Lesson 11 How to grow old如何安度晚年

First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What, according to the author, is the best way to overcome the fear of death as you get older?

Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it -- so at least it seems to me -- is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river -- small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.
參考譯文
有些老年人因為怕死而感到煩惱。青年人有這種感覺是情有可原的。有理由害怕自己會死在戰(zhàn)場上的年輕人，想到自己被剝奪了生活所能給予的最美好的東西時，感 到痛苦，這是可以理解的。可是老年人已經(jīng)飽嘗了人間的甘苦，一切能做的都做了，如果怕死，就有點兒可憐又可鄙。克服怕死的最好辦法 -- 至少在我看來是這樣 -- 就是逐漸使自己的興趣更加廣泛，逐漸擺脫個人狹小的圈子，直到自我的圍墻一點一點地倒塌下來，自己的生活慢慢地和整個宇宙的生活融合在一起。個人的存在應 該像一條河流，開始很小，被緊緊地夾在兩岸中間，接著熱情奔放地沖過巨石，飛下瀑布。然后河面漸漸地變寬，兩岸后撤，河水流得平緩起來，最后連綿不斷地匯 入大海，毫無痛苦地失去了自我的存在。上了年紀的人這樣看待生命，就不會有懼怕死亡的心情了，因為自己關心的一切事件都會繼續(xù)下去。 再者，隨著精力的衰退，老年人的疲憊會增長，有長眠的愿望未嘗不是一件好事情，我希望工作到死為止，明白了有人會繼續(xù)我的未竟事業(yè)，想到能做的事都做了， 也就坦然了。

New words and expressions 生詞和短語
oppress
v. 憂郁，壓抑

justification
n. 正當理由

justifiably
adv. 無可非議地

cheat
v. 欺騙

abject
adj. 可憐的

ignoble
adj. 不體面的，可恥的

impersonal
adj. 超脫個人感情影響的

ego
n. 自我

receded
v. 退去

increasing
adv. 日益，不斷

passionately
adv. 激昂地

painlessly
adv. 毫無痛苦地

vitality
n. 精力

weariness
n. 疲憊感

Notes on the text課文注釋
1 in the young, 在年輕人身上。
2 Young men who have reason... that life has to offer.這個句子較長，其中有3個that。第1個that引導一個賓語從句that...battle,是fear的賓語。第2個that引導一個同位語從與that they...to offer,說明thought的內容。第3個that引導一個定語從句that life has to offer,修飾things。
3 cheat of ...,從...那里騙取...。
4 whatever work it was in him to do，他所能做的任何工作。
5 so at least it seems to me,這里一個插入語，用了倒裝語序，自然的語序是at least it seems so to me。
6 bit by bit,一點一點地。
7 the thought of rest 是 death 的一種委婉說法。

Lesson 11 課后練習和答案Exercises and Answer