托福閱讀事實信息題

由 一網(wǎng)寶 分享時間：2022-07-24 20:34:00 加入收藏我要投稿點贊

“六選三”的主旨題是托福閱讀最后一道大題最常出現(xiàn)的題型之一，即從六個選項中選取三個，下面小編就和大家分享　托福閱讀“六選三”題型，希望能夠幫助到你們，快來一起學(xué)習(xí)吧。

托福閱讀“六選三”題型技巧

例題1：MINERALS AND PLANTS

下面分別是文章每段段首的信息：

Paragraph 1 Research has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and development.

Paragraph 2 Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis (loss of chlorophyll resulting in yellow or white leaf issue), necrosis (isolated dead patches), anthocyanin formation (development of deep red pigmentation of leaves or stem), stunted growth, and development of woody tissue in an herbaceous plant.

Paragraph 3 Much of the research on nutrient deficiencies is based on growing plants hydroponically, that is, in soilless liquid nutrient solutions.

Paragraph 4 While mineral deficiencies can limit the growth of plants, an overabundance of certain minerals can be toxic and can also limit growth.

Paragraph 5 Scientists have known for some time that certain plants, called hyper accumulators, can concentrate minerals at levels a hundredfold or greater than normal.

Paragraph 6 Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites that have been contaminated by toxic levels of heavy metals - an environmentally friendly approach known as phytoremediation.

題目：

Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

Plants need to absorb certain minerals from the soil in adequate quantities for normal growth and development.

1. Some plants are able to accumulate extremely high levels of certain minerals and thus can be used to clean up soils contaminated with toxic levels of these minerals.

2. Though beneficial with lower levels, high levels of salts, other minerals, and heavy metals can be harmful to plants.

3. When plants do not absorb sufficient amounts of essential minerals, characteristic abnormalities result.

4. Because high concentrations of sodium chloride and other salts limit growth in most plants, much research has been done in an effort to develop salt-tolerant agricultural crops.

5. Some plants can tolerate comparatively low levels of certain minerals, but such plants are of little use for recycling nutrients back into depleted soils.

6. Mineral deficiencies in many plants can be cured by misting their roots with a nutrient solution or by transferring the plants to a soilless nutrient solution.

正確選項是123。不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項1對應(yīng)第5和6段;選項2對應(yīng)第4段;選項3對應(yīng)第2段。這是因為，所謂的文章主要信息，其實就是某一段或幾段的主旨信息。因此，如果有的選項不確定，可以回到文中把每段的主旨信息找到，作為判斷的依據(jù)。

除了選出正確選項外，還要擅長排除錯誤選項。常見的錯誤選項是文章提到的細(xì)節(jié)信息。那么細(xì)節(jié)信息的特征是什么?先看例子。

例題2：APPLIED ARTS AND FINE ARTS

題目：

An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

This passage discusses fundamental differences between applied-art objects and fine-art objects.

Answer Choices

○Applied-art objects fulfill functions, such as containing or sheltering, and objects with the same function have similar characteristics because they are constrained by their purpose.

○It is easy to recognize that Shang Dynasty vases are different from Inca vases.

○Fine-art objects are not functional, so they are limited only by the properties of the materials used.

○Renaissance sculptors learned to use iron braces to strengthen the internal structures of bronze statues.

○In the twentieth century, fine artists and applied artists became more similar to one another in their attitudes toward their materials.

○In all periods, fine artists tend to challenge the physical limitations of their materials while applied artists tend to cooperate with the physical properties of their materials.

錯誤選項為245.它們共同的特點是：細(xì)節(jié)信息，具體體現(xiàn)在：選項2里的Shang Dynasty vases, 選項4的Renaissance sculptors, 選項5里的in the twentieth century和similar。這些細(xì)節(jié)信息的具體特征是：人名、地名、數(shù)字、年代等等。尤其當(dāng)這些信息出現(xiàn)在句子主干處時，要格外當(dāng)心!

托福閱讀長難句：動物活動

Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity——sleeping, feeding,moving, reproducing, metabolizing, and producing enzymes and hormones, for example——are well coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal timers that themselves generate the observed biological rhythms. (TPO13, 61)

metabolize /m?'t?b?la?z/ v. 新陳代謝

enzyme /'enza?m/ n.酵

hormone /'h??m??n/ n. 荷爾蒙，激素

rhythm /'r?e(?)m/ n.節(jié)奏;節(jié)律，循環(huán)

internal /?n't??n(?)l/ adj.內(nèi)在的，內(nèi)部的

我是分界線，大家先自己一遍速讀哦。

Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity(——sleeping, feeding, moving,reproducing, metabolizing, and producing enzymes and hormones, for example——)are well coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal timers (that themselves generate the observed biological rhythms). (TPO13, 61)

長難句分析：

這個句子主干部分:

Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity are well coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is insteaddependent somehow on internal timers.

大家要在讀的時候要注意忽略那些細(xì)節(jié)，尤其是破折號后面的。

比較難理解的是the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal timers.

這里就是A or B的結(jié)構(gòu)：

A= isdriven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset

B= isinstead dependent somehow on internal timers

中文：關(guān)鍵問題是，動物的作息是否是由外界條件比如日出日落驅(qū)使，或者相反，是以某種方式依賴于。

修飾一：(——sleeping, feeding, moving,reproducing, metabolizing, and producing enzymes and hormones, for example——)，破折號，解釋說明

中文：例如，睡覺、喂食、活動、繁殖、新陳代謝以及產(chǎn)生酶與荷爾蒙

修飾二：(that themselves generate the observed biological rhythms) ，從句，修飾internal timers

中文：自身產(chǎn)生并遵循的生物循環(huán)

參考翻譯：

一般來說，動物活動的不斷變化的程度——例如，睡覺、喂食、活動、繁殖、新陳代謝以及產(chǎn)生酶與荷爾蒙——與環(huán)境的循環(huán)十分同步，但關(guān)鍵問題是，動物的作息是否是由外界條件比如日出日落驅(qū)使，或者相反，是以某種方式依賴于自身產(chǎn)生并遵循的生物循環(huán)。

這個句子的主要修飾成分就是從句，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

托福閱讀長難句：性別不平等

Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills. (TPO14, 46)

inequality n. 不平等

pastoralist /'p?st?r?list/ n. 田園詩的作者，畜牧者

steep /sti?p/ adj. 陡峭的;(價格或要求)過高的，不合理的

hierarchy /'ha??rɑ?k?/ n. 等級制度

我是分界線哦，大家先一遍速讀

Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened (by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth) (in most communities),and (also by the requirement) (that women acquire most of the skills of men),(including, often, their military skills). (TPO14, 46)

分析：

這句話的重點其實就是：they seem to have been softened

修飾一：(by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth) ，介詞短語

中文：沒有嚴(yán)格的財富等級制度

修飾二：(in most communities) ，介詞短語

中文：在大多數(shù)群落中

修飾三：(also by the requirement) ，介詞短語，注意這里的also by the requirement和by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth是并列的

中文：也需要

修飾四：(that women acquire most of the skills of men)，從句

中文：女性獲得大多數(shù)男人的技能

修飾物：( including, often, their military skills)，介詞短語

中文：包括常用軍事技能