托福聽(tīng)力中有很多考生比較容易出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題，比如慢熱，俗稱“沒(méi)感覺(jué)”，走神，下面小編就和大家分享托福聽(tīng)力出題帶你該如何辨別呢，希望能夠幫助到大家，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
托福聽(tīng)力出題你該如何辨別呢?
首先是做托福筆記的方法：我個(gè)人的習(xí)慣差不多每個(gè)段子都能寫一面紙。這里的確有很多內(nèi)容是無(wú)用的，但如果遇到口音重、句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的文章，一邊記一邊聽(tīng)有困難，我就會(huì)放棄大量筆記，只寫關(guān)鍵詞。
在完全不知道題目在問(wèn)什么的時(shí)候，根據(jù)一個(gè)詞兒定位，再回憶原文，可能會(huì)有一定的幫助。至于Lecture，一般我會(huì)用線條把草稿紙分割成“田”或 “用”字的樣式，寫下關(guān)鍵詞以后，如果教授說(shuō)：我講的這個(gè)東西啊，有三個(gè)類別/三個(gè)發(fā)展階段/三個(gè)解決方式，就在“用”字紙張上寫，左邊每一格寫關(guān)鍵分類 詞，右邊對(duì)應(yīng)格兒寫特點(diǎn)和評(píng)價(jià)。
有例子、學(xué)生提問(wèn)、奇怪語(yǔ)氣的地方打上標(biāo)記。這種情況下一般能網(wǎng)羅一半以上的題目。 順便說(shuō)一句，我覺(jué)得這個(gè)筆記方法對(duì)于口語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)也是適用的，我口語(yǔ)不算高只有26，但后四題都是good，不得不說(shuō)筆記功勞大大的。
記筆記的同時(shí)要判斷出題點(diǎn)。很多人都說(shuō)出題點(diǎn)可以預(yù)見(jiàn)，我個(gè)人也覺(jué)得托福聽(tīng)力至少有50%的題目在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候就能判斷了，這部分的分?jǐn)?shù)要拿穩(wěn)。
第一是主題題。這啥也不用說(shuō)了，必考，這樣一來(lái)，6道題搞定了。
第二是奇怪語(yǔ)氣。這個(gè)也很好判斷，我個(gè)人覺(jué)得有：“結(jié)巴和長(zhǎng)停頓”，“打斷別人說(shuō)話”、“夸張的發(fā)音和語(yǔ)氣的”等。
第三是我自己的感覺(jué)。如果是總分-列舉型的文章，最后一個(gè)列舉考到可能性非常大。所以如果前兩個(gè)都沒(méi)聽(tīng)明白，別放棄，因?yàn)樽詈罂赡艹鲱}的是最后一個(gè)。
即使考不到最后一個(gè)，考了很難的“特點(diǎn)匹配”的好幾分的題目，你至少可以用最后一個(gè)分類的特點(diǎn)來(lái)排除。所以最后一個(gè)一定要認(rèn)真聽(tīng)。
2020托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)：地衣含有三種以上成分
Lichens. They're probably the most common example of two organisms living in a symbiotic relationship. There's a fungus and a photosynthesizing partner, like algae. It's a bond that was born, as they say, when "Alice Algae," took a "lichen" to "Freddie Fungus."
But that simple description covered up a larger mystery: how could two different lichen species combine the same building blocks—same fungus, same algae—"and yet they look very different, have very different chemistry, and some of them even have distinctly different ecology."
Toby Spribille, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Montana, and the University of Graz in Austria.
He and his colleagues studied two lichen species that fit that bill. Same underlying parts, different color and chemistry. They ground the lichens up, and then analyzed their RNA. What they expected to find was two genomes: one fungus, one alga. "And what we found is that, at the end of a lot of analysis, we had was three genomes, not two.And this was really surprising."
The third genome was from a type of yeast. And the more yeast was present, the more yellowish—and more toxic—the lichen was. The study appears in the journal Science.
But how could scientists spend so many years studying these lichens—and still miss this crucial third species? Spribille says it could have been the type of genetic sequencing. Previous studies relied on DNA barcodes, which only sample some of the genome, to identify the underlying fungus and alga. Sort of like identifying the occupants of a completely dark room by shouting out a few names and seeing who answers.
What Spribille did, instead, was just turn all the lights on, with whole genome sequencing, revealing the identity of all occupants, and in doing so, "we eliminated anything that required going in and calling out somebody's name so to speak."
As for whether some lichens might have four, five species? "I certainly wouldn't rule it out at this point." Because this study indicates lichens are truly more than the sum of their parts. Including, of course, the parts we still don't know about.
地衣可能是兩種生物以共生關(guān)系存在的最常見(jiàn)例子。地衣由1種真菌和1種光合生物(如藻類)組成。這種聯(lián)系是固有的，就像他們說(shuō)的，“愛(ài)麗絲藻類”和“弗雷迪真菌”共生形成地衣。
但是這種簡(jiǎn)單的描述掩蓋了一個(gè)更深?yuàn)W的秘密：兩種不同的地衣物種如何結(jié)合同樣的成分——即同樣的真菌和同樣的藻類，“而且，它們看上去非常不同，它們的化學(xué)成分也不同，有些地衣甚至有著明顯不同的生態(tài)?！薄?/p>
托比·斯普利比爾是蒙大拿大學(xué)和奧地利格拉茨大學(xué)的進(jìn)化生物學(xué)家。
他和同事對(duì)符合上述條件的兩種地衣進(jìn)行了研究。這兩種地衣的基本成分相同，但顏色和化學(xué)成分不同。他們將地衣磨碎，然后分析了它們的核糖核酸。他們?cè)詾闀?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)基因組：一個(gè)是真菌，另一個(gè)是藻類?！暗詈?，在進(jìn)行大量分析以后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的是三個(gè)基因組，而不是兩個(gè)。這真是太讓人驚訝了?！?/p>
第三個(gè)基因組來(lái)自于一種酵母。酵母的含量越多，地衣顏色越黃，毒性也越強(qiáng)。這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上。
但是，科學(xué)家們?cè)趺磿?huì)在研究地衣多年后仍未發(fā)現(xiàn)這至關(guān)重要的第三物種?斯普利比爾表示，可能是由于基因測(cè)序的方法不一樣。此前的研究依賴于DNA條形碼，只是對(duì)這一基因組中的一部分進(jìn)行抽樣調(diào)查，用以確認(rèn)潛在的真菌和藻類。這就好像在一間完全黑暗的房間里，通過(guò)喊出幾個(gè)名字，看看誰(shuí)作出回答，來(lái)確定居住者身份。
而斯普利比爾的做法是，打開(kāi)房間內(nèi)所有的燈，通過(guò)全基因組測(cè)序來(lái)揭示所有居住者的身份，并且通過(guò)這種方法，“可以說(shuō)，我們不需要進(jìn)入房間喊出某人的名字?！?/p>
至于是否有地衣含有第四或第五種成分?“現(xiàn)在我不能完全排除這一可能性。”因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)研究表明，地衣不僅僅是各部分的單純相加。還包括我們目前尚不知道的成分。
重點(diǎn)講解：
1. cover up 隱藏，遮掩(事實(shí));
例句：He suspects there's a conspiracy to cover up the crime.
他懷疑有人密謀掩蓋犯罪事實(shí)。
2. grind up 磨碎;碾碎;將…磨成粉;
例句：We grind up the wheat to make flour.
我們把小麥磨成面粉。
3. rely on 依賴;依靠;
例句：We must rely on ourselves, no other option.
我們必須依靠自己,沒(méi)有其他選擇.
4. shout out 大聲說(shuō)出;大聲喊出;
例句：When I call your name, shout out so that we know you're here.
當(dāng)我叫到你的名字時(shí)請(qǐng)大聲響應(yīng), 以便大家知道你來(lái)了。
5. turn on 打開(kāi)(設(shè)備);接通(…的供應(yīng));
例句：I want to turn on the television.
我想開(kāi)電視。
6. so to speak 可以說(shuō);可謂;
例句：But for young people it presents an opportunity to follow the sun, so to speak.
但對(duì)年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，卻可以說(shuō)是追尋生活樂(lè)趣的良機(jī)。
7. rule out 排除;不予考慮;
例句：I think we can rule out the possibility of objection to us.
我認(rèn)為我們可以排除有人反對(duì)我們的可能性。
2020托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)：選民不會(huì)背競(jìng)選演講所影響
Donald Trump hasn't been running the most traditional campaign. And it's not just the unfiltered tweets. "He's neglecting campaigning full stop." Thomas Wood, an assistant professor of political science at Ohio State. "He's had about half as many public events as his opponent."
Wood's own campaign experience was with the Romney/Ryan ticket back in 2012. Every night, the campaign surveyed thousands of voters... 64,000 over all... asking them how they felt about the politicians, after a local visit. That is, if the voters actually knew about the visit.
"Instead of seeing candidate X visiting somewhere in Pensacola they're now seeing candidate X visit somewhere in their local market. And it's not really filtering through to that many folks that the visit was there—you know one event sort of looks like the other. They all sort of blend into each other. It's hard to make it clear to the person who's just watching the evening news that this was a visit in your local marketplace."
In other words, visits didn't even register for most locals or those in adjacent markets. And the voters' opinions of the candidates went up just a measly couple percent after local visits—before fading back to baseline a few days later. So despite the huge investment of time and money, the local campaign stops were pretty worthless—at least from a numbers standpoint. The findings are in the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.
As for this election season—any advice for the noncampaigning candidate? "I would provide advice that has nothing to do with his frequency of visits. I'd be providing advice as to how one comports oneself with the national press, try to earn some goodwill. I guess just being polite. I would say that Trump's sort of lethargic process of campaigning is probably the least of his worries." Better, he says, to just spend more time fundraising. To throw more cash at things that really work: like get-out-the-vote campaigns, and ads. Then again…Twitter's free.
唐納德·特朗普沒(méi)有用最傳統(tǒng)的競(jìng)選方法組織競(jìng)選活動(dòng)。這并不是僅指他未經(jīng)過(guò)濾的推文。“他完全忽視了這是總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選演講?！蓖旭R斯·伍德是俄亥俄州立大學(xué)政治學(xué)的助理教授?！疤乩势盏墓不顒?dòng)只有其對(duì)手的一半?！?/p>
伍德曾在2012年跟隨羅姆尼和瑞安的競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行競(jìng)選活動(dòng)。當(dāng)時(shí)，競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)每天晚上都要調(diào)查數(shù)千名選民，調(diào)查人數(shù)可能高達(dá)6.4萬(wàn)人，在政治家走訪當(dāng)?shù)睾笤儐?wèn)選民對(duì)他們的看法。前提是選民知道當(dāng)?shù)氐母?jìng)選活動(dòng)。
“某位候選人沒(méi)有前往彭薩科拉的某個(gè)地方，而是去到當(dāng)?shù)氐氖袌?chǎng)。對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，去哪里訪問(wèn)都一樣，因?yàn)楦?jìng)選活動(dòng)看起來(lái)差不多。這些活動(dòng)會(huì)互相融合。對(duì)正在看晚間新聞的人來(lái)說(shuō)，很難弄清楚新聞里的人正在當(dāng)?shù)厥袌?chǎng)進(jìn)行訪問(wèn)?！?/p>
換言之，對(duì)大多數(shù)當(dāng)?shù)厝嘶蚴桥R近市場(chǎng)的大多數(shù)居民來(lái)說(shuō)，這些訪問(wèn)并沒(méi)有記錄。在當(dāng)?shù)卦L問(wèn)結(jié)束后，選民對(duì)候選人的意見(jiàn)只會(huì)帶來(lái)可憐的幾個(gè)百分點(diǎn)的上漲，而幾天后支持率又會(huì)退回到基準(zhǔn)線。所以，盡管投入了大量的資金和時(shí)間，地方競(jìng)選活動(dòng)其實(shí)并沒(méi)有什么價(jià)值——至少?gòu)臄?shù)據(jù)來(lái)看可以這么說(shuō)。該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《美國(guó)政治和社會(huì)科學(xué)學(xué)院年報(bào)》上。
就今年的競(jìng)選季來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)沒(méi)有進(jìn)行競(jìng)選活動(dòng)的候選人有什么建議?“我提供的建議可能與他們的競(jìng)選頻率沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系。我的建議是：候選人若想讓自己的形象同國(guó)家新聞報(bào)道的相一致，那就努力去獲得信譽(yù)。我認(rèn)為候選人要有禮貌。我想說(shuō)，特朗普有些昏沉的競(jìng)選過(guò)程可能是他最不擔(dān)心的?！彼f(shuō)，最好將更多時(shí)間花費(fèi)在籌集資金上。將錢用到真正有用的地方：比如動(dòng)員投票活動(dòng)、廣告等。當(dāng)然還有免費(fèi)的推特。
重點(diǎn)講解：
1. instead of 代替…;而不是…;
例句：He should have shot instead of passing.
他本該射門，不該傳球。
2. blend into 融入;與…融為一體;與…協(xié)調(diào);
例句：I tried to blend into the crowd, but I was obviously not dressed for the occasion.
我試圖融入人群中,但很明顯我的穿著不適合這種場(chǎng)合。
3. in other words 換言之;換句話說(shuō);也就是說(shuō);
例句：In other words, the quality of the candidates was the decisive factor.
換言之，人才是最后的決定因素。
4. as for 至于…;
例句：As for his moral character, he is also prais
