托福閱讀“六選三”題型技巧

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細(xì)節(jié)題是一種看起來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)際上很考察閱讀基本功的題型，通過(guò)一道細(xì)節(jié)題就可以考察出自己的問(wèn)題在哪里，以及以后學(xué)習(xí)中需要加以注意的地方。下面小編就和大家分享托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題，希望能夠幫助到你們，快來(lái)一起學(xué)習(xí)吧。

托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題：最能摸清你閱讀基礎(chǔ)的一類題

先給大家普及一下細(xì)節(jié)題的解題步驟：

1. 讀題干，找出題干中的關(guān)鍵信息(就是題干提問(wèn)的關(guān)鍵詞)

2. 到文章中尋找關(guān)鍵信息對(duì)應(yīng)的句子

3. 選擇一個(gè)關(guān)鍵信息對(duì)應(yīng)句子的同義改寫(xiě)選項(xiàng)

我們來(lái)看一道例題：

T17-1 Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia

Paragraph 3: ……Even if they hugged theAfrican coastline, they had little chance of surviving a crossing of the IndianOcean Shortly after 1400. Shipbuilders began developing a new type of vesselproperly designed to operate in rough, open water: the caravel. It had a widerand deeper hull than the galley and hence could carry more cargo: increasedstability made it possible to add multiple masts and sails. In the largestcaravels, two main masts held large square sails that provided the bulk of thethrust driving the ship forward, while a smaller forward mast held atriangular-shaped sail, called a lateen sail, which could be moved into avariety of positions to maneuver the ship.

8. According to paragraph 3, what did thelateen sail contribute to the caravel as a sailing ship?

○It provided stability for the front partof the ship.

○It made it possible for the hull to bewider and deeper.

○It added considerably to the speed of thewind-driven ship.

○It improved the capacity of the ship to beguided.

這道題題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是lateen sail. 帶著它回文中找到相關(guān)信息：while a smaller forward mast held a triangular-shaped sail, called alateen sail, which could be moved into a variety of positions to maneuver the ship.這個(gè)句子比較長(zhǎng)而且還出現(xiàn)了定語(yǔ)從句，開(kāi)頭還有一個(gè)托福閱讀?？嫉脑~while，并不是一下子就可以順譯出來(lái)的，如果考托er們讀不懂這個(gè)句子，大概會(huì)有如下兩種情況：

第一種，如果TOEFLer們?cè)谶@個(gè)句子中發(fā)現(xiàn)百分之五十以上的單詞都不認(rèn)識(shí)，那么同學(xué)們得趕緊回去背誦高中詞匯，后期的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃就應(yīng)該著重在大量時(shí)間花在單詞背誦計(jì)劃的制定上：高中詞匯結(jié)束后再緊跟著背誦四級(jí)和托福詞匯。而且TOEFLer再做題目的時(shí)候就不能一味地想要學(xué)習(xí)解題技巧，而應(yīng)該著重基礎(chǔ)的提升，無(wú)論是單詞還是長(zhǎng)難句。英文閱讀和中文閱讀一樣，沒(méi)有單詞量的閱讀就好像文盲讀報(bào)紙，只能靠腦洞。

第二種，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)單詞基本沒(méi)問(wèn)題，但是連which這個(gè)從句都不知道起什么作用，那么句法部分應(yīng)該還有很大欠缺，尤其是從句部分知識(shí)。這種情況經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在大學(xué)生群體中，他們的單詞量經(jīng)過(guò)四六級(jí)的洗禮已經(jīng)比較拿的出手了，但是對(duì)于句法反倒沒(méi)有高中生掌握的好，甚至遺忘比較嚴(yán)重，以至于讀句子的時(shí)候多是把單詞的意思往一起拼湊。這種學(xué)生通常會(huì)在做題時(shí)在迷惑性選項(xiàng)中一再栽跟頭，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論原文還是選項(xiàng)他都是讀得似懂非懂，就無(wú)法保證做題的正確率了。

綜上所述，細(xì)節(jié)題是一種看起來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)際上很考察閱讀基本功的題型，通過(guò)一道細(xì)節(jié)題就可以考察出自己的問(wèn)題在哪里，以及以后學(xué)習(xí)中需要加以注意的地方。各位TOEFLer平時(shí)在做題的時(shí)候也要多加以總結(jié)和思考哦。

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句：英國(guó)電視廣告

The Independent Television Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom, has criticized advertisers for "misleadingness"—creating a wrong impression either intentionally orunintentionally—in an effort to control advertisers' use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy. (TPO14, 52)

我是分界線，大家先測(cè)試一遍速讀是否理解

The Independent Television Commission, (regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom), has criticized advertisers for "misleadingness"(—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—)(in an effort)(to control advertisers' use of techniques)(that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.)

分析：

修飾一：(regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom) ，同位語(yǔ)

中文：英國(guó)電視廣告的管理者

修飾二：(—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—)，破折號(hào)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

中文：他們有意或無(wú)意營(yíng)造了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的印象

修飾三：(in an effort) ，介詞短語(yǔ)

中文：努力

修飾四：(to control advertisers' use oftechniques)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

中文：控制廣告商對(duì)技術(shù)的使用

修飾五：(that make it difficult forchildren to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.) ，從句，修飾techniques

中文：這些技術(shù)使孩子很難去判斷玩具的真實(shí)大小、動(dòng)作、性能以及構(gòu)造

參考翻譯：

英國(guó)電視廣告的管理者即獨(dú)立電視委員會(huì)批評(píng)廣告商的“誤導(dǎo)”(他們有意或無(wú)意營(yíng)造了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的印象)，他們努力控制廣告商對(duì)技術(shù)的使用，這些技術(shù)使孩子很難去判斷玩具的真實(shí)大小、動(dòng)作、性能以及構(gòu)造。

這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、同位語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句：逆流交換系統(tǒng)

In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself. (TPO15, 55)

(In a countercurrent exchange system), the blood vessels (carrying cooled blood from the flippers) run close enough to the blood vessels (carrying warm blood from the body) (to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels); thus, the heat is transferred (from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels) (before it reaches the flipper itself). (TPO15, 55)

分析：

修飾一：(In a countercurrent exchange system)，介詞短語(yǔ)

中文：在逆流交換系統(tǒng)中

修飾二：(carrying cooled blood from the flippers)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，修飾the blood vessels

中文：攜帶來(lái)自鰭部的冷血

修飾三：(carrying warm blood from the body) ，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，修飾the blood vessels

中文：攜帶來(lái)自身體的溫血

修飾四：(to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels) ，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

中文：以便從帶有溫血的血管中獲取熱量

修飾五：(from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels) ，介詞短語(yǔ)

中文：由流出的血管到流進(jìn)的血管

修飾六：(before it reaches the flipper itself)，從句