托福聽力中歷史類話題的出現(xiàn)概率很高,可以說是比較熱門的話題之一了。因此掌握其內(nèi)容重點(diǎn)可以有效提升考生的聽力解題正確率。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈B犃Ω哳l歷史類話題如何聽重點(diǎn),希望能夠幫助到大家,一起來學(xué)習(xí)吧。
托福聽力高頻歷史類話題如何聽重點(diǎn)
托福聽力歷史話題關(guān)鍵要素:主題關(guān)鍵詞
主題關(guān)鍵詞總是會出現(xiàn)和發(fā)展、起源或者歷史相關(guān)的詞匯(e.g develpoment, change, origin, historical),舉例來說:
Professor: And what instrument comes to mind when you think of rock ‘n' roll?
Student: The electric Guitar?
Professor: Exactly. I think it's fair to say that the sound of the electric guitar typifies the rock ‘n’ roll genre,which became popular in the 1950s. But really the instrument we know today was the result of a continuing development that started for our practical purposes in the 1920s. But long before that even,people were experimenting with ways to modify traditional acoustic guitars.
注意到文章開頭做了兩件事情:一. 提出話題“ Electrical Guitar”; 二. 提出了歷史類文章要素, 教授說到電吉他是一個“the result of a continuing development” 而且人們很早之前就開始“ modify acoustic guitar”,自然而然我們就能推測文章是要講電吉他是如何發(fā)展起來的。
托福聽力歷史話題關(guān)鍵要素:影響
所謂影響,其中包括話題的發(fā)展;發(fā)展過程中所受到的影響;其所產(chǎn)生的影響;具體的影響是什么,怎么影響的。來看下例:
The first guitars were wooden. This is the Spanish guitar and the strings were made from animal products. Then came steel strings. And that led to the lap guitar,which is also called the steel guitar because the player slides a steel rod up and down the neck. And those are all acoustic guitars. OK?
But then eventually we have electric guitars. Over the years,many inventors and musicians contributed to the design of these instruments. And each design was intended to alter the sound in some way,at first at least with the electric guitar,to make it louder.
很明顯的,教授接下來就開始講到吉他的發(fā)展過程,第一種吉他,wooden aka spanish guitar;接著steel guitar;lap guitar;然后有了electric guitar。而且重點(diǎn)說到“ 很多的發(fā)明者和音樂家對這種樂器的設(shè)計做出了貢獻(xiàn),而且每次的修改的目的就是為了改變電吉他的聲音,也就是要素中提到的對話題的影響。
托福聽力歷史話題關(guān)鍵要素:時間
歷史類話題的第三個關(guān)鍵要素是時間。當(dāng)然,大家可能會注意到,下面例子提到的具體的時間點(diǎn)貌似只有兩個1890s 和1920s。但是總的來講,歷史類的文章,時間順序是一件非常關(guān)鍵的事情,因為在講到某個事物的發(fā)展總是會從前往后說,提醒一點(diǎn)的是,時間本身不重要,只要搞明白誰前誰后即可。
So let's get back to when the steel guitar was first introduced in the United States. It was right after the Spanish-American war in the late 1890s. US sailors who were stationed in Hawaii—then a US territory—were very enamored with the music they heard there. Uh,Hawaiian music was based on the steel guitar I just described. Some sailors learned how to play the steel guitar and brought it home to the States. Before long,Hawaiian steel guitar music was all the rage in the mainland US. It actually had a strong influence on the development of several musical genres,rock ‘n' roll most notably,but also jazz and blues.
Anyway,by the 1920s,with the advent of the public dance movement,people were gathering in large groups to listen to steel guitar music. But they had trouble hearing it,especially in large public settings. As I mentioned,the instrument was played horizontally,on the lap. Since the strings faced upward,the sound was projected toward the ceiling rather than outward toward the audience. Something had to be done,because the music venues and the audience kept getting larger and larger.
托福聽力歷史話題關(guān)鍵要素:話題特點(diǎn)和任務(wù)
在時間要素之后出現(xiàn)的就是要素四:話題的特點(diǎn)以及時有時無的要素五:人物,一般這兩點(diǎn)都是融合在一起的。
Electrified guitars already existed by the time Les Paul came into the picture around 1940. What Paul did was experiment with ways of removing the distortions and he succeeded. He designed a guitar with a solid body that relied solely on electronics. Paul's solid body eliminated the vibrations,and thus the distortions.
此處教授講到Les Paul此人對于電吉他的修改,使得電吉他有了一個”solid body” , 減少了聲音失真的狀況。
尤其要注意,如果一篇文章出現(xiàn)了好幾個人和一個事物的好幾個特點(diǎn)的時候,一定要警覺起來,區(qū)分清楚哪個特點(diǎn),屬于哪個人物,這通常都是要出難題的前兆。
托福聽力:突破三大障礙得高分
一詞匯障礙
在托??荚嚨母鱾€項目中,詞匯掌握的越扎實(shí),備考之路也就是越通暢。同樣,在托福聽力的考試中,場景類的材料占有很大的比重,其中涉及到很多有關(guān)場景類的詞匯。而正因為這樣,熟練的識別、拼寫出場景詞匯,成了能否取得高分的重要因素。所以,在托福聽力備考過程中,整理好一些常用的場景詞匯,對于聽力的備考是會帶來很大幫助的。而特別是一些難度卻較大的場景。比如 pass the exam with flying colors 意為以優(yōu)異成績通過考試,就不能僅僅詞匯表面上含義加以簡單的理解。
二速度障礙
對于初入托福聽力的備考學(xué)生來說,“聽力速度跟不上”幾乎是所有人都會遇到的一個問題。而要解決這樣的問題,其實(shí)也并沒有其他什么特別的技巧,練習(xí)就是一的方法了。建議大家可以在每天早晨聽一些跟考試難易程度比較接近的練習(xí)題,甚至進(jìn)行一定的跟讀,使耳朵在考試前就熱身起來。這樣長時間的堅持會讓自己的耳朵在聽力考試的時間段內(nèi)很快進(jìn)入狀態(tài)
三情緒障礙
即使在托福聽力備考中練習(xí)的非常完美,有時難免還會在考場上有失手的情況的。因為,托福聽力的考試中總是還會涉及到一些情緒控制的問題。比如,如果在道題目中我們就感到緊張,就會導(dǎo)致自己很難進(jìn)入考試狀態(tài),之后也就讓自己錯誤連篇了。因此考生需要在考試當(dāng)天早上起來后聽一些有關(guān)托福聽力考試的練習(xí)題,這樣可以保證在考試的時候不至于耳生,情緒也會相對的保持一個穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)。
總之,對于我們初入聽力備考的學(xué)生來說,在進(jìn)入備考狀態(tài)的過程中,總是會有一些高分障礙。
托福聽力:描述事物的順序
1. 時間順序。
在敘說一個事物史的發(fā)展的時候,通常是采取時間漸進(jìn)的方式來敘述。先怎么樣,再怎么樣,后怎么樣。
2. 空間順序。
在介紹一個事物的時候,也會采用空間移動的順序。里面怎么樣,外面怎么樣,前面怎么樣,后面怎么樣,上面怎么樣,下面怎么樣。
3. 好壞順序。
在介紹新產(chǎn)品的時候,往往會先說它的幾個優(yōu)點(diǎn),然后再說它缺點(diǎn)。在介紹某種現(xiàn)象的時候,也會先說它帶來的好處,再說它的壞處。
注意:對于分類,也許還不太完善。也許不太合理,也許還有其他的遺漏。而且有的時候,托??荚嚶犃ξ恼峦ǔ莾煞N順序交叉或者交替進(jìn)行。其實(shí)不管怎么樣分,聽的過程中主要是聽清分點(diǎn)和結(jié)構(gòu),提供的這些順序,只是幫助大家記憶的。我們在托福聽力文章的時候就得抓住如上重點(diǎn),聽完后得知道文章說了哪幾點(diǎn),是采取什么順序來組織的。
當(dāng)聽出文章的結(jié)構(gòu)來后,我們自然能把握好文章的主題,這樣TOPIC題和尾巴題就不在話下了,而對于做細(xì)節(jié)題,也同樣非常有幫助的。因為大家知道,TOEFL是順序出題的,了解了結(jié)構(gòu),對于第幾題對應(yīng)那個段,自然是非常清楚。