“一分耕耘,一分收獲?!痹谧约旱睦硐氲缆飞希鄤?dòng)腦筋,不斷的思考,今天小編給大家?guī)砹朔g資格考試二級(jí)口譯模擬題 ,希望能夠幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
翻譯資格考試二級(jí)口譯模擬題
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain what he or she wants. If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learned after upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist. But not only do languages exhibit such learning patterns, but so do cultural traits, for example, shaking hands, kissing, and embracing.
Although many persons assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars, in fact they only exist in people’s heads. But this is equally true of cultural traits, which indicate clearly a person’s value system when crucial decisions need to be made before there is any time to think about alternatives, for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.
分析:
?、?Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain (what he or she wants).
譯文 1 :語言和文化學(xué)習(xí),對(duì)兒童來說并不存在特定的程序和計(jì)劃,但是由于語言是兒童得償所愿最有效的方式,因而他們學(xué)語言的主觀能動(dòng)性是很高的。
譯文2:兒童學(xué)習(xí)語言和文化,無需專門編制的教學(xué)計(jì)劃,但他們的學(xué)習(xí)積極性很高,因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)粢@得想要的東西,語言乃是最有效的手段。
考點(diǎn): 轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法:被主交換: are learned by children→ 兒童學(xué)習(xí)
意譯: special organized programs of instruction→ 特定的程序和計(jì)劃
具體譯法:成語法: obtain what he or she wants→ 得償所愿
換序譯法: since 從句先譯
?、?If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learnedafter upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist.
譯文1:如果一個(gè)人在少年時(shí)期就學(xué)一門新的語言,那么(將來)很可能說得很流利。但如果成年還沒有學(xué)語言,母語的一些習(xí)慣特征就會(huì)根深蒂固。
譯文2:如果一個(gè)人十來歲開始學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語言,日后他就有可能輕松自如地說這門語言。但如果到十六、七歲才學(xué),那么他說話時(shí)多半會(huì)夾雜一些母語的痕跡。
考點(diǎn): 轉(zhuǎn)性譯法: 名詞 → 動(dòng)詞 learning→ 學(xué)習(xí)
動(dòng)詞 → 形容詞 persist→ 根深蒂固 naturalness→ 流利
動(dòng)詞 → 副詞 naturalness→ 輕松自如地
意譯: before lower adolescence→ 少年時(shí)期;十來歲
after upper adolescence→ 到成年;十六、七歲
hangover→ 痕跡
adolescence 在英語中表示“青春期”,一般指成年以前從 13 到 15 歲的發(fā)育期。在翻譯 before lower adolescence 時(shí),不能簡單處理成“青少年時(shí)期的早期”,既累贅,語義又晦澀??梢苑g成“少年時(shí)期”,因?yàn)椤扒嗌倌陼r(shí)期的早期”即“少年時(shí)期”,也可根據(jù) adolescence 的年齡范圍處理成“十幾歲”。當(dāng)然 after upper adolescence 直譯為“在青春期后”,即“十六、七歲”,此階段離“成年”不遠(yuǎn)。
正反譯法: if learned after upper adolescence→ 如果成年還沒有學(xué)語言
轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法:被主交換 but if learned after upper adolescence→ 如果成年還沒有學(xué)語言
具體譯法:成語法: persist→ 根深蒂固
?、?But not only do languages exhibit such learning patterns, but so docultural traits, for example, shaking hands, kissing, and embracing.
譯文 1 :不僅語言體現(xiàn)了這種學(xué)習(xí)方式,文化特性也是如此,諸如握手、接吻和擁抱。
譯文 2 :不僅語言學(xué)習(xí)呈現(xiàn)這種模式,文化秉性,如握手、接吻和擁抱,也同樣如此。
考點(diǎn): 倒裝句的翻譯
?、?Although many persons assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars, in fact they only exist in people’s heads.
譯文:盡管許多人認(rèn)為語言只存在于字典和語法書中,其實(shí)它只存在于人的頭腦里。
考點(diǎn): 具體譯法:加字法: grammars→ 語法書
前者有“字典”, grammar 如翻譯成“語法”,和“字典”并不是一個(gè)對(duì)等的實(shí)物,因?yàn)椤罢Z法”是一個(gè)抽象的東西,而“語法書”是一個(gè)具體的出版物,因此應(yīng)選擇后者的翻譯。
?、?But this is equally true of cultural traits, (which indicate clearly a person’s value system) when crucial decisions need to be made before there is any time to think about alternatives, for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.
譯文 1 :文化特性何嘗不是如此?當(dāng)人們不得不做出不加思索的關(guān)鍵決定,比如說跳進(jìn)湍急的水流中救一個(gè)溺水兒童,那么他的文化特性就清晰地展現(xiàn)了他的價(jià)值體系。
譯文 2 :文化秉性亦然。在沒有時(shí)間考慮何取何舍而必須作出關(guān)鍵性決定時(shí),如跳進(jìn)湍急的水流中去救一個(gè)溺水的孩子,文化秉性會(huì)清楚的表現(xiàn)了一個(gè)人的價(jià)值體系。
考點(diǎn): This is true of/in… 表示以上情況也適用于 of 后的賓語,翻譯時(shí)可用“何嘗不是如此”、“亦然”、“也是這樣”等表達(dá)。如:
In Mac, you can enjoy the food in a comforting atmosphere with instant and professional service. This is also true in KFC.
在麥當(dāng)勞就餐環(huán)境舒適,服務(wù)專業(yè)迅捷。肯德基何嘗不是如此?考生如果怕自己錯(cuò)過考試報(bào)名時(shí)間和考試時(shí)間的話,可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒,屆時(shí)會(huì)以短信的方式提醒大家報(bào)名和考試時(shí)間。
定語從句的翻譯:重復(fù)法 →which…
換序譯法: ⑴ But this is equally true of cultural traits, ⑸ which indicate clearly a person’s value system ⑶ when crucial decisions need to be made ⑵ before there is any time to think about alternatives, ⑷ for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.
翻譯順序如上。這句句子是一句非常復(fù)雜的句子,表面上不難理解,但翻譯的順序很有講究。除了第 ⑴ 句,后面有兩句相連環(huán)的定語從句 ,which 是一句非限制性定語從句, when 是一句限制性定語從句,由于較長,不可能翻譯成“清晰地展現(xiàn)了當(dāng) …… 的價(jià)值體系”。因此可以把 when 這句定語從句當(dāng)成是一句時(shí)間狀語從句去處理,單獨(dú)斷句。不料在 when 這句中又有 before 真正的時(shí)間狀語從句,這時(shí)有兩種翻譯方法:一種是把它翻譯成一般的時(shí)間狀語從句,或是把它處理成較簡單的表達(dá),作定語去修飾 decisions ,兩種方法都需要前置。翻譯完后再緊跟第 ⑷ 句作為例子,趁熱打鐵。最后再回到上面處理第 ⑸ 句,不過由于當(dāng)中隔離許多內(nèi)容,讀者對(duì) which 所指代的 cultural traits 已經(jīng)沒有印象,需要在翻譯時(shí)再次提起。
轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法:被主交換: crucial decisions need to be made→ 人們不得不做出關(guān)鍵決定
意譯: before there is any time to think about alternatives→ 不假思索的
flooding stream 極易翻錯(cuò),不解釋為“洪水”,因?yàn)椤昂樗睘?flood ,在這里 flooding 為形容詞,修飾 stream ,表示“湍急的水流”
翻譯資格考試二級(jí)口譯模擬題
中華民族歷來愛好自由和和平,中國人民始終希望天下太平,希望各國人民友好相處。中國人民在近代飽受戰(zhàn)爭和侵略的痛苦,更深感自由與和平的珍貴。任何一個(gè)國家建設(shè)和發(fā)展,都需要一個(gè)和平穩(wěn)定的國際國內(nèi)環(huán)境。任何一個(gè)國家和民族的自由,都是一切個(gè)人自由的前提和基礎(chǔ),我們希望各國人民都生活在沒有戰(zhàn)爭和暴力的世界里,希望各國人民都能享有不被人壓迫,歧視和欺凌的自由。
分析:
?、?中華民族歷來愛好自由和和平。
譯文 1 :The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace .
譯文 2 : The Chinese people have been a freedom-and-peace-loving nation since ancient times.
考點(diǎn): 換序譯法:“歷來”前置翻譯 →It has been traditionally believed
“歷來”后置翻譯 →since ancient times
?、?中國人民始終希望天下太平,希望各國人民友好相處。
譯文1: The Chinese people are always looking forward to the global peace and friendship among all nations.
譯文2: They have always hoped for the world to be at peace and the peoples of various countries to co-exist friendly.
考點(diǎn): 轉(zhuǎn)性譯法:副詞 → 名詞 友好 →friendship
?、?中國人民在近代飽受戰(zhàn)爭和侵略的痛苦,更深感自由與和平的珍貴。
譯文 1 : Having suffered from the pains of wars and invasion in recent times, the Chinese people have cherished the value/preciousness of freedom and peace than ever.
譯文 2 : Having suffered from wars and foreign aggression in recent times, the Chinese people treasure the freedom and peace all the more.
考點(diǎn): 換序譯法:“中國人民”后置翻譯。
?、?任何一個(gè)國家建設(shè)和發(fā)展,都需要一個(gè)和平穩(wěn)定的國際國內(nèi)環(huán)境。考生如果怕自己錯(cuò)過考試報(bào)名時(shí)間和考試時(shí)間的話,可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒
譯文 1 : The construction and development of any country needs/entails a peaceful and stable international and domestic environment.
譯文 2 : Every nation needs a peaceful and stable international and domestic environment for its construction and development.
⑤ 任何一個(gè)國家和民族的自由,都是一切個(gè)人自由的前提和基礎(chǔ)。
譯文: The freedom of any country or nation is the prerequisite and foundation/basis of that of any individual.
?、?我們希望各國人民都生活在沒有戰(zhàn)爭和暴力的世界里,希望各國人民都能享有不被人壓迫,歧視和欺凌的自由。
譯文: We sincerely hope people of all nations live in a world free from wars and violence and enjoy the freedom immune to/without oppression, discrimination and humiliation.
考點(diǎn): 換序譯法:“沒有戰(zhàn)爭和暴力的”和“不被人壓迫、歧視和欺凌的”后置到所修飾主體名詞后翻譯。
翻譯資格考試二級(jí)口譯模擬題
Information and communications are central to modem society and organizations. One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system. An organization that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive. When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful. This undermines their cooperation.
It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information. Yet, few organizations are able to function in this manner. In the long run, poor communication will undermine the entire organization. Restricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range thinking. We must avoid these stupid, short-sighted traps and constantly strive for an open communications system with objective information.
分析:
?、?Information and communications are central to modem society and organizations.
譯法:信息和溝通/交流對(duì)于現(xiàn)代社會(huì)和企業(yè)(組織)來說至關(guān)重要。
考點(diǎn): organization 常解釋為“公司;企業(yè)”或“組織”,這篇文章其實(shí)屬于 Management 板塊,應(yīng)解釋為“企業(yè)”。
具體譯法:成語法: central→ 至關(guān)重要
?、?One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system.
譯文1:把企業(yè)看作是一個(gè)溝通體系,這是了解工作環(huán)境的方法之一。
譯文2:了解工作環(huán)境的一個(gè)方法是把企業(yè)看作是一個(gè)溝通體系。
③⑴ An organization (that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization) ⑶ will be much more effective and a much better place to work ⑵ than the organization (that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive).
譯文:一個(gè)企業(yè)如果具備坦誠/公開的溝通模式/渠道和全方位的誠信信息,比起那些試圖封閉信息,曲解甚至欺騙的企業(yè)來說,將會(huì)有更高的效能,并更適宜于工作。
考點(diǎn): 定語從句的翻譯:第一句用了省略法,第二句用了前置法。
換序譯法:翻譯順序:⑴⑵⑶。這是一句較長的句子,但是句子結(jié)構(gòu)并不復(fù)雜,考生可以發(fā)現(xiàn)整句句子是一個(gè)比較級(jí),主語和賓語分別是兩種企業(yè),謂語是 will be much more effective and a much better place to work ,不過兩個(gè)企業(yè)的后面都各有一個(gè)長句進(jìn)行修飾,特別是第一個(gè)企業(yè)。因此在翻譯時(shí)先把主語的情況交待完畢,然后用“比”連起句子的賓語,賓語的定語并不長,可以前置,最后再翻譯謂語。
意譯:這句句子意譯的數(shù)量相當(dāng)多,可以說是中級(jí)口譯翻譯到現(xiàn)在為止意譯考點(diǎn)最多的地方了。
open lines of communication→ 公開的溝通渠道(直譯)
→ 坦誠的溝通模式(意譯)
valid, honest information→ 真實(shí)可靠的信息(直譯)
→ 誠信信息(意譯)
going up, down, and throughout → 機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)上下(直譯)
→ 全方位(意譯)
more effective→ 更高的效率(直譯)
→ 更高的效能(意譯)
restrict the flow of information→ 限制信息的流通(直譯)
→ 封閉信息(意譯)
轉(zhuǎn)性譯法:形容詞 → 名詞 effective→ 效能
形容詞 → 動(dòng)詞 better→ 適宜于
?、?When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful.
譯文 1 :如果領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層讓員工信息閉塞(蒙在鼓里),員工就會(huì)對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不信任。
譯文 2 :領(lǐng)導(dǎo)如果什么事情都不對(duì)員工講,員工就會(huì)不信任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。
考點(diǎn): 具體譯法:加字法: leadership→ 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層
成語法: keep workers in the dark→ 讓員工蒙在鼓里
轉(zhuǎn)性譯法:形容詞 → 動(dòng)詞 distrustful→ 不信任
?、?This undermines their cooperation.
譯文:由此破壞他們之間的合作。
?、?It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information.
譯文 1 :開誠布公的溝通和無誤的信息,它們的價(jià)值和重要性是顯而易見的。
譯文 2 :懂得公開真誠的交流和可靠信息的價(jià)值和重要性是不難的。
考點(diǎn): 具體譯法:加字法: importance→ 重要性
成語法: open,honest communications→ 開誠布公的溝通
正反譯法: easy→ 不難的 valid→ 無誤的
⑦ Yet, few organizations are able to function in this manner.
譯文1:然而能夠做到這點(diǎn)的企業(yè)并不多見。
譯文2:然而很少有企業(yè)能夠這樣做/運(yùn)作。
考點(diǎn): 正反譯法: few→ 不多見
?、?In the long run , poor communication will undermine the entire organization.
譯文:不良溝通從長遠(yuǎn)上講就會(huì)危害整個(gè)企業(yè).
考點(diǎn): 正反譯法: poor→ 不良的
?、?Restricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range thinking .
譯文 1 :限制溝通和歪曲信息會(huì)使企業(yè)成為井底之蛙??忌绻伦约哄e(cuò)過考試報(bào)名時(shí)間和考試時(shí)間的話,可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒,屆時(shí)會(huì)以短信的方式提醒大家報(bào)名和考試時(shí)間
譯文 2 :限制溝通和歪曲信息會(huì)使企業(yè)鼠目寸光。
譯文 3 :限制溝通和歪曲信息會(huì)使企業(yè)缺乏遠(yuǎn)見。
譯文 4 :限制溝通和歪曲信息是思想狹隘的表現(xiàn)。
考點(diǎn): 具體譯法:成語法: short-range thinking→ 井底之蛙;鼠目寸光
正反譯法: short-range thinking→ 缺乏遠(yuǎn)見
⑩ We must avoid these stupid, short-sightedtraps and constantly strive for an open communications system with objective information.
譯文 1 :我們必須告別這些愚蠢、缺乏遠(yuǎn)見的做法,并致力于建立一個(gè)公開的溝通系統(tǒng),確保信息客觀公正。
譯文2:我們必須擺脫這些愚蠢、短淺的思想羈絆,不斷地努力營造一個(gè)客觀信息公開交流的系統(tǒng)。
考點(diǎn): 正反譯法: short-sighted→ 缺乏遠(yuǎn)見
意譯: traps→ 羈絆
轉(zhuǎn)性譯法:介詞 → 動(dòng)詞 with→ 確保