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托福寫作提升方法

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托福獨(dú)立寫作的扣分原因有很多,考生想要提升作文成績就需要先了解這些扣分原因并找到解決方法。下面小編就和大家托福獨(dú)立寫作常見扣分原因盤點(diǎn)分析,來欣賞一下吧。

托福獨(dú)立寫作常見扣分原因盤點(diǎn)分析 提升作文成績先解決2個(gè)問題

托福獨(dú)立寫作如何避免論述邏輯出錯(cuò)?

首先要說的是托福獨(dú)立寫作的論述邏輯問題。大家都知道獨(dú)立寫作從文章要求上來看其實(shí)是比較標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的立論文,也就是給出一個(gè)題目,考生自己選擇一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行展開論述的寫作要求。而作為論述文章邏輯自然是非常重要的。無論是文章整體的邏輯,還是各個(gè)展開段落的邏輯以及段落之間的邏輯,考生都需要把握好才能避免在邏輯論述的環(huán)節(jié)扣分。中國考生在寫議論文時(shí)候的思路一般都是按照順序first, second這樣的方式來展開。但開頭之后具體內(nèi)容其實(shí)跟這個(gè)順序都扯不上關(guān)系。不僅每個(gè)段落自己之間無法實(shí)現(xiàn)邏輯自洽,段落之間更是沒有合理的邏輯聯(lián)系,這樣的論述被扣分一點(diǎn)都不奇怪。

想要避免論述邏輯出錯(cuò),最好的方法就是進(jìn)行列提綱的訓(xùn)練。無論是實(shí)際動(dòng)筆還是只看作文題目進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練,考生都可以嘗試先列出自己的思路提綱,然后再進(jìn)行后續(xù)展開。具體來說,每看到一個(gè)話題想出自己的觀點(diǎn),接下來大家要做的就是展開這個(gè)觀點(diǎn),提出幾個(gè)分論點(diǎn),確保分論點(diǎn)能夠支持自己的觀點(diǎn),同時(shí)分論點(diǎn)之間也需要有相互聯(lián)系,可以是遞進(jìn)的順序,也可以是讓步或者并列等順序??傊3忠粋€(gè)整體和個(gè)體之間的合理邏輯鏈,這樣通過這種提綱寫出來的文章自然就會(huì)具備較好的邏輯,因?yàn)檎撌鲞壿嫸a(chǎn)生的作文扣分現(xiàn)象也可以得到有效避免。

托福獨(dú)立寫作怎樣減少文章內(nèi)容扣分?

文章內(nèi)容扣分其實(shí)是一個(gè)比較籠統(tǒng)的說法,具體來說詞匯、語法、句式、舉例等等從小到大的扣分都可以屬于內(nèi)容方面的扣分。比如最基本的拼寫錯(cuò)誤和語法問題,按照ETS給出的獨(dú)立寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看,少量的出錯(cuò)都不會(huì)造成扣分,但如果數(shù)量較多且集中出現(xiàn)在開頭結(jié)尾段這樣明顯的地方,那毫無疑問就會(huì)被扣掉一些分?jǐn)?shù)。另外句式和論據(jù)素材的錯(cuò)誤使用也會(huì)造成扣分。

為了避免各類文章內(nèi)容的扣分,考生需要掌握不同問題的應(yīng)對(duì)方法。比如詞匯拼寫錯(cuò)誤,考生可以通過寫完文章后檢查的方式來發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤及時(shí)改正,而語法問題也可以通過及時(shí)檢查來避免。另外句式和素材方面的問題其實(shí)考生都可以在備考過程中就發(fā)現(xiàn)和避免。大家可以提前背出一些比較優(yōu)質(zhì)的精選句式和論據(jù)素材作為儲(chǔ)備,結(jié)合具體作文題目使用,這樣就能避免臨時(shí)用一些自己沒把握不熟悉的句式論據(jù)所造成的錯(cuò)誤扣分問題了。

對(duì)于上述兩種在托福獨(dú)立寫作中比較常見的扣分問題,避免應(yīng)對(duì)的方法小編就為大家介紹到這里??忌绻€在苦惱于自己的寫作成績難以提升,那么不妨參考學(xué)習(xí)一下本文內(nèi)容,也許會(huì)給你帶來一些啟發(fā)和幫助。

托福寫作考試會(huì)遇到的難點(diǎn)

一、英語基本功

在寫作備考中要有計(jì)劃地、合理地增加詞匯量。多讀范文,如果考試時(shí)間臨近,可以選用背誦范文的方法,雖然辛苦一點(diǎn),但是還是有效的。曾經(jīng)一位哲學(xué)家講過這樣一個(gè)故事,說人的一生都會(huì)面對(duì)以下五個(gè)名詞:愛人、家庭、工作、健康、朋友 (lover, family, career, health, friend )。打個(gè)比方,如果把這五個(gè)方面比喻成為五個(gè)球的話,只有健康是玻璃球,其他四個(gè)全都是橡皮球,即使不小心弄掉了,還是會(huì)反彈回來,而健康卻是一旦落地,滿盤皆輸,沒有任何辦法補(bǔ)救。聽過這樣的故事,你不但很容易弄懂其中的道理,這幾個(gè)英文單詞也不會(huì)離你遠(yuǎn)去了。

二、中文式的翻譯

有的句子恐怕只有中國人才能理解是什么意思,究其原因就是生硬地翻譯了漢語表達(dá)方式。受漢語文化影響,我們博大精深的語言在我們的頭腦中已經(jīng)根深蒂固,人的邏輯思維很奇怪,一旦我們每天的思維習(xí)慣已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成,你很難在短時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行改變。外國人開始崇拜漢文化,開始學(xué)習(xí)我們的語言,孔子學(xué)院也應(yīng)因而生,這對(duì)推廣我們的文化是好的,但是托??荚囀菍?duì)英語的測(cè)試,只有26個(gè)字母。我見過很多有趣的中文式的翻譯,比如把“黑社會(huì)”翻譯成“black society”,還有把“八卦”說成“eight hang”的,等等。

建議:多聽。當(dāng)然是聽英文,這里做個(gè)廣告,重點(diǎn)推薦friends系列。學(xué)語言的順序一定是聽說讀寫,聽就是對(duì)語境和語感的最好提高,考生可以盡可能地找一些英文的短片來欣賞,學(xué)到英語的同時(shí)也娛樂了自己,一舉兩得。

三、套路化痕跡明顯

這里的套路,就是templates。很多老師授課過程中刻意突出寫作套路,學(xué)生也千方百計(jì)背誦寫作套路,導(dǎo)致展現(xiàn)在閱卷官面前的作文框架甚至很多語句千篇一律、如出一轍,從而極大地?fù)p害了得分。模板固然有用,但是針對(duì)first draft的觀念,文章的亮點(diǎn)就看不到了。

建議:考生可以暫時(shí)拋開托??荚?,從blog或者日記開始,每天用英文進(jìn)行托福寫作練習(xí),盡情地把你對(duì)社會(huì)的情緒和對(duì)學(xué)校的不滿寫出來,發(fā)泄出來。這個(gè)練習(xí)會(huì)讓你的文章逐漸符合first draft的要求。

四、通篇框架散亂

這個(gè)需要在練習(xí)中逐步提高。我們?cè)趯懽髦?,尤其是針?duì)task2,最重要的工作就是構(gòu)思。一般來說,在3-4分鐘時(shí)間之內(nèi),我們需要一個(gè)相對(duì)合理的構(gòu)思和一個(gè)絕對(duì)穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu),如果兩者都做到了,整個(gè)文章的框架就自然很清晰了。

一般考生出現(xiàn)文章框架混亂有以下原因:有的是沒有進(jìn)行完整的審題和構(gòu)思練習(xí),文章寫的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)都凌亂不堪;還有的是文章結(jié)構(gòu)很好,但是構(gòu)思的時(shí)候過于匆忙或者緊張,論證不夠完整,舉例也不合理。這些也是一般中國考生在考試中最常出現(xiàn)的問題。

托福寫作題目解析:學(xué)生交友的最佳方式

本周題目

Which do you think is the best way for a student to make friends?

1) Joining a sports team

2) Doing community activities

3) Travelling

參考范文

I think that joining a sports team is a wonderful way to make friends. Members of a sports team are working towards a common goal and share at least one interest, so there is a greater chance that they will want to do things outside of the sport together as well.

Students on a sports team need to work together for a common goal, which is usually winning games against other teams. Therefore, it is best for the team if everyone works together and helps each other improve. To do so, it is necessary to talk and find out the strengths and interests of other members. In other words, communication is necessary for a team to succeed.

Communicating is the first step in becoming friends, because once the ice is broken, it is possible to extend the conversation to other areas of interest. Members of a sports team may be friendly to new players because they want the new person to be just as committed to the goal; success is only possible when members trust each other. Therefore, the need to work together encourages positive interactions.

To become friends, though, takes more than conversations; friends need to have interests in common. Members of a sports team have at least one interest in common, the sport. If it is a school team, then the students are about the same age and share the same school. From these starting points it is possible to find other similarities. Those similarities make it easier to become and maintain friends. For example, members of the team might go out for pizza after a game and talk about their performance, and people who are morealike will sit together and become friends. By contrast, two people with nothing in common could politely share a meal, but they will not pursue the relationship once the meal is over.

The other advantage of making friends in sports team is that the chances of other contact are greater. Members of a team may go to the same school or live in the same neighborhood. Therefore, it is possible to meet the friend outside of the sports activity, allowing the relationship to grow. Compare the opportunities of team members who live nearby to the opportunities of friends who live far apart. It is harder for people who can only meet once a year or so to establish a new, deep friendship. Even with new technology, a conversation will not be the same online as it is in person.

Therefore, joining a sports team is one of the best ways for a student to form new friendships. A sports team offers the opportunity to meet people with at least one similar interest who are all working towards a common goal. Sports team members need to meet regularly to practice, so they also live close enough to meet regularly outside of the sport. These factors are all essential for developing new friends.

詞句積累

a common goal 共同的目標(biāo)

be committed to 致力于

positive interactions 積極的互動(dòng)

be about 大約

be alike 相似的

pursue the relationship 繼續(xù)維持關(guān)系

in person 親自

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