托福聽力考試考什么?考生需要具備哪些能力才能在托福聽力考試當(dāng)中斬獲高分呢?今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃?大重點(diǎn)考察能力訓(xùn)練方法精講，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力3大重點(diǎn)考察能力訓(xùn)練方法精講

托福聽力提分首先要有邏輯分析能力

關(guān)于托福聽力句子功能題、主旨類題型、組織結(jié)構(gòu)題、內(nèi)容連接題等題型，想要順利應(yīng)對(duì)考生就必須具備邏輯分析能力。句子功能題提問考生根據(jù)一句話來讀出作者意圖，回答這類題的托福聽力技巧是不要只看字面意思，對(duì)話的功能和用意可能和說話者直接表達(dá)的意思是不相符的。例如，一個(gè)秘書問學(xué)生它是否知道宿舍辦公室在哪里，她并不是想從學(xué)生那里問到宿舍辦公室在哪里。要通過聯(lián)系上下文內(nèi)容選擇答案。而且這類題目往往針對(duì)反問、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、舉例來出題，所以要特別注意。主旨類題目的托福聽力技巧在于尋找對(duì)話的主題。比如，在教授的辦公時(shí)間里，一個(gè)學(xué)生請(qǐng)教關(guān)于冰川論文的問題。他們的繪畫包含了冰川的內(nèi)容，但是對(duì)話的主題是學(xué)生需要寫論文的一些幫助。這個(gè)對(duì)話中，對(duì)話者的主要目的并不是想傳遞關(guān)于冰川的看法。在校園服務(wù)對(duì)話中，通常學(xué)生嘗試著解決問題。需要理解學(xué)生的問題是什么，如何解決，這些會(huì)幫助你回答好這類問題。在講座類材料中，則需要從教授的課堂一開始就把握主題。

托福聽力提分離不開快速理解能力

常見的考察基本理解的托福聽力題目是細(xì)節(jié)題，所以考生在托福聽力過程中要記好筆記。和托福閱讀不同，托福聽力中往往細(xì)節(jié)題是較難把握的。考生要注意在選擇答案時(shí)，從主旨出發(fā)排除和主旨相悖的選項(xiàng)，而且也不要因?yàn)槟硞€(gè)選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了聽到的詞匯就貿(mào)然確定答案。托福聽力細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容較多，記筆記時(shí)記什么?考生在備考中要分析托福聽力真題細(xì)節(jié)題，學(xué)會(huì)把握托福聽力重點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。所以托福聽力的細(xì)節(jié)題是比較難做的，這就需要大家具備聽完就能理解然后分析出這是不是重要細(xì)節(jié)并做好記錄的能力。

托福聽力提分還要練就推理能力

需要用到推理能力的是托福聽力題中的態(tài)度題和推論題。態(tài)度題需要考生聽出觀點(diǎn)及說話者感受，技巧是學(xué)會(huì)注意說話者的語(yǔ)氣，是不是包含歉意，充滿疑惑，滿含熱情。這就需要一定的推理能力了，特別注意對(duì)話者的用詞也能有助解答此類題型。而推論題則需要考生根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)推測(cè)，類似于托福閱讀推論題，不過因?yàn)榭忌鸁o法查找信息，只能在筆記中記好文章意思框架，再根據(jù)題干中出現(xiàn)的信息找到所在位置之后才能進(jìn)行合理推論。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：木星大紅斑釋放神秘能量

For most people, Jupiter's most recognizable—and mysterious—feature is the Great Red Spot. For centuries, astronomers have watched the storm spin across the giant world's face.

But for planetary scientists, Jupiter's most distinctive mystery may be what's called the "energy crisis" of its upper atmosphere: how do temperatures average about as warm as Earth's even though the enormous planet is more than fives times further away from the sun?

All the sun's giant planets display this energy crisis, and those in chilly orbits around other stars probably have it, too. So where does the energy to heat their upper atmospheres come from?

According to a new study, the energy must originate within the giants, get transported upward and become amplified by turbulent storms. The finding appears in the journal Nature.

This offers a new window into Jupiter's depths, and should allow researchers to better understand gas-giant atmospheres throughout the universe. And it's all connected to the Great Red Spot.

Astronomers have long known that auroral displays can heat Jupiter's poles, where charged particles trapped in the planet's intense magnetic field slam into its upper atmosphere. Some theorists thought this auroral heating could flow toward the equator to warm the planet's mid-latitudes. So, using NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility, astronomers observed Jupiter for nine hours, looking for these flows as thermal fluctuations in the planet's upper atmosphere.

But they saw none.

Instead, in Jupiter's mid-latitudes they spied a thermal spike 800 kilometers above the Great Red Spot, where temperatures soared hundreds of degrees higher than the surroundings. The best way to explain this spike is from the swirling maelstrom below, where turbulent atmospheric waves must generate heat by crashing together like breakers on a windy beach shore. Though this must be a planet-wide phenomenon, it is most obvious directly over Jupiter's largest, most powerful storm.

As alien as it seems, scientists have seen the same behavior on much smaller, gentler scales here on Earth, when thunderheads rising over mountain ranges create rippling waves that heat the air above.

對(duì)大多數(shù)人來說，木星最容易辨認(rèn)、最神秘的特征在于：大紅斑。數(shù)個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，天文學(xué)家已經(jīng)觀察到了木星表面這一風(fēng)暴氣旋。

但是對(duì)行星科學(xué)家來說，木星最最獨(dú)特的神秘之處在于所謂的上層大氣中的“能源危機(jī)”：木星這顆巨大行星到太陽(yáng)的距離比地球到太陽(yáng)的距離遠(yuǎn)五倍以上，可是為什么其平均溫度卻和地球一樣溫暖?

所有太陽(yáng)系中的巨行星都呈現(xiàn)出這種能源危機(jī)，而那些在寒冷軌道圍繞其他恒星運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的行星可能也會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種能源危機(jī)。那么，使上層大氣升溫的能源從何而來?

一項(xiàng)新研究表明，這一能源肯定源自巨行星，然后向上輸送，并通過猛烈的風(fēng)暴擴(kuò)大。該項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上。

這為探索木星深處提供了一個(gè)新視角，并且這一發(fā)現(xiàn)使研究人員可以更好地了解整個(gè)宇宙中巨型大氣層的奧秘。而這一切都與大紅斑有關(guān)。

天文學(xué)家很早以前就知道極光可以使木星的兩極升溫，這是因?yàn)楸焕г谀拘菑?qiáng)磁場(chǎng)中的帶電粒子和其上層大氣發(fā)生了猛烈撞擊。一些理論家認(rèn)為，這種極光加熱可以向赤道流動(dòng)，從而使木星中緯度地區(qū)變暖。所以，天文學(xué)家利用美國(guó)航空航天局的紅外望遠(yuǎn)鏡設(shè)備觀測(cè)了木星9個(gè)小時(shí)，試圖在木星上層大氣發(fā)生熱漲落時(shí)尋找這一熱流。

但是他們什么都沒看到。

相反，在木星的中緯度地區(qū)，他們?cè)诖蠹t斑上方800公里處發(fā)現(xiàn)了溫度峰值，相比于周圍的溫度，這個(gè)地方的溫度飆升了幾百度。對(duì)此最好的解釋是這種溫度飆升來自下方的漩渦，那里的大氣湍流通過互相碰撞產(chǎn)生熱量，就像在起風(fēng)的沙灘上拍打海岸的白浪一樣。雖然這是一種宇宙現(xiàn)象，但木星最強(qiáng)大的風(fēng)暴使其尤為顯著。

雖然看起來很奇怪，不過科學(xué)家已經(jīng)在地球上發(fā)現(xiàn)了規(guī)模較小、較溫和的相同現(xiàn)象，當(dāng)雷雨云砧上升越過山脈，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生加熱上方空氣的微波。

1. even though 即使;盡管;縱然;

例句：The book is a mirror of his life even though it is not a biography.

這本書雖然不是傳記，但仍舊是他生活的寫照。

2. come from 來自;始于;

例句：Correct ideas come from social practice.

正確的思想來自社會(huì)實(shí)踐。

3. according to 依據(jù)，根據(jù)，依照;

例句：You've been in prison six times according to our records.

根據(jù)我們的記錄，你曾入獄六次。

4. slam into 猛烈撞擊;

例句：The plane slammed into the building after losing an engine shortly after take-off.

飛機(jī)起飛之后不久，就有一個(gè)引擎出現(xiàn)故障，隨即便一頭撞上了大樓。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：聰明的螞蟻備份導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)

Make a left at the big oak tree about a mile down the road. That kind of direction is common in landscapes filled with visual cues. But the Sahara desert is a much tougher place to navigate. Even any footprints you leave get erased as winds massage the sand. Nevertheless, ants in the desert go on searches for food—and once they find it they carry their prize directly back to the nest.

In the late 1980's, researchers discovered that the ants can achieve this impressive feat using a process called path integration. To gauge the direction home, they keep track of the sun's motion across the sky—just like sailors used to do. To calculate the distance, they count their steps.

"It's a very hostile environment. They're foraging at the hottest times of the day and it's a desert, so surface temperatures reach 60 to 70 degrees Celsius."

Neurobiologist Matthias Wittlinger from Germany's Ulm University, on the podcast of the journal Science, which published this work.

"And they need to be really quick in finding food, and they really need to be very quick in getting the food back to the nest...they need to be really fast, and they're travelling at speeds of 100 body lengths per second."

Wittlinger noticed that sometimes desert ants carry each other.

"And here we had this unique opportunity to test traveling ants that are not walking."

If they're not walking, then they can't count their steps. So would these ants be able to find their way home?、

Bees and wasps can't count their steps, because they fly. Instead, to estimate distance they rely on what's called optic flow, which tracks how much visual information flows past them while they travel. So, do carried ants also use optic flow?

To find out, the researchers waited for an ant to emerge from its nest carrying another. After the pair walked for ten meters, the researchers separated them. And impressively, the carried ant marched straight on back to the nest—but not if their vision was blocked.

"So if they were blindfolded while being carried, they have no chance of gaining any distance information."

Which proves that they need eyesight—and therefore optic flow—to do it.

These critters live in one of the harshest environments on the planet, so it makes sense that evolution endowed them with the tools for path integration and optic flow.

"In the case of the desert ant, it's really important that they're getting navigation right...if one system fails, you still have a backup system."

Because if you're going to live in the desert you have to be very clever in finding ways to not die in the desert.

沿著這條路走，在大約一英里處的大橡樹那里左拐。這種導(dǎo)航方向在有視覺線索的地形非常常見。但是撒哈拉沙漠是一個(gè)很難導(dǎo)航的地方。即使你留下腳印也會(huì)被風(fēng)沙覆蓋。然而，在沙漠中的螞蟻卻能夠繼續(xù)尋找食物，一旦它們發(fā)現(xiàn)食物，它們可以直接把食物搬回巢穴中。

上世紀(jì)80年代后期，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)螞蟻可以實(shí)現(xiàn)這一了不起的壯舉，這被稱為路徑整合。螞蟻跟蹤太陽(yáng)在天空中的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況來判斷回家的方向，就像過去水手們做的一樣。它們通過計(jì)算步數(shù)來計(jì)算距離。

“這是一個(gè)非常惡劣的環(huán)境。它們?cè)谝惶熳顭岬臅r(shí)間覓食，沙漠的表面溫度高達(dá)60到70攝氏度?！?/p>

德國(guó)烏爾姆大學(xué)的神經(jīng)生物學(xué)家馬蒂亞斯·威特林格在本周《科學(xué)》期刊的播客上發(fā)表了這項(xiàng)研究成果。

“它們要快速找到食物，還要快速把食物帶回巢穴……它們的動(dòng)作要非?？?，基本上它們每秒的速度要達(dá)到身長(zhǎng)的100倍?！?/p>

威特林格指出，有時(shí)沙漠螞蟻會(huì)互相背著前進(jìn)。

“我們有這個(gè)獨(dú)特的機(jī)會(huì)來測(cè)試那些沒有走路的覓食螞蟻?！?/p>

如果它們不走路，那它們就不能計(jì)算步數(shù)。那這些螞蟻能找到回家的路嗎?

蜜蜂和黃蜂不能數(shù)步數(shù)，因?yàn)樗鼈兛匡w行移動(dòng)。所以，它們依靠光流來計(jì)算距離，它們會(huì)根據(jù)飛行過程中的視覺信息流來估算距離。那被抬著的螞蟻也用光流來計(jì)算距離嗎?

為了弄清楚這點(diǎn)，研究人員等待一只螞蟻背著另一只螞蟻從它的巢里出現(xiàn)。在它們走了十米以后，研究人員把它們分開了。令人印象深刻地是，如果視野受阻，那被背著的螞蟻會(huì)徑直返回巢穴中。

“如果它們?cè)诒槐持鴷r(shí)眼睛被蒙住，那它們就沒有機(jī)會(huì)獲得任何有關(guān)距離的信息?！?/p>

這證明它們需要視力，也就是要它們需要光流。

這些生物生活在地球最惡劣的環(huán)境中，所以進(jìn)化賦予它們路徑整合和光流的能力是有道理的。

“在沙漠螞蟻的例子中，獲得導(dǎo)航能力是非常重要的……如果一個(gè)系統(tǒng)失敗，它們還有一個(gè)備份系統(tǒng)?！?/p>

因?yàn)槿绻谏衬猩睿惚仨氁浅Ｂ斆?，這樣才能找到路而避免死在沙漠中。

重點(diǎn)講解：

1. keep track of 跟上…的進(jìn)展;掌握…的最新消息;

例句：I keep track of my expenses in a notebook.

我把我的支出記在一個(gè)筆記本上。

2. rely on 依賴;依靠;

例句：In default of expert's help, you'll have to rely on yourselves.

沒有專家的幫助，你們只好依靠自己了。

3. find out (尤指特意通過努力)發(fā)現(xiàn)，找出，查明;

例句：He was asked to find out how the land lies.

有人要他探知事情的真相。

4. make sense 可以理解;講得通;

例句：Delaying their retirement by raising the pensionable age might make sense.

通過推遲拿養(yǎng)老金的年齡而讓他們遲點(diǎn)退休，可能還有道理。

5. endow with 賦予;使天生擁有;

例句：You are endowed with wealth, good health and a lively intellect.

你生來就擁有財(cái)富、健康和活躍的思維。