你了解英語(yǔ)翻譯嗎?英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)習(xí)慣有很多差異之處，翻譯時(shí)往往能死扣原文逐詞逐句譯出。下面小編就和大家分享翻譯技巧：英語(yǔ)形容詞翻譯的小竅門(mén)，希望能夠幫助到大家，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
翻譯技巧：英語(yǔ)形容詞翻譯的小竅門(mén)
一、一些原義并無(wú)否定意思的形容詞和別的詞搭配，有時(shí)可譯成否定句。
1. These goods are in short supply.
這些貨物供應(yīng)不足。
2. This equation is far from being complicated.
這個(gè)方程一定也不復(fù)雜。
二、為了使譯文自然流暢，讀起來(lái)順口，在一些形容詞前可根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容加上副詞“很”、“最”等字。
1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.
這是我度過(guò)最愉快的一天。
2. It is easy to compress a gas.
氣體很容易壓縮。
三、有時(shí)可將英語(yǔ)的“形容詞+名詞短語(yǔ)”譯成漢語(yǔ)的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)1到100的英語(yǔ)單詞。
1. She spoke in a high voice.
她講話聲音很尖。
2. This engine develops a high torque.
這臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)矩很大。
四、如果一個(gè)名詞前有幾個(gè)形容詞修飾，英譯時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣決定其順序。
1. a large brick conference hall
一個(gè)用磚砌的大會(huì)議廳
2. a plastic garden chair
一把在花園里用的塑料椅子
五、英語(yǔ)中一些表示知覺(jué)、情感、欲望等心理狀態(tài)的形容詞，同連系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，翻譯時(shí)可將形容詞譯成動(dòng)詞。
1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。
2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.
類似的批評(píng)在他后來(lái)寫(xiě)的評(píng)論美國(guó)的文章中屢見(jiàn)不鮮。
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever.
他誠(chéng)懇地懺悔過(guò)去，并保證永遠(yuǎn)不再玩汽車。
六、由于語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣不同，英語(yǔ)里的形容詞有時(shí)譯成漢語(yǔ)副詞。
1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body.
我要對(duì)每一個(gè)人都親切、溫柔、甜蜜。
2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family.
他詳盡地問(wèn)起我自己和我家里的情況。
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country.
再來(lái)一次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)將徹底毀滅我們這個(gè)國(guó)家
2020上半年翻譯資格考試一級(jí)筆譯考試精選習(xí)題
How to Deal with a Changing Workplace: Worry Less, Prepare More
工作環(huán)境變化應(yīng)如何應(yīng)對(duì)?少擔(dān)憂，多準(zhǔn)備
“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself,” President Franklin Roosevelt told the country in 1933. His message came amid the epic unemployment of the Great Depression, but the same fear over jobs is very much alive today.
美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)富蘭克林·羅斯福在1933年曾向國(guó)家宣布：“我們唯一值得恐懼的是恐懼本身。”他是在美國(guó)大蕭條期間失業(yè)潮肆虐時(shí)發(fā)表的這番講話。然而，人們?nèi)缃裼窒萑肓送瑯拥氖I(yè)恐懼當(dāng)中。
More than 75% of U.S. households are anxious about job loss related to automation, artificial intelligence, and globalization, according to former U.S. Secretary of Commerce, Penny Pritzker. Speaking at Fortune’s Brainstorm Tech conference in Aspen, Colo., on last Monday, Pritzker said this fear is unhealthy and that the country has to do more to prepare Americans for a changing workplace.
美國(guó)商務(wù)部前任部長(zhǎng)佩妮·普利茨克稱，超過(guò)75%的美國(guó)家庭對(duì)自動(dòng)化、人工智能和全球化引發(fā)的工作崗位消失感到擔(dān)憂。普利茨克上周一在科羅拉多州阿斯彭市舉辦的《財(cái)富》科技頭腦風(fēng)暴大會(huì)上講話時(shí)指出，這種恐懼是不健康的，而且美國(guó)應(yīng)開(kāi)展更多的工作，幫助美國(guó)人應(yīng)對(duì)工作環(huán)境的變化。
“In the U.S., there’s a friction between education and being ready for work. We need to make it easier for people to get skills,” said Pritzker, who led a task force by the Council on Foreign Relations that recently issued a major report on the issue.
普利茨克說(shuō)：“在美國(guó)，教育和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)之間存在摩擦。我們應(yīng)提供更多的便利，幫助人們獲取相關(guān)技能。”外交關(guān)系委員會(huì)的一個(gè)工作組最近圍繞該議題發(fā)布了一篇重要報(bào)道，該工作組的負(fù)責(zé)人便是普利茨克。
She added that the U.S. should emulate the likes of Germany and Switzerland, and boost the amount of practical apprenticeships available to Americans. Pritzker also stressed that American families need to see a career path from the tenth grade into a workplace in which robots and machine learning will have a bigger and bigger place.
她還指出，美國(guó)應(yīng)效仿德國(guó)和瑞士的做法，為美國(guó)民眾提供更多實(shí)用的實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。普利茨克還強(qiáng)調(diào)，美國(guó)家庭應(yīng)看到，孩子們從十年級(jí)開(kāi)始便有一條直通職場(chǎng)的道路，而且在未來(lái)職場(chǎng)中，機(jī)器人和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)將發(fā)揮越來(lái)越大的作用。
This notion that the country must spend less time fearing automation, and more time preparing for it is shared by Bradley Tusk, who runs the venture capital firm Tusk Ventures. He cited the example of automated trucking, which will eliminate jobs but also give rise to new ones.
美國(guó)不應(yīng)耗費(fèi)過(guò)多的時(shí)間去恐懼自動(dòng)化，而是應(yīng)該投入更多的精力為現(xiàn)狀做準(zhǔn)備，這一觀點(diǎn)也得到了布拉德利·塔斯克的首肯。布拉德利運(yùn)營(yíng)著風(fēng)投資本公司Tusk Ventures。他列舉了自動(dòng)化卡車運(yùn)輸這個(gè)案例，雖然它導(dǎo)致了一些工作的消亡，但也催生出了一些新工作。
Pritzker and Tusk also identified immigration as another pain point in the U.S. workforce.
普利茨克和塔斯克還發(fā)現(xiàn)，移民是美國(guó)勞動(dòng)力的另一個(gè)痛點(diǎn)。
“If you look at the polling, and get the politics out of it, you see Americans want legal immigration to work well,” said Tusk, who says immigration is among many controversial topics on which most of the country agrees. The trouble, he added, is the current political system, in which activist primary voters hold sway, thwarts compromise and consensus.
塔斯克表示：“如果看看民調(diào)，并剔除其中的政治因素，我們就會(huì)知道，美國(guó)民眾希望這些合法移民能夠很好地工作。”他還指出，移民是眾多頗具爭(zhēng)議的話題之一，這一點(diǎn)大多數(shù)國(guó)家都有同感。他表示，問(wèn)題的源頭在于當(dāng)前的政治體系，其中，激進(jìn)的初選民眾處于統(tǒng)治地位，而反對(duì)者則不斷妥協(xié)并與其達(dá)成共識(shí)。
Tusk said on stage at Brainstorm Tech on last Monday that the country needs a simpler voting system, in which citizens could cast ballots with their smartphones. He claimed this would increase voter participation and elect more politicians who would enact middle-of-the-road solutions on immigration and other issues.
塔斯克上周一在科技頭腦風(fēng)暴大會(huì)的演講中指出，美國(guó)應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)化其投票系統(tǒng)，從而讓其民眾可以通過(guò)其智能手機(jī)投票。他表示，此舉將提升選民的參與度，同時(shí)選出更多能夠圍繞移民和其他問(wèn)題，推出中間方案的政客。
Solving the immigration impasse may also be critical to the future health of the American workforce. According to Pritzker, immigration is driving growth in foreign cities like Toronto, while the U.S. is pursuing policies, including restrictions on spousal visas, that make it harder to attract talent.
解決移民僵局可能對(duì)于美國(guó)未來(lái)勞動(dòng)力的健康度至關(guān)重要。普利茨克稱，移民正在推動(dòng)多倫多這類城市的增長(zhǎng)，而美國(guó)奉行的政策，包括配偶簽證限制，加大了美國(guó)吸引人才的難度。
“It’s crazy to say you get an H1-b visa but your spouse can’t work,” she said.
她說(shuō)：“你拿到了H1-b簽證，但你的配偶卻不能工作，這一點(diǎn)聽(tīng)起來(lái)真的是不可思議?！?/p>
Both Pritzker and Tusk said, for now, the U.S. government may not be able to muster the political will to solve the hard questions over training and immigration. Instead, they said the best chance for reform may come from state and local politicians.
普利茨克和塔斯克都曾表示，如今，美國(guó)政府可能無(wú)法攬獲足夠的政治意愿，來(lái)解決職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和移民這類難題。然而，他們說(shuō)，最有可能出現(xiàn)的改革可能會(huì)源于州或當(dāng)?shù)氐恼汀?/p>
2020上半年翻譯資格考試一級(jí)筆譯考試精選習(xí)題
Inside the Pop-up Economy
幾千塊就能開(kāi)家小店?英國(guó)出現(xiàn)“快閃店”電商平臺(tái)
In the dirge of news about retail failure, where once impregnable institutions like House of Fraser and Marks and Spencer are now husks of their former selves, the high street would seem to be in mortal danger. Right? Wrong, says Ross Bailey, a 26-year-old retail entrepreneur: “The problem is that most high-street stores are crap.”
零售企業(yè)紛紛倒下。曾經(jīng)堅(jiān)不可摧的House of Fraser和馬莎百貨(Marks and Spencer)如今都只剩下一具軀殼。挽歌唱響，高街零售業(yè)似乎走到了生死關(guān)頭。難道不對(duì)嗎?當(dāng)然不對(duì)!在26歲的零售企業(yè)家羅斯·貝利(Ross Bailey)看來(lái)，“問(wèn)題出在大多數(shù)高街百貨商店品質(zhì)堪憂。”
Lest we forget, 90 per cent of sales are still made in bricks-and-mortar buildings. But shorter leases, changing consumer loyalties and online stores have changed the way we shop. And traditional stores are increasingly being replaced by more short-term “pop-up” solutions.
先提醒一句，目前社會(huì)消費(fèi)品銷售總額的90%仍是在實(shí)體店完成的。但隨著商鋪?zhàn)饧s的縮短，消費(fèi)者忠誠(chéng)度不斷變化，加上電商的發(fā)展，我們的購(gòu)物方式也在改變。此外，傳統(tǒng)商店正逐步讓位于經(jīng)營(yíng)期限更短的“快閃”(Pop-up)模式。
“The death of the high street is grossly exaggerated,” Bailey continues. “It dies when it’s homogenous and uninteresting. When it’s done right, it’s a totally different story.”
“高街的衰亡被過(guò)分夸大了?！必惱又f(shuō)道，“如果高街零售商繼續(xù)同質(zhì)化經(jīng)營(yíng)和無(wú)趣，消亡是不可避免的。但如果經(jīng)營(yíng)得當(dāng)，情況會(huì)完全不同?！?/p>
In 2012, Bailey founded Appear Here, an online marketplace for short-term retail designed to disrupt the commercial space. Brands go to the website to search for a space, book a time slot and earmark a budget and then Appear Here connects them with a landlord.
2012年，貝利創(chuàng)建了零售商鋪短租平臺(tái)Appear Here，旨在顛覆商業(yè)地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)。品牌可以通過(guò)該平臺(tái)搜索場(chǎng)地，列出時(shí)間段和預(yù)算，而Appear Here則會(huì)為他們介紹房東。
If the brand and the landlord are a match, the deal goes ahead. Some shops pop up for only a week, others rent for years – either way, it’s a “pay as you go” business, where even the most powerful brands can test a new market without long-term commitment.
如果品牌與房東的要求匹配，就達(dá)成交易。一些商鋪僅擺設(shè)一周時(shí)間，有些則會(huì)租上數(shù)年——無(wú)論哪種，都采取“現(xiàn)收現(xiàn)付”模式。就連那些最有影響力的品牌都可以通過(guò)這種模式來(lái)試水新市場(chǎng)，而不必簽下長(zhǎng)期合約。
Today, Bailey oversees a network that includes 160,000 brands and 6,000 retail spaces, throughout London, Paris and New York, and represents every kind of business, from the tiniest market-stall artisans to the most powerful brands in the world, such as Apple, Nike and Louis Vuitton. And the shops just keep popping.
如今，貝利的服務(wù)范圍包括16萬(wàn)個(gè)品牌和6000個(gè)零售場(chǎng)地，覆蓋了倫敦、巴黎和紐約全城，遍布每一個(gè)行業(yè)——從最微小的市場(chǎng)擺攤手藝人，到蘋(píng)果、耐克和路易威登等全球最有影響力的品牌。且快閃商店還在持續(xù)增多。
This week, Appear Here launches its next innovation, a six-part collection of modular furniture designed for short-term retail. The pieces can be rented by the week, come in three different finishes, and include everything the modern shopkeeper might need, from a hanging rail to a fitting room to a shelving unit and a cash desk.
日前，Appear Here推出了又一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新：由6部分組成的模塊家具。這套家具專門(mén)為短租零售而設(shè)計(jì)。家具可以按周租賃，有三種不同漆面，包括了現(xiàn)代商店可能用到的一切：從衣架、試衣間，到貨架和收銀臺(tái)。
The collection was designed by Richard Found, whose day job is tending to the look of luxury commercial spaces. He describes the fixtures as “ego-less”, with a focus on “pure design”. All can be adapted to any environment and it’s sleek, simple – and idiot-proof.
這套家具由理查德·方德(Richard Found)設(shè)計(jì)，他的正業(yè)是為奢侈品牌設(shè)計(jì)門(mén)店。在他眼中，這些固定裝置做到了“無(wú)我”，專注于“純?cè)O(shè)計(jì)”。所有裝置都能適應(yīng)各種環(huán)境，造型流線，簡(jiǎn)潔，且易于安裝。
The incentives for such a collaboration are many. First, it will scale the business, increasing Appear Here’s profile as a one-stop pop-up platform through which you can also staff and service your store. Second, it will offer even the humblest of retailers a little more luxury gloss.
合作設(shè)計(jì)這樣一套家具是出于多項(xiàng)考慮。首先，這樣能促進(jìn)規(guī)?；\(yùn)營(yíng)，提升Appear Here作為一站式快閃平臺(tái)的形象——人們可以通過(guò)該平臺(tái)為商店雇人和購(gòu)買服務(wù)。其次，這能為哪怕是最不起眼的零售商增添一絲高級(jí)感。
Both are feeling bullish about the future of the high street. But they insist it must adapt. “Your store doesn’t need to be in one place anymore,” says Bailey. “Before, if you didn’t have your store, your business was over because where would the person find you? Now you’ve always got a presence that exists.”
對(duì)于高街零售業(yè)的未來(lái)，二人都持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。但他們堅(jiān)稱高街必須適應(yīng)新形勢(shì)?！澳愕纳痰隂](méi)必要固守在一個(gè)地方?！必惱硎?，“以前，倘若沒(méi)有自己的店面，你的生意就完了，因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)撊ツ睦镎夷?但現(xiàn)在你永遠(yuǎn)都有實(shí)體窗口?！?/p>
And he’s persuasive on the power of the pop-up as a marketing tool. “Digital direct-to-consumer brands are now paying so much for digital advertising.” With social-media reach and the right user-friendly experience, “one little shop can create something that builds a connection with millions of people that don’t even happen to walk past it. Experience is a currency that spreads.”
此外，他關(guān)于快閃店?duì)I銷功能的看法也非常有說(shuō)服力?！澳壳?，直接面向消費(fèi)者(DTC)的數(shù)字品牌在數(shù)字廣告方面投入巨大。”有了社交媒體的宣傳，再能提供友好的用戶體驗(yàn)，“一家小店可以與數(shù)百萬(wàn)消費(fèi)者建立聯(lián)系，哪怕這些消費(fèi)者并沒(méi)有親自路過(guò)。體驗(yàn)就是流通貨幣。”
Bailey’s hope is that the pop-up will help make the high street “a place of discovery” once more. “Anyone can have a shop,” he says.
貝利希望，快閃模式能幫助高街零售商店再一次成為“充滿發(fā)現(xiàn)之地”。 “人人都能開(kāi)店?！?/p>
Some of his favourite anecdotes concern the more unusual enterprises he’s helped bring to life – like the parents who, in lieu of an iPad, bought their son a ￡600 birthday pop-up from which to launch his T-shirt brand for two weeks.
他最喜歡講的一些趣事，就是他幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)的那些不尋常的店鋪——例如，一對(duì)父母花費(fèi)600英鎊，給他們的兒子買了一個(gè)為期兩周的快閃店作為生日禮物，而不是iPad，用來(lái)發(fā)布他的T恤品牌。
