托福聽力備考如何開展精聽訓(xùn)練?按照這些步驟練習(xí)效果好。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃淇既绾伍_展精聽訓(xùn)練，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力備考如何開展精聽訓(xùn)練?按照這些步驟練習(xí)效果好

什么是托福聽力的精聽訓(xùn)練法?

所謂托福聽力的精聽訓(xùn)練法，就是把一份聽力材料進(jìn)行全面透徹的練習(xí)運用，把材料中的所有內(nèi)容都徹底聽出來分析明白，用各種方法充分發(fā)揮聽力素材價值的一種訓(xùn)練方法，這種方法能夠把聽力素材的作用全面發(fā)揮出來，取其精華為自己所用，雖然訓(xùn)練過程會花費較多時間，但對于考生的聽力能力提升是有很大幫助的。

托福精聽訓(xùn)練法具體步驟講解

那么托福聽力的精聽訓(xùn)練法具體應(yīng)該怎么操作呢?小編認(rèn)為主要有4個訓(xùn)練步驟需要完成，它們分別是：

第一步：總聽全文

既然叫總聽，就是不要陷入文章內(nèi)容的細(xì)節(jié)。總聽只做兩件事：一是明確主題，大概知道這個段落講了什么事。二是尋找邏輯。

第二步：細(xì)聽每句

一句話先聽一遍，到了一個語意停頓的地方按暫停，通過你的回憶(memory)把這句話寫下來。因為在這里練的不是把聽到的內(nèi)容完全寫下來的能力，而是鍛煉記憶和總結(jié)能力。

第三步：反復(fù)琢磨

我們一定要在聽的過程中記錄聲音符號。這么做的目的是為了建立你耳朵聽到的聲音和實際內(nèi)容之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。

第四步：總結(jié)全文

對照著自己寫的聲音材料再去聽一遍原文。再看著聽力原文在心里默默地把這篇文章讀一遍，同時回想剛才在這里為什么沒聽出來。總結(jié)出現(xiàn)的問題進(jìn)行分析。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：高脂飲食因腸道細(xì)菌致肥胖

Think it's your inability to resist cheesecake that's making it tough to fit into your skinny jeans? Well, your bacteria may share some of the blame. Because a new study in mice shows that the response of intestinal microbes to a high-fat diet ends up triggering the release of a hormone that makes mammals feel hungry, causing them to eat even more. The finding is served up in the journal Nature.

Previous work has shown that the types of bacteria in the gut in diabetic or obese individuals are different from the bacteria in healthy people. But does this bacterial makeup contribute to these disorders? Or is it just a side effect?

To unravel this mystery, researchers put mice on a high-fat diet. The animals experienced a buildup of a chemical called acetate, particularly in the large intestine.

That location points to gut bacteria, which can produce acetate, as a possible culprit. So the researchers wiped out the microbes using antibiotics or a simple saline wash. And acetate levels plummeted.

Okay, so the gut bacteria in fat-fed mice make acetate. What does acetate do? Well, it gets the involuntary part of the nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system, to put out the call to produce more insulin. Unfortunately, in this case, acetate also gets the parasympathetic nervous system to stimulate production of a hunger hormone called ghrelin. And the more fats an animal consumes, the more acetate it makes — which means the more ghrelin it produces and, of course, the more it eats. And bacteria make the whole sequence happen.

The researchers are now investigating whether the same biochemical events happen in humans. If they do, it's possible that obtaining a better assortments of gut bacteria could help us control our weight. Of course, the best way to get those good bacteria is from a fecal transplant — in which bacteria-rich feces come out of one person and into you. The very thought of which could help curb your appetite.

設(shè)想一下，你很難穿上緊身牛仔褲是因為你無法抗拒奶酪蛋糕嗎?其實，你體內(nèi)的細(xì)菌可能要承擔(dān)部分責(zé)任。一項在小鼠身上進(jìn)行的新研究表明，腸道細(xì)菌對高脂飲食的反應(yīng)會最終引發(fā)荷爾蒙的釋放，使哺乳動物感到饑餓、吃得更多。該項發(fā)現(xiàn)刊登在《自然》雜志上。

此前的研究表明，糖尿病患者或肥胖群體腸道中的細(xì)菌類型與健康人的不同。但是這種細(xì)菌組成會導(dǎo)致這些疾病嗎?還是只是一種副作用?

為了解開這個謎團(tuán)，研究人員讓小鼠食用高脂飲食。因此，醋酸酯這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)在這些動物的大腸內(nèi)積累起來。

該位置指向腸道細(xì)菌，這種細(xì)菌能產(chǎn)生醋酸酯，是潛在的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住Ｒ虼?，研究人員用抗生素或簡單的生理鹽水來消滅微生物。這同時也使醋酸酯濃度下降。

食用高脂飲食的小鼠，其體內(nèi)腸道細(xì)菌可以產(chǎn)生醋酸酯。醋酸酯的作用是什么?它可以使神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中的無意識部分發(fā)出信號，產(chǎn)生更多的胰島素。不幸的是，在這種情況下，醋酸酯也會使副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)刺激饑餓激素的產(chǎn)生。同時，脂肪消耗的越多，體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的醋酸酯就越多，這意味著體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的饑餓激素越多，當(dāng)然就吃的越多。而且細(xì)菌會使這一整個序列發(fā)生。

研究人員正在研究相同的生物化學(xué)反應(yīng)是否會在人類身上發(fā)生。假如人類也會這樣，那么對腸道細(xì)菌更好的分類也許可以幫助我們控制體重。當(dāng)然，攝取這些有益細(xì)菌的最佳方式是通過糞便移植，即某人含有大量細(xì)菌的排泄物進(jìn)入到你的體內(nèi)。想到這里可能會有助于抑制你的食欲。

重點講解：

1. end up 最終;結(jié)果;到頭來;

例句：If you speak too slowly, you might end up sounding unnatural.

但如果說得太慢，就有可能導(dǎo)致發(fā)音不自然。

2. be different from 與……不同;

例句：My style of writing is very different from yours.

我寫作的風(fēng)格和你很不同。

3. contribute to 促成;促使;是導(dǎo)致…的原因之一;

例句：Exercise contributes to better health.

鍛煉能促成更強健的體魄。

4. wipe out 摧毀;毀滅;使滅絕;

例句：The plague once could wipe out a village.

鼠疫曾一度可以奪走整個村莊村民的生命。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：城市燈光欺騙樹木

The Earth's temperature is rising. And as it does, springtime phenomena—like the first bloom of flowers—are getting earlier and earlier. But rising temperatures aren't the only factor. Urban light pollution is also quickening the coming of spring. "So temperature and light are really contributing to a double whammy of making everything earlier." Richard ffrench-Constant, an entomologist at the University of Exeter.

He and his colleagues compiled 13 years of data from citizen scientists in the U.K., who tracked the first bud burst of four common trees. Turns out, light pollution—from streetlights in cities, and along roads—pushed bud burst a full week earlier. Way beyond what rising temperatures could achieve. This disruptive timing can ripple through the ecosystem.

"The caterpillars that feed on trees are trying to match the hatching of their eggs to the timing of bud burst. Because the caterpillars want to feed on the juiciest and least chemically protected leaves. And it's not just the caterpillars, of course, that are important. But the knock-on effect is on nesting birds, which are also trying to hatch their chicks at the same time that there's the maximum number of caterpillars." So earlier buds could ultimately affect the survival of birds, and beyond. The findings are in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

The world's becoming increasingly urbanized, and light pollution is growing—which ffrench-Constant says could trick trees into budding earlier and earlier. But smarter lighting—like LEDs that dial down certain wavelengths—could help. "Perhaps the exciting thing is, if we understand more about how light affects this bud burst, we might be able to devise smarter sort of street lighting that has less red components, and therefore less early bud burst." Thus keeping springtime an actual springtime phenomenon.

地球溫度正在上升。因此，花兒首次盛開等春季現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)時間會越來越早。但是，不斷升高的氣溫并不是唯一的影響因素。城市光污染同樣加快了春天到來的腳步?！耙虼耍跍囟群凸饩€的雙重沖擊下，一切都提早到來。”理查德·費倫奇·康斯坦特是英國?？巳卮髮W(xué)的昆蟲學(xué)家。

他和他的同事對英國公民科學(xué)家統(tǒng)計了13年的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行編制，這些科學(xué)家對四種常見樹木進(jìn)行追蹤，觀察它們第一次萌芽的時間。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市及道路兩邊的路燈造成的光污染，會使樹木的發(fā)芽時間提前整整一個星期。除此以外，不斷上升的氣溫也會施加影響。這種破壞性的時機會對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成影響。

“以樹木為食的毛毛蟲正試圖將自己的孵卵時間與樹木的發(fā)芽時間相匹配。因為毛毛蟲要以最多汁、最少受化學(xué)物質(zhì)保護(hù)的樹葉為食。不僅毛毛蟲是這樣，當(dāng)然，這一點很重要。這種連鎖反應(yīng)體現(xiàn)在筑巢鳥類身上，它們試圖在毛毛蟲數(shù)量最多的時候孵化鳥蛋?！币虼耍崆鞍l(fā)芽最終可能會影響鳥類的生存，甚至產(chǎn)生更加深遠(yuǎn)的影響。該項研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《英國皇家學(xué)會學(xué)報B》上。

世界越來越城市化，光污染的范圍也在逐漸擴(kuò)大，費倫奇·康斯坦特表示這種情況會欺騙樹木，使其發(fā)芽的時間越來越早。但是LED這樣的智能燈光會調(diào)低特定的波長，這可能會有所幫助?！耙苍S令人感到興奮的是，如果我們對燈光如何影響發(fā)芽有更多了解，我們也許能設(shè)計出發(fā)出更少紅光的智能路燈，這樣就可以使發(fā)芽時間少提前一些?！边M(jìn)而讓春天呈現(xiàn)出實際的春天現(xiàn)象。

重點講解：

1. contribute to 促成;促使;是導(dǎo)致…的原因之一;

例句：Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.

誠實加苦干有助于成功和幸福。

2. turn out 原來是;結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn);

例句：I'm sure things will turn out all right in the end.

我確信最終一切都會好的。

3. at the same time 同時;

例句：The crash took place at the same time as he left.

就在他離開時，車禍發(fā)生了。

4. dial down 下調(diào);降低;

例句：The retreating gasoline price helped to lift consumer spirits this month and dial down their inflation expectations.

本月汽油價格的回落提升了消費者信心，并降低了他們的通脹預(yù)期。