intensive in some respects as these old world cities but they're just less archaeologically visible. A rabbit leaves a much smaller footprint than a cow or a horse does."
人類在歐亞大陸和北非大陸繁衍了文明，同時(shí)也馴養(yǎng)了可以作為食物和勞動(dòng)工具的動(dòng)物，如馬、牛、山羊、豬、綿羊等。但是直到現(xiàn)在仍沒有證據(jù)表明人類在美洲北部和中部刻意培養(yǎng)和繁殖動(dòng)物。
“所以，特別是古城特奧蒂瓦坎，這是北美最早的城市之一……”
加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校的安德魯·索默維爾認(rèn)為大都市曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在的墨西哥城東北約30英里的地方。
“此前的挖掘工作發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的兔子。特別是在其中一個(gè)建筑群，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類和兔子互動(dòng)頻繁的更多證據(jù)。那里有一個(gè)兔子的雕像。有證明表明那里的人曾屠殺兔子。這個(gè)地方名為歐茲托雅胡科，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)這里兔子骨頭的數(shù)量是該市其他建筑群的兩倍。所以這個(gè)建筑群確實(shí)與眾不同。”
索默維爾和同事對(duì)這個(gè)已有2000年歷史的地方出土的134塊兔子骨頭和13塊現(xiàn)代兔子骨頭樣本進(jìn)行了檢測(cè)。如果古代兔子食用的是野生植被，那它們骨頭中的碳元素將會(huì)顯示出C3 光合途徑。而玉米和仙人果等當(dāng)時(shí)家養(yǎng)的作物，采用的是C4 光合途徑，這就會(huì)在兔子骨頭中留下不同的碳同位素比率。
“幸運(yùn)的是，我們已經(jīng)可以證實(shí)在這個(gè)建筑群發(fā)現(xiàn)的兔子確實(shí)含有更高的碳值，而且是顯著升高的碳值。這表明它們與城市其它地區(qū)的兔子吃的東西明顯不同，而且和這個(gè)地區(qū)周圍的野生兔子吃的食物也完全不同。我們可以說這是非常強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)，可以證明這些兔子是由人類喂養(yǎng)、飼養(yǎng)和管理的?！?/p>
該研究結(jié)果已發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書館·綜合》期刊上。
不過，碳元素也有可能是因?yàn)橥米颖焕г谟衩椎乩?，在那里覓食的結(jié)果。但是，專用圍欄和兔子雕像使科學(xué)家們斷定，這些動(dòng)物實(shí)際上是由人類飼養(yǎng)的，這改變了我們對(duì)新大陸上的城市的理解。
“這是關(guān)于新大陸的其中一個(gè)假設(shè)——他們與動(dòng)物的關(guān)系沒有那么密切。畜牧業(yè)，尤其是和哺乳動(dòng)物的聯(lián)系，并不是當(dāng)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)中的重要因素，也不是支撐這些大型城市的重要因素。所以我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能只是他們?cè)谀承┓矫嫱@些古老世界城市的緊密聯(lián)系，但是在考古學(xué)上的證據(jù)卻不是那么明顯。畢竟一只兔子比一頭奶?；蛞黄ヱR留下的足跡要小得多。”
重點(diǎn)講解：
1. in particular 尤其;特別;
例句：He studies in particular the fishes of the Indian Ocean.
他專門研究印度洋的魚類。
2. as well as 除…之外;也;還;
例句：He can shoot as well as riding horse.
他不但能騎馬,而且能射擊。
3. be known as 認(rèn)為…是;把…看作是;
例句：The policeman was known as a drug buster.
這位警察被稱作毒販克星。
4. in fact (用于修正、引出相反意見或?qū)Ρ鹊?事實(shí)上，其實(shí);
例句：In fact we were innocent of the crime.
事實(shí)上，我們是無辜的。
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：解讀猶太圣經(jīng)
This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.
In the 1970s, researchers unearthing an ancient synagogue at Ein Gedi, near the Dead Sea, discovered the structure's Holy Ark—the container in which early Jews would have stored the Bible as they prayed. The site was home to a large Jewish community from about 800 BCE until a huge fire there in about 600 CE. That fire blackened and burned the scrolls in the ark. They crumbled if touched. So the Israeli scientists locked them away. Until now.
Penina Shor at the Israel Antiques Authority reached out to computer scientist Brent Seales at the University of Kentucky to see if he and his colleagues could use new technologies to peer inside a scroll without unrolling it. They call the technique virtual unwrapping.
Brent Seales explains: "First we have to find the layers within the scanned volume. Finding evidence of those layers is called segmentation. So there's a process for that. Once we find those layers we create a texture on those layers that comes from the scanned volume itself and that's where the ink evidence gets situated onto the layered surface. And then the final step is this unwrapping where we flatten out that surface, which is not actually flat, it's three dimensional. So that we can merge the pieces together and see the completely unwrapped scroll."
They applied this technique to the Ein Gedi scroll.
"So the first time we saw the text was in the lab and of course I don't speak or read Hebrew but we knew that it was writing because of the systematic way the markings were lined up, our early versions were not as clear as what we were able ultimately to produce. But of course we were elated because we knew that we had a scroll in which we would see the writing."
"But I think the real joy came when Penina sent me back the result of having read our first results because then I knew that not only were we seen writing but it was readable because she and her team were able to identify it as a known text and at that point were absolutely jubilant I have to say."
The Israeli scholars could clearly read the Hebrew. And they realized they were reading the book of Leviticus, one of the five books of Moses, the first five books of the Old Testament. It's the earliest Biblical book found inside an Ark, and the earliest surviving book outside of the Dead Sea Scrolls. The finding is in the journal Science Advances.
The researchers are thrilled not only with the discovery of the scroll's writing, but with the potential to use this application to peer inside other scrolled texts.
"I believe there are more discoveries to come. Damage and decay is the natural order of things. But you can see this sometimes, you can absolutely pull a text back from the brink of loss."
在20世紀(jì)70年代，研究人員在死海附近的恩戈地發(fā)掘出一個(gè)古老的猶太集會(huì)教堂，并因此發(fā)現(xiàn)了猶太教藏經(jīng)柜的構(gòu)造，這是早期猶太人用來存放祈禱用圣經(jīng)的容器。這里在公元前800年到公元600年是一個(gè)大型猶太人聚集區(qū)，但公元600年發(fā)生的一場(chǎng)大火毀了這里。那場(chǎng)大火燒黑燒灼了藏經(jīng)柜里的羊皮卷書。這些卷書一碰即毀。所以以色列科學(xué)家們只好把它們鎖了起來，直道最近才重見天日。
以色列文物管理局的佩尼納·肖爾和肯塔基大學(xué)的計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家布倫特·希爾斯想知道，如果他們不將羊皮卷重新打開，是否可以利用現(xiàn)在新的技術(shù)來查看里面的內(nèi)容。他們稱這項(xiàng)技術(shù)為虛擬開封。
布倫特·希爾斯解釋說：“首先，我們必須要找到掃描文卷中的層次。尋找這些層的證據(jù)被稱為分割。有一個(gè)工序。一旦我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那些羊皮卷的層次，我們就會(huì)在掃描羊皮卷的那些層上弄出一些紋理，而墨漬位于羊皮卷的表層。最后一步就是打開我們平展過的表面，那里實(shí)際上已經(jīng)不是平面，而是三維立體的。所以我們才能把這些羊皮卷拼在一起，從而看到完全展開的卷宗?！?/p>
他們把這項(xiàng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用到在恩戈地發(fā)現(xiàn)的羊皮卷上。
“所以，我們第一次看到這些文本是在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，雖然我不會(huì)說也不會(huì)讀希伯來語(yǔ)，但是我們知道這上面寫的是希伯來文字，因?yàn)檫@些符號(hào)排列的方式是有規(guī)則的，早期的版本不夠清晰，不足以讓我們解讀出來。可是我們知道我們已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)可以看到文字的羊皮卷，所以我們非常興奮?！?/p>
“但是，當(dāng)佩尼納告訴我他們已經(jīng)他們閱讀了我們第一次拼出來的卷宗時(shí)，那是我真正高興的時(shí)候，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)我知道不僅我們獲得了上面的文字記錄，而且她和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)能識(shí)別出這是一種可讀的文本，所以那時(shí)，我們完全高興到了極點(diǎn)。”
以色列的學(xué)者可以很清晰地閱讀希伯來語(yǔ)。他們意識(shí)到自己正在閱讀的是圣經(jīng)舊約中的《利末記》， 這是摩西的5本著作之一，而這5本書是舊約的前五卷。這是最早的圣經(jīng)著作，也是死海羊皮卷以外最早幸存下來的著作。該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜志上。
令研究人員激動(dòng)的是，他們不僅發(fā)現(xiàn)了羊皮卷上的文字，而且還可以利用這種技術(shù)來觀察其它卷宗中的文本。
“我相信還將會(huì)有更多的發(fā)現(xiàn)。事物的耗損和衰敗是自然規(guī)律。但是有時(shí)候，你完全可以將一個(gè)文本從消失的邊緣挽救回來。”
重點(diǎn)講解：
1. lock away 把…鎖起妥藏;
例句：The boy carefully locked away his toys.
那男孩把玩具小心地鎖藏起來。
2. piece together 拼合;湊集;
例句：We managed to piece together the truth from several sketchy accounts.
我們從幾方面粗略的說法中設(shè)法弄清了真相。
3. apply to 適用;適合;
例句：The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology.
這項(xiàng)研究成果能應(yīng)用于新的技術(shù)開發(fā)方面。
4. line up (使)(某一批人)排成行;(使)列隊(duì);
例句：The troops lined up in parade formation.
部隊(duì)排成閱兵隊(duì)形。
