每一發(fā)奮努力的背后，必有加倍的賞賜。今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了2020年翻譯資格考試二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)材料 ，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
2020年翻譯資格考試二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)材料
洛杉磯歷史最久醫(yī)院入不敷出悄然關(guān)閉
The oldest hospital in Los Angeles and a major pillar in the city’s large Chinese community has shut its doors after 157 years.考生如果怕自己錯(cuò)過(guò)考試成績(jī)查詢的話，可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒，屆時(shí)會(huì)以短信的方式提醒大家報(bào)名和考試時(shí)間。
The Pacific Alliance Medical Center – better known in the city as French Hospital – closed down with little notice or ceremony, leaving its clientele of newly arrived Asian immigrants and elderly Chinese stunned and saddened.
According to The Los Angeles Times, the hospital has been losing money and cannot afford the $100 million in earthquake renovations required by California state law.
The hospital began treating patients in 1860 and was called the French Hospital because the majority of its patients were French.
As the 19th century moved into the 20th, newly-arrived Chinese immigrants settled in the neighborhood around the hospital and the area soon became known as Chinatown.
French Hospital grew into an indispensable part of Chinatown, serving generations of families. The cafeteria featured an Asian menu and the hospital sponsored youth sports teams and many community events.
Chinatown activists say seniors are going to be severely affected by the closing. Many were able to walk to the facility for simple medical care and free health classes.
洛杉磯歷史最久醫(yī)院入不敷出悄然關(guān)閉
美國(guó)洛杉磯一家建立157年的歷史最久的醫(yī)院關(guān)閉。這家醫(yī)院也是當(dāng)?shù)厝A人社區(qū)的一個(gè)重要支柱。
這座在洛杉磯被人稱為“法國(guó)醫(yī)院”的太平洋聯(lián)盟醫(yī)療中心悄然關(guān)閉，沒(méi)有舉行任何儀式。很多新到美國(guó)的亞洲移民和年邁的華人感到震驚和傷心。
《洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)》說(shuō)，這家醫(yī)院一直虧損，拿不出修復(fù)地震損壞設(shè)施所需的1億美元。加利福尼亞州法律要求必須修復(fù)這些設(shè)施方能繼續(xù)使用。
太平洋聯(lián)盟醫(yī)療中心1860年開始治療病人，當(dāng)時(shí)大部分病人是法國(guó)裔，因而被稱為法國(guó)醫(yī)院。
到了19世紀(jì)和20世紀(jì)，很多新到美國(guó)的華人移民在醫(yī)院周圍定居，這個(gè)地方很快被稱為唐人街或中國(guó)城。
法國(guó)醫(yī)院很快成為中國(guó)城不可分割的一部分，為好幾代人提供服務(wù)。醫(yī)院餐廳的菜單上有亞洲菜肴，醫(yī)院還為社區(qū)的青年和少年體育隊(duì)以及其它活動(dòng)提供贊助和支持。
中國(guó)城的活動(dòng)人士說(shuō)，醫(yī)院關(guān)閉將嚴(yán)重影響一些老年人。他們一直可以走路到醫(yī)院接受簡(jiǎn)單診治，并接受一些免費(fèi)的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生常識(shí)培訓(xùn)。
2020年翻譯資格考試二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)材料
達(dá)芬奇珍品以創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄價(jià)格拍賣成交
A 500-year-old masterpiece by Leonardo da Vinci that once sold for a mere $60 smashed the world’s record for an art auction Wednesday.考生如果怕自己錯(cuò)過(guò)考試成績(jī)查詢的話，可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒，屆時(shí)會(huì)以短信的方式提醒大家報(bào)名和考試時(shí)間。
“Salvator Mundi,” which depicts Christ raising his hand in a blessing, sold for $450 million at Christie’s Auction House in New York.
The buyer who was not identified, made his bid by telephone, sending the audience into a frenzy as the price climbed higher and higher.
The seller is Russian billionaire Dmitry Rybolovlev.
Only about 20 da Vinci works are known to exist and “Salvator Mundi” is the only one in private hands. The others are in museums or part of large public collections.
Art experts believe da Vinci painted “Salvator Mundi” in about 1500. It was once owned by England’s King Charles I. It disappeared, resurfaced, and, at one time, was bought for just $60 by a collector who mistook it for a copy.
It took more than 50 years for art experts to restore it and authenticate it as a genuine da Vinci, although others still doubt it is the real thing.
Until Wednesday, the highest price paid for a painting at auction was $179 million for Pablo Picasso’s “The Women of Algiers” in 2015.
2020年翻譯資格考試二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)材料
網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際合作戰(zhàn)略
International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace
序言
Preface
“網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間是人類共同的活動(dòng)空間，網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間前途命運(yùn)應(yīng)由世界各國(guó)共同掌握。各國(guó)應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)溝通、擴(kuò)大共識(shí)、深化合作，共同構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間命運(yùn)共同體?！笨忌绻伦约哄e(cuò)過(guò)考試成績(jī)查詢的話，可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒，屆時(shí)會(huì)以短信的方式提醒大家報(bào)名和考試時(shí)間。
Cyberspace is the common space of activities for mankind. The future of cyberspace should be in the hands of all countries. Countries should step up communications, broaden consensus and deepen cooperation to jointly build a community of shared future in cyberspace.
——中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平，2015年12月16日
– Remarks by H.E. Xi Jinping, President of the People’s Republic of China, 2015/12/16
當(dāng)今世界，以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為代表的信息技術(shù)日新月異，引領(lǐng)了社會(huì)生產(chǎn)新變革，創(chuàng)造了人類生活新空間，拓展了國(guó)家治理新領(lǐng)域，極大提高了人類認(rèn)識(shí)世界、改造世界的能力。
Today, the rapid advancement of information technology represented by the Internet has brought about new ways of social production, created new space for people’s life, opened new horizons of state governance and enhanced people’s ability to understand and shape the world.
作為人類社會(huì)的共同財(cái)富，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓世界變成了“地球村”。各國(guó)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間互聯(lián)互通，利益交融，休戚與共。維護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間和平與安全，促進(jìn)開放與合作，共同構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間命運(yùn)共同體，符合國(guó)際社會(huì)的共同利益，也是國(guó)際社會(huì)的共同責(zé)任。
As the common asset of human society, the Internet has turned the world into a global village. In the interconnected cyberspace, countries are bound together by intertwined interests. It is in the shared interests and also the responsibility of the international community to safeguard peace and security, promote openness and cooperation and foster a community of shared future in cyberspace.
《網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際合作戰(zhàn)略》全面宣示中國(guó)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間相關(guān)國(guó)際問(wèn)題上的政策立場(chǎng)，系統(tǒng)闡釋中國(guó)開展網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域?qū)ν夤ぷ鞯幕驹瓌t、戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)和行動(dòng)要點(diǎn)，旨在指導(dǎo)中國(guó)今后一個(gè)時(shí)期參與網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際交流與合作，推動(dòng)國(guó)際社會(huì)攜手努力，加強(qiáng)對(duì)話合作，共同構(gòu)建和平、安全、開放、合作、有序的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，建立多邊、民主、透明的全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)治理體系。
International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace provides a comprehensive explanation of China’s policy and position on cyber-related international affairs as well as the basic principles, strategic goals and plan of action in its external relations on that front. It aims to guide China’s participation in international exchange and cooperation in cyberspace for the next period of time, and encourage the international community to come together to enhance dialogue and cooperation and build a peaceful, secure, open, cooperative and orderly cyberspace and a multilateral, democratic and transparent global Internet governance system.
第一章 機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)
Chapter I. Opportunities and Challenges
在世界多極化、經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、文化多樣化深入發(fā)展，全球治理體系深刻變革的背景下，人類迎來(lái)了信息革命的新時(shí)代。以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為代表的信息通信技術(shù)日新月異，深刻改變了人們的生產(chǎn)和生活方式，日益激勵(lì)市場(chǎng)創(chuàng)新、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮、推動(dòng)社會(huì)發(fā)展。網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間越來(lái)越成為信息傳播的新渠道、生產(chǎn)生活的新空間、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的新引擎、文化繁榮的新載體、社會(huì)治理的新平臺(tái)、交流合作的新紐帶、國(guó)家主權(quán)的新疆域。
With the accelerating trend toward a multi-polar, economically globalized and culturally diverse world and the profoundly changing global governance system, mankind has entered a new era of information revolution. The rapid advancement of information and communication technologies (ICT) represented by the Internet has changed people’s way of production and life and boosted market innovation, economic prosperity and social development. Cyberspace is becoming a new channel for information dissemination, a new frontier of people’s work and life, a new engine for economic growth, a new carrier for cultural prosperity, a new platform of social governance, a new bridge for communication and cooperation and a new domain of state sovereignty.
網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間給人類帶來(lái)巨大機(jī)遇，同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了不少新的課題和挑戰(zhàn)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的安全與穩(wěn)定成為攸關(guān)各國(guó)主權(quán)、安全和發(fā)展利益的全球關(guān)切?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)領(lǐng)域發(fā)展不平衡、規(guī)則不健全、秩序不合理等問(wèn)題日益凸顯。國(guó)家和地區(qū)間的“數(shù)字鴻溝”不斷拉大。關(guān)鍵信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施存在較大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患。全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)資源管理體系難以反映大多數(shù)國(guó)家意愿和利益。網(wǎng)絡(luò)恐怖主義成為全球公害，網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪呈蔓延之勢(shì)。濫用信息通信技術(shù)干涉別國(guó)內(nèi)政、從事大規(guī)模網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)控等活動(dòng)時(shí)有發(fā)生。網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間缺乏普遍有效規(guī)范各方行為的國(guó)際規(guī)則，自身發(fā)展受到制約。
While creating tremendous opportunities, cyberspace also faces a number of new issues and challenges. Security and stability in cyberspace has become a global concern which bears on the sovereignty, security and development interests of all countries. Problems such as unbalanced development, inadequate rules and inequitable order in cyberspace have become more evident. The digital divide among countries and regions is widening. Critical information infrastructure faces considerable vulnerability and potential risk. The existing global governance system of basic Internet resources hardly reflects the desires and interests of the majority of countries. Cyber terrorism has become a global public menace. Cyber crimes are spreading. Interference in other countries’ internal affairs by abusing ICT and massive cyber surveillance activities happen from time to time. The absence of general international rules in cyberspace that effectively govern the behavior of all parties hampers the development of cyberspace.
面對(duì)問(wèn)題和挑戰(zhàn)，任何國(guó)家都難以獨(dú)善其身，國(guó)際社會(huì)應(yīng)本著相互尊重、互諒互讓的精神，開展對(duì)話與合作，以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間全球治理。
No countries can stay immune from such problems and challenges. The international community can only work together through intensified cooperation in the spirit of mutual respect and mutual understanding and accommodation so as to put in place a rule-based global governance system in cyberspace.
2020年翻譯資格考試二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)材料
Ideas on Feminism Vary Depending on Culture Location
From Nairobi to Conakry, women across Africa are demanding change in attitudes towards sexual harassment, fair wages, access to land and equal opportunities for political leadership.
But they’re doing it in their own way says Gwendolyn Michael, professor of anthropology and Foreign Service at Georgetown University and author of a book on African feminism.考生如果怕自己錯(cuò)過(guò)考試成績(jī)查詢的話，可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒，屆時(shí)會(huì)以短信的方式提醒大家報(bào)名和考試時(shí)間。
“In the U.S. women often think feminism means I alone, determine what’s best for me. But African feminism is very much a different thing. It’s about how women interpret their interests and empowerment within the context of where they live and their cultural values.”
Feminism has historically had negative connotations on the African continent, says Xingu Rama Terra who teaches African feminist theory at Rhodes University in South Africa.
“Feminism one is considered to be a title that is given to middle class people or people who are white. There’s also an attachment to feminism that feminism is anti-men and anti-African cultural systems and anti-African traditional practices so in that regard there are many women who would hesitate to be identified as feminists.”
Advocating for women’s right on the basis of equality of the sexes can be intimidating for some men but American University professor Kwaku Nwamah says, “it shouldn’t be the case it starts with not being afraid of the word feminist and understanding that what’s right for our women is right for us as a society, as a continent in general.”
He says some of the problems require a shift in cultural attitudes and those take a long time, but some countries on waiting. Rwanda for example has the largest share of seats in parliament in the world held by women.
“One nice terrific example of what public policy can do to help women. They use quarters and people say what quarters diminish the role of women. No it doesn’t. Then on the end of the spectrum you see countries like Tanzania where the government says you can go to school if you pregnant.”
Dr. Michael says things are evolving on the continent.“I’d say beginning about 20 years ago I began doing a lot of, having a lot of conversations with ordinary women who had been supporting various movements, for example in South African, ANC women and what was fascinating is that these women used to say I can’t talk about feminism until we deal with getting rid of apartheid. Now what we’re seeing is that these women are parliamentarians all across the country. They are trying to get land laws changed.”
People like Kenya’s environmental political activist Juan Gauri Mathai and South Africa’s anti-apartheid activist Winnie Mandela are seen as great feminist inspirations for material.
But is being a feminist critical in the empowerment of women in General. “The simple answer for that should be would be no because many women across the decades have done work that is feminist what we would consider to be Feminists.”
She says the lack of the feminism label in some cases doesn’t negate the credibility of their work.
不同的文化背景對(duì)女性主義的認(rèn)識(shí)也不盡相同
從內(nèi)羅畢到科納克里，非洲各地的婦女都在要求改變對(duì)性騷擾的態(tài)度、公平的工資、獲得土地的權(quán)利以及政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的平等機(jī)會(huì)。
但喬治敦大學(xué)人類學(xué)和外交服務(wù)教授，同時(shí)也是一本關(guān)于非洲女權(quán)主義的書的作者格溫多林·邁克爾說(shuō)，他們正在用自己的方式做這件事。
“在美國(guó)，女性通常認(rèn)為女權(quán)主義意味著我一個(gè)人，決定什么對(duì)我最好。但是非洲的女權(quán)主義是完全不同的。它是關(guān)于女性如何在她們生活的地方和文化價(jià)值觀的背景下詮釋她們的興趣和賦權(quán)?！?/p>
從歷史上看，女權(quán)主義在非洲大陸具有負(fù)面含義。在南非羅茲大學(xué)教授非洲女權(quán)主義理論的辛古·拉馬·特拉(Xingu Rama Terra)說(shuō)。
“女權(quán)主義有人被認(rèn)為是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)或白人的稱號(hào)。還有一種對(duì)女權(quán)主義的依戀，女權(quán)主義是反男性的，反非洲的文化體系，反非洲的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗，所以在這方面，很多女性不愿意被認(rèn)為是女權(quán)主義者?！?/p>
在性別平等的基礎(chǔ)上倡導(dǎo)女性權(quán)利對(duì)一些男性來(lái)說(shuō)可能是令人生畏的，但美國(guó)大學(xué)教授夸庫(kù)·努瓦瑪(Kwaku Nwamah)說(shuō)，“不應(yīng)該是這樣的，開始于不害怕女權(quán)主義這個(gè)詞并且理解什么對(duì)我們的女性是正確的，對(duì)我們整個(gè)社會(huì)，整個(gè)大陸也是正確的?！?/p>
他說(shuō)，有些問(wèn)題需要文化態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變，這需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，但有些國(guó)家還在等待。例如，盧旺達(dá)婦女在議會(huì)中所占的席位是世界上最多的。
“這是公共政策可以幫助女性的一個(gè)很好的例子。他們使用四分之一，人們說(shuō)什么四分之一削弱了女性的作用。并沒(méi)有。在范圍的末端，你會(huì)看到像坦桑尼亞這樣的國(guó)家，政府說(shuō)如果你懷孕了，你可以去上學(xué)。”
邁克爾(Michael)博士說(shuō)，非洲大陸正在發(fā)生變化。“我想說(shuō)，從大約二十年前開始，我開始做很多事情，和支持各種運(yùn)動(dòng)的普通女性交談，例如在南非，非洲國(guó)民大會(huì)的女性，最吸引人的是，這些女性過(guò)去常說(shuō)，除非我們解決種族隔離問(wèn)題，否則我不能談?wù)撆畽?quán)主義?，F(xiàn)在我們看到的是，這些婦女是全國(guó)各地的國(guó)會(huì)議員。他們正試圖修改土地法?！?/p>
肯尼亞環(huán)境政治活動(dòng)家胡安·高里·馬塔伊(Juan Gauri Mathai)和南非反種族隔離活動(dòng)家溫妮·曼德拉(Winnie Mandela)等人被視為偉大的女權(quán)主義素材靈感來(lái)源。
而是作為一個(gè)女權(quán)主義者，對(duì)女性賦權(quán)提出了批評(píng)?！昂?jiǎn)單的答案應(yīng)該是否定的，因?yàn)閹资陙?lái)，很多女性都做過(guò)女權(quán)主義的工作，我們認(rèn)為她們是女權(quán)主義者?！?/p>
她說(shuō)，在某些情況下，缺乏女權(quán)主義的標(biāo)簽并不會(huì)否定他們工作的可信度。
2020年翻譯資格考試二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)材料
紐約調(diào)查在社交媒體平臺(tái)出售僵尸粉公司
New York State Attorney General Eric Schneiderman has launched an investigation of a firm that allegedly sold millions of fake followers to social media users.?？忌绻伦约哄e(cuò)過(guò)考試成績(jī)查詢的話，可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒，屆時(shí)會(huì)以短信的方式提醒大家報(bào)名和考試時(shí)間。
The company, Devumi, sold more than 200 million fake followers, or bots, to celebrities, sports stars, and politicians, The New York Times reported.
“Impersonation and deception are illegal under New York law,” Schneiderman tweeted. “We are opening an investigation into Devumi and its apparent sale of bots using stolen identities.”
The Times reported that at least 55,000 of the bot accounts names, pictures, hometowns and other details taken from people on Twitter. The information was stolen from people in every U.S. state as well as dozens of countries, The Times said.
“The growing prevalence of bots means that real voices are too often drowned out in public conversation,” Schneiderman said. “Those who can pay the most for followers can buy their way to apparent influence.”
On social media, high follower numbers means greater influence and visibility, which can impact public opinion and offer lucrative financial deals for the account holders.
On its website, Devumi offers customers the chance to buy up to 500,000 followers for social media sites including Twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn, Pinterest and Vimeo, with prices starting at as little as $12.
紐約州總檢察長(zhǎng)史樹德(Eric Schneiderman)開始調(diào)查一家據(jù)稱向社交媒體用戶出售了兩億多僵尸粉的公司。
《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道，Devumi公司向名人、體育明星和政界人士出售了兩億多僵尸粉。
紐約總檢察長(zhǎng)史樹德說(shuō)：“根據(jù)紐約州法律，假冒和欺詐是違法行為。我們開始調(diào)查Devumi公司?？磥?lái)這家公司用盜竊的用戶信息出售了僵尸粉?！?/p>
《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道，至少有5萬(wàn)5000人的推特信息被獵取，包括用戶名、照片、居住地點(diǎn)以及其它一些詳細(xì)信息。《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》說(shuō)，被盜竊信息的用戶來(lái)自美國(guó)50個(gè)州和幾十個(gè)國(guó)家。
史樹德說(shuō)：“日益增多的僵尸粉意味著公共對(duì)話中的真正聲音被淹沒(méi)。那些能出大價(jià)錢購(gòu)買僵尸粉的人能夠用錢換取影響力?！?/p>
在社交媒體上，擁有大量粉絲意味著更大的影響和曝光度，能影響公眾輿論，還經(jīng)常能給這些高粉絲用戶帶來(lái)回報(bào)豐厚的簽約。
Devumi公司在其網(wǎng)站上可讓客戶購(gòu)買各社交媒體平臺(tái)的最多50萬(wàn)僵尸粉，包括推特(Twitter)、Youtube、領(lǐng)英(LinkedIn)、繽趣(Pinterest)、和Vimeo，價(jià)格從12美元起。
