地道英語是每個學習英語的人最大的夢想。今天小編給大家?guī)硌潘紝W習制勝兵法:怎樣寫出地道的英語作文,希望可以幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
雅思學習制勝兵法:怎樣寫出地道的英語作文?
在接觸英美人士的過程中,有時候你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這種所謂的表達差異性:同樣是在說明一件事情,native speaker 的表達給人的感覺要靈活簡潔很多,比如要表達“他參加了競賽”,一般人想到的可能是 "He took part in the competition ",但老外的說法可能是"He entered for the competition", “他肯定要60歲了”很可能不是"He must be nearly 60 years old" 而是"He must be going on for 60",類似的情況還有很多。
我們可以得到的啟發(fā)是:要寫出地道文章的第一步并不是一味追求所謂的大詞難詞,而是要先把最簡單的小詞和短語給學好用好。
我們有必要回頭去重新學習我們曾經(jīng)“熟視無睹”的單詞。比如"see"這個單詞看起來似乎人畜無害?但如果你去翻翻朗文詞典的話會發(fā)現(xiàn)它有幾十條釋義,有些搭配你可能見都沒見過,更別說用了,比如see through,see over sth ,see about sth,see sb/sth out 等,而這些我們認為陌生的短語和表達,可能會在母語人士的文章中被大量應用。
這些“看起來很簡單但我就是寫不出來”的東西,才是我們需要積累的東西。
應該怎樣去積累這些表達?
大量閱讀是一個方法,通過閱讀,發(fā)現(xiàn)好的表達,然后一步步積累下來,這是最正常的做法。但在這里我想說的是一種比較“極端”的方法:讀詞典。
詞典確實是可以拿來讀的,類似于上面提到的這類簡單詞,我們完全可以把詞條通讀一遍,留意一下有哪些新鮮的搭配和用法,有些可能會讓你大開眼界“居然還能這樣用”。
當然這里并不是要叫你拿一部大磚頭詞典一個個單詞去翻去查,這樣下來誰都會崩潰的。
我用技術手段做了一點微小的工作,用一種更加巧妙的方式來讀詞典。具體思路是這樣的:
1.確定有多少值得注意并認真掌握的單詞
2.把這些單詞在詞典中對應的釋義導出來
對于第一個問題,我參考了目前比較流行的柯林斯五星詞頻理念,將柯林斯五星,四星以及三星共計1000多個單詞提取出來,做成詞匯表,這些單詞就是值得我們重點掌握的小詞。有了詞匯表之后,我們還需要把這些單詞在詞典中的釋義提取出來。換句話說,其實這是一本詞匯書,而且還是定制版的。
怎么使用?你可以將它放到手機平板或者電腦上,建議把詞匯書通讀一遍,碰到好的表達就截圖或者做標記,方便日后復習。
詞匯書的下載鏈接我放在文末,如果你想自己制作詞匯書的話也可以參考這篇文章:有哪些相見恨晚的學單詞方法?
除了讀詞典之外,大量閱讀“地道”的英文材料也是一個好方法。
這里我給“地道”下的定義是:話題貼近日常生活(比如日常衣食住行,生活感悟等),實用性較高。
但這種材料并不好找?!督?jīng)濟學人》這類外刊并不一定合適,因為他們是嚴肅的政經(jīng)材料,用來準備雅思托福作文肯定沒問題,但當涉及到與日常生活相關話題時卻并不一定管用,假如現(xiàn)在讓你用英文寫一下自我介紹,你總不能用《經(jīng)濟學人》那種君臨天下指點江山的文風來寫吧。
在這里推薦一些比較好的材料:貼近生活的原版暢銷書以及電影劇本。
之所以要強調(diào)是“貼近生活的原版暢銷書”,是因為原版書也分很多類,比如經(jīng)典名著(像 1984, The Great Gatsby ),商業(yè)讀物,名人傳記,青春文學小說等。年代過于久遠的經(jīng)典以及專業(yè)性太強的讀物并不適合,我們需要的讀物應該是話題喜聞樂見,用詞鮮活地道的作品。從這個標準來看,不少暢銷小說可以滿足這個特點,比如 Gone Girl, The Time Traveler's Wife 。
另外一個需要著重介紹的材料是電影劇本。
電影字幕相信很多人都聽說過,但了解電影劇本的就比較少了。劇本除了包含臺詞(字幕)之外,還帶有人物動作的說明,劇情背景以及劇情進度的說明等。比起看電影學英語,我更加推薦“讀劇本學英語”——因為劇本中包含了電影中所有臺詞,而且還帶有大量背景說明,看完電影再讀劇本的過程就相當于把電影場景又腦補了一遍,在這個過程中對臺詞的理解會大大加深,各種鮮活的表達也能更加深刻地記憶。
我記得盜夢空間(Inception)在電影開頭有這樣一個場景:在夢境中 Nash 走到了窗邊,撥開窗簾觀察外面的情況。如果讓你來寫這個場景,你會怎么寫?
劇本中是這樣寫的 " Nash moves to the window, parts the curtains." 是的,part 在這里居然還可以當動詞用,而且用得非常自然。腦補完電影中的場景之后,相信你對 part的動詞用法再也忘不了了。
而這樣的例子在劇本中往往大量出現(xiàn),一部電影的劇本讀下來筆記都能寫好幾頁了。希望通過看電影學英語的同學可以嘗試下這種方式,找?guī)撞恐翱催^的電影,下載對應的劇本去認真讀一讀,并做好筆記,然后再重新看一遍電影,這樣收獲會比單純看電影大很多。
需要下載劇本的同學可以按 "電影關鍵詞+movie script" 的方式搜索,比如 "Inception movie script",或者可以去IMSDb(The Internet Movie Script Database)這個網(wǎng)站下載,
總結:
要像母語人士一樣寫出地道的文章并不是一件簡單的事情,它需要大量的素材積累,最簡單的小詞和短語也一定要學好用好,在這個基礎上,多接觸不同的英文材料,比如各種貼近生活的原版書,各種電影電視劇本,從這些材料中積累對于母語人士而言最自然的表達,才能慢慢寫出地道的英文。
Q&A:寫得地道的文章一定是好文章嗎?
不一定,地道與否是衡量一篇文章好壞的重要標準,但并不是唯一標準——思想和邏輯同樣重要。實際情況是,對于雅思寫作來說,即使讓一名野生老外來寫,也不一定能夠拿高分。因為比起淺層次的表達,思想與邏輯才是最難掌握的東西。除了追求語言表達地道之外,文章做到邏輯嚴密,思想深刻,才是我們最終的目標。
雅思寫作引言段的句型參考規(guī)范
1.…is a very popular topic which is much talked about not only by …but also by …家庭人口多好還是家庭人口少好是一個非常通俗的主題,不僅是城里人,而且農(nóng)民都經(jīng)常談論這個問題。
Weahter a large family is a good thing or not is a very popular topic which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farners as well.
2.There is no denying the fact that…無可否認,空氣污染是一個極其嚴重的問題:城市當局應該采取有力措施來解決它。There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extemerely serious problem:the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
3.As is known to all,…眾所周知,假冒偽劣商品損害了消費者的利益。As is known to all,fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.(=do a lot of harm to the interests of comsumers)
4.More and more people are realing the importance of …現(xiàn)在越來越多的人認識到法制教育的重要性。為了維護社會治安,我們每人都應該接受法制教育。
Tody an increaasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance .In order to keep law and order,very one of us is supposed to get(=receive)a law education.
5.From what I have mentioned above we can see clearly that…從上面我所提到的,我們可以清楚地看到,電視暴力對青少年的影響是極其深遠的。
From what I have mentoned above,we can see clearly that violence on TV has (a) great influence on young adults’ behaviour.(或 teenagers’ behavior 或 youngsters’ behavior)
雅思寫作技巧之如何突出句子的重點
有效的句子要有重點,并且要突出重點。
句子的重點可以通過下列方法,加以突出:
1. 把重點擺在句首或句尾。
一般而論,最顯眼的位置是在“句尾,其次是在句首,中間的位置最平淡,乏善可陳。例如:
(1) Incorrect grammar and improper construction invariably distract readers'attention.
(2) The history of vocabulary is, in many ways, the record of civilisation.
把重點放在句尾是種“吊胃口”的方法,讀者或聽者非得讀完或聽完整句不可。
2. 在復雜句里,把主句放在從句之后。
除了名詞從句和形容詞從句之外,因為它們位置較固定,副詞從句中有幾種的位置靈活,可以在主句之前出現(xiàn),
也可以跟在主句之后。通常我們就把這樣的副詞從句提前,重點則放在后頭的主句,如(3b):
(3a) I came upon an old classmate when I went to town yesterday.
(3b) When I went to town yesterday, I came upon an old classmate.
副詞短語更是如此,如 (4b):
(4a) Steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools because of its durability.
(4b) Beacuse of its durability, steel is commonly used to make knives,razers and other useful tools.
3. 把較重要或有分量的詞語放在后頭,如(5b)和(6b):
(5a) I was delighted and amused by the classical opera
(5b) I was amused and delighted by the classical opera.
(6a) That singer's life was tragic and brief.
(6b) That singer's life was brief and tragic.
4. 把句子中一系列的項目作邏輯性的排列。例如:
(7) Tony ate his dinner, watched TV, and then went to bed.
(8) Were you bored with years of study in elementary school, high school and institute of higher education?
5. 必要時,重復重要的語詞或概念。
例如:
(9) Jackie enjoys the company of ladies. He likes their beauty, he likes their delicacy, he likes their vivacity,
and he likes their silence.
(10) ...the land stretched out without names. Nameless headlands split the surf; nameless lakes reflected the
nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays.
6. 盡量用主動說態(tài),因此(11b)比(11a)好:
(11a) A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone.
(11b) A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head.
7. 適當時候,可用倒裝句和平行句,如:
(12) Seven dwarfs lived here in the centre of the dark forest. → Here, in the centre of the dark forest
lived seven dwarfs.
(13) Severity breeds fear; roughness breeds hatred.
(14) Honesty recommends that I speak; self-interest demands that I remain silent.
雅思寫作正文段的句型介紹
1.There are some good reasons for…(分析原因)two possible人民生活狀況的改善原因有兩點。首先,我們一直在貫徹執(zhí)行改革開放政策。其次,國民經(jīng)濟正在迅速發(fā)展,而且出生率已經(jīng)得到控制。
There are two reasons for the improvement in people’s living conditions.In the first place,we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy.Secondly,there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy .Further-more,the birth rate has been put under control.
2.My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows.In the first place,… Secondly,…Finally… solvetacklerelieve
(提出建議)我對解決這個問題的建議如下。首先,迫在眉睫的是建立自然保護區(qū)。其次,有些瀕臨滅絕的珍稀野生動物應該收捕、人工喂養(yǎng)并繁殖。最后,對于捕獵珍稀野生動物的人必須嚴懲。
My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows .To begin with,it is urgent to create nature reserves.Secondly,certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected,fed and reproduced artificially.Finally ,those who hunter them must be punished severely.
3.Different people have different opinions on this question.Some people believe that … Others problem.matter.argue that… Still others assert that…
(論述不同看法)人們對失敗持有不同的態(tài)度。面對失敗,有人能夠經(jīng)得起考驗,從失敗中汲取教訓,并努力去完成他們下定決心要做的事情。然而,另一些人卻喪失信心并退卻了。
People differ in their attitudes towards failure.Faced with it ,some of them can stand up to it .draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfii what they are determined to do.Others,however,lose heart and give in.
4.It is important (nessary, urgent, difficult, easy, expensive, desirable, abvisable, convenient, comfortable)for sb. to do sth. (發(fā)表意見)人們希望建立更多的醫(yī)院、購物中心、娛樂中心、電影院和其他公用設施來滿足人民日益增長的需求。It is desirable to build more hospitals,shopping centres,recreation centres,cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.
5.As a popular saying goes “Everything has two sides.” (分析利弊)常言道:“事物總是一分為二的”。如今人們從科技發(fā)明中得到越來越多的好處。另一方面,科技進步也給我們帶來了許多麻煩。現(xiàn)在許多國家的人民飽嘗公害之苦。
As a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides.” Now people (the public)are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. On the other hand,the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. People in many countries are srffering from public hazards.
6.For example, … (舉例闡述)For instance, …Let’s take …for examlpe.就拿汽車為例。汽車不僅污染城市空氣,而且使城市擁擠不堪。此外,汽車造成許多交通事故。汽車所產(chǎn)生的噪音使居住在街道兩旁的居民日夜不得安寧。
Les’s take cars for example.They not only pollute the air in cities,but make them crowed.Furthermore,they carse a lot of traffic accidents. (…, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents.) The noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.
7.It is generally believed that …accepted (引證觀點)thoughtheld普遍認為,在發(fā)達國家人口增長的主要原因與其說是出生率的上升,還不如說是由于醫(yī)療保健的改善的使死亡率下降了。
It is generally believed (=thought) that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed coutries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.8. …causes (produces, brings about, leads to, results in …)
(因果關系)毫無疑問,需求的增長導致了價格的上漲。
There is no doubt that the increase in demand causes(results in/leads to) the rise in prices.
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