托福聽力備考中通過(guò)變速聽音頻素材來(lái)訓(xùn)練的做法并不少見，今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了托福聽力備考慢速英語(yǔ)練習(xí)方法技巧講解，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力備考慢速英語(yǔ)練習(xí)方法技巧講解

托福聽力慢速英語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練方法分析

考生由于方法的失策，造成把大量的時(shí)間精力投入其中，可是回報(bào)卻難以和付出平衡，收效甚微。從慢速英語(yǔ)入手是真正科學(xué)的聽力突破方法。下載相關(guān)的聽力資料后，用播放軟件進(jìn)行慢速播放，慢速英語(yǔ)的單詞量是1500到2000，也就是說(shuō)一個(gè)比較好的高中生的單詞量已經(jīng)超過(guò)了許多，更何況要準(zhǔn)備托福聽力考試的同學(xué)。而慢速播放下如果還聽不懂，那么唯一原因就絕對(duì)不是生詞的問題，只能是考生對(duì)這個(gè)單詞的發(fā)音極其陌生，大腦根本沒有反映。如果讓考生看一看原文，考生會(huì)不屑一顧的。但在聽的時(shí)候卻不知所云。

慢速訓(xùn)練提升發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確性

接下來(lái)要做的就是要保證這一段錄音考生是完完全全的聽懂了。什么是完完全全的聽懂了呢?就是每聽完一句話，考生都能準(zhǔn)確的復(fù)述出來(lái)，包括每一個(gè)單詞。這里在語(yǔ)音上不是很好的朋友要注意了，由于是慢速英語(yǔ)，所以只要考生有正常的聽力能力再加上一定的毅力，就完全可以把自己的發(fā)音模仿的和播音員沒什么兩樣。發(fā)音是一個(gè)人的英語(yǔ)門面。如果考生按照這樣的方法用心練習(xí)，不出一兩個(gè)月，你的發(fā)音就會(huì)有長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。

中國(guó)考生需正視口語(yǔ)問題

其實(shí)我們大多數(shù)中國(guó)人的模仿發(fā)音天賦都是很好的，隨便叫出一名大學(xué)四級(jí)通過(guò)的大學(xué)生，發(fā)音就要比我所見到的意大利人，日本人，菲律賓人的發(fā)音不知要好多少倍。其實(shí)我們中國(guó)學(xué)生在口語(yǔ)和聽力上缺陷主要有兩個(gè)原因:一是缺乏練習(xí)。這也是傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方法的遺憾。也是這種只注重書面的"分析英語(yǔ)"的受害者。二是缺乏勇氣。老是害怕自己會(huì)說(shuō)錯(cuò)，害怕丟臉。除非你是在國(guó)外長(zhǎng)大，英語(yǔ)就是母語(yǔ)，你可以"自豪"的說(shuō):我就是說(shuō)錯(cuò)了那也是對(duì)的，因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)是我的母語(yǔ)。而托?？忌延⒄Z(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)是不可能不犯錯(cuò)誤的，多犯錯(cuò)誤是為了少犯錯(cuò)誤。

這樣一句一句直到把每一句話完全"吃掉"，已經(jīng)基本上可以保證考生已聽懂了這段文章。把這種方法推廣到考生之后的托福聽力真題中，加上勤加練習(xí)，過(guò)一段時(shí)間后相信大家就會(huì)開始適應(yīng)并喜歡上托福的聽力考試題了。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：人類是超級(jí)捕食者

Small carnivores—like foxes or raccoons or badgers—are themselves prey for larger predators—like wolves. So they spend time hiding instead of hunting. This influence that big predators have on their ecosystem is called a "landscape of fear." But humans are wiping out most of the world's big predators. Which you might assume is good news for the small ones.

But some researchers think that humans exert our own landscape of fear. Those foxes, raccoons and badgers just keep on hiding—only now, they're hiding from us. In reality, the situation may be far worse.

"Humans kill these smaller carnivores, so things like raccoons and foxes that we have here in North America, European badgers that they have in the U.K. and elsewhere in Europe, and we kill them at a rate that's four times greater than their conventional large carnivore predators..."

Liana Zanette of Western University in London, Ontario.

"Because our killing of these smaller carnivores is kind of off the scale, we're considered the superpredator."

To see how humans have altered the landscape of fear, Zanette and her team traveled to a small forest that's home to lots of European badgers near Oxford in the U.K. They used hidden speakers to broadcast the sounds of bears and wolves—two historic predators, both of which are no longer a threat. They also played the sounds of sheep, dogs and people. Hidden cameras recorded the badgers' willingness to look for food outside of their burrows as those sounds were played.

They discovered that the badgers have retained some of their fear of bear sounds, and know that dogs still pose a threat. But they've lost their fear of wolves.

"They treated the wolf calls just like the sheep calls."

Despite their fear of bears and dogs, the badgers still eventually went out to eat amid their sounds. But when they heard people "they would not emerge from their burrows at all until the human sounds were completely off. So they would cower in their burrows for the two hours that the sounds were on, waiting for those human sounds to go off."

In other words, they were leery of bears but were downright terrified of us. The findings are in the journal Behavioral Ecology.

"The badgers recognize who their enemies are...they have recognized humans as their principle threat."

狐貍、浣熊、獾等小型食肉動(dòng)物是狼等較大食肉動(dòng)物的獵物。所以它們大部分時(shí)間在躲藏而不是捕獵。這種大型捕食者對(duì)小型動(dòng)物生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響被稱為 “恐懼景觀”。不過(guò)人類正在毀滅世界上大部分大型捕食動(dòng)物。你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這對(duì)小型食肉動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)好消息。

但是一些研究人員認(rèn)為，人類正在施加我們自己的“恐懼景觀”的作用。導(dǎo)致狐貍，浣熊和獾繼續(xù)保持躲藏的狀態(tài)，雖然現(xiàn)在它們只是躲著我們。但實(shí)際上，情況可能會(huì)更糟。

“人類獵殺這些小型食肉動(dòng)物，所以像北美洲的浣熊和狐貍以及英國(guó)和歐洲其他地方的歐洲獾，人類對(duì)它們的獵殺率比它們傳統(tǒng)意義上的天敵——大型食肉動(dòng)物對(duì)它們的獵殺率要高4倍?！?/p>

利亞納·詹尼特來(lái)自安大略省倫敦西大學(xué)。

“因?yàn)槲覀內(nèi)祟悓?duì)這些小型動(dòng)物的獵殺屬于超標(biāo)情況，所以人類應(yīng)該被視為超級(jí)捕食者?！?/p>

為了查明人類是如何改變這種“恐懼景觀”的，詹尼特和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)前往英國(guó)牛津郡附近的一個(gè)小森林，那里是大量歐洲獾的棲息地。他們使用隱藏的揚(yáng)聲器播放熊和狼的聲音，這兩種曾經(jīng)的捕食者現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再構(gòu)成威脅了。他們還播放了綿羊、犬類和人類的聲音。隱藏?cái)z像機(jī)對(duì)獾在聽到這些聲音時(shí)是否愿意出洞覓食的情況進(jìn)行了記錄。

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，獾對(duì)熊仍有一些恐懼，而且它們知道狗也對(duì)他們構(gòu)成威脅。不過(guò)它們已經(jīng)不再害怕狼。

“它們對(duì)狼叫的反應(yīng)和聽到羊叫差不多?！?/p>

雖然獾仍然害怕熊和狗，但是它們最后還是在這些動(dòng)物的叫聲中外出覓食。但是當(dāng)它們聽到人類的聲音時(shí)，“直到人類的聲音完全消失以后，它們才肯從洞里出來(lái)。所以在人類聲音播放的兩個(gè)小時(shí)里，它們可能會(huì)躲在洞里發(fā)抖，等待人類的聲音消失?！?/p>

換言之，獾對(duì)熊保持警覺，但是對(duì)我們?nèi)祟悇t是徹底的恐懼。這一研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《行為生態(tài)學(xué)》期刊上。

“獾認(rèn)出了誰(shuí)是它們的敵人……它們把人類當(dāng)作它們的主要威脅?！?/p>

重點(diǎn)講解：

1. wipe out 摧毀;毀滅;使滅絕;

例句：Some animals have been wiped out through ignorance.

有些動(dòng)物由于人們的無(wú)知而滅絕了。

2. in reality 事實(shí)上;實(shí)際上;

例句：The house looks very old, but in reality it's quite new.

這房子看起來(lái)很舊，實(shí)際上很新。

3. in other words 換言之;換句話說(shuō);也就是說(shuō);

例句：In other words, she must give up singing.

換言之，她必須放棄唱歌。

4. be leery of 猜疑的;警覺的;有戒心的;

例句：I tend to be a bit leery of cut-price bargains.

我對(duì)減價(jià)商品有點(diǎn)戒心。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：皮膚變色有助氣候控制與交流

Various animals evolved coloration that keeps them hidden. A jaguar's patterns help it slink undetected across the sun-dappled rainforest floor. The mottled pigmentation on the wings of some let them rest on tree bark undisturbed. And then there are animals that can quickly change their appearance—for example, the Central Bearded Dragon.

This two-foot-long lizard lives in the more arid parts of Australia.

"They can change color really quickly, just in a matter of seconds or minutes."

University of Melbourne biologist Katie Smith.

"And they do this by moving pigments within specialized skin cells called chromatophores."

Bearded dragons modify their colors for camouflage, or to maintain their body temperature, or to communicate with other dragons. Smith wanted to know how they meet all those needs with the same tool kit.

So she and her team rounded up twelve bearded dragons and put them through a series of tests before releasing them back into the wild. They found that when the dragons want to communicate with other members of their species, they change the colors on their neck.

"This is actually one of the reasons they're called bearded dragons—because they look like they have a really serious five o'clock shadow."

Changes to their backs were for temperature regulation. Shifting to yellow lets them to cool off during extreme heat, while darker greys allow them to soak up more heat during cooler weather.

"They actually save about, on average, 22 minutes a day at the darker colors than the lighter colors. That's about 85 hours throughout the whole year."

Eighty-five hours a year NOT spent out in the open and exposed to potential predators. The results were published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society: B.

The lizards can clearly control each part of their body separately, resulting in an efficient system. Temperature regulation involves the back, which is facing the sun. Social signaling uses the neck, easily visible to another lizard they're faced off with.

The researchers' next task is to see what happens when the lizards have to deal with simultaneous but conflicting coloration requirements—situations that could give a bearded dragon a close shave.

很多動(dòng)物會(huì)進(jìn)化顏色讓自己隱藏起來(lái)。美洲豹身上的斑紋讓它可以在陽(yáng)光斑駁的雨林地帶潛行。一些動(dòng)物翅膀上的斑駁沉著色素可以讓它們?cè)跇渖闲菹r(shí)不被打擾。另外，還有些動(dòng)物可以快速改變它們的外表，比如鬃獅蜥。

這種兩英尺長(zhǎng)的蜥蜴生活在澳大利亞的干旱地區(qū)。

“它們可以非?？焖俚馗淖冾伾瑑H僅只需要幾秒鐘或者幾分鐘的時(shí)間?！?/p>

凱蒂·史密斯是墨爾本大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家。

“它們通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)移特定皮膚內(nèi)細(xì)胞內(nèi)的色素來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的?！?/p>

鬃獅蜥通過(guò)改變自己的顏色進(jìn)行偽裝、保持體溫，或和其他鬃獅蜥進(jìn)行交流。史密斯想知道擁有同樣保護(hù)偽裝的鬃獅蜥是如何滿足這些需求的。

所以，她和自己的團(tuán)隊(duì)找了十二只鬃獅蜥，對(duì)它們進(jìn)行了一系列的測(cè)試，然后再把它們放回野外。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)鬃獅蜥想和本物種的其他成員進(jìn)行交流時(shí)，它們會(huì)改變自己頸部的顏色。

“這實(shí)際上是它們被稱為長(zhǎng)鬃獅蜥的原因之一，因?yàn)樗鼈兛雌饋?lái)像長(zhǎng)了胡須?！?/p>

鬃獅蜥改變背部的顏色是為了調(diào)節(jié)溫度。變成黃色可以讓它們?cè)诳釤岬奶鞖庵袥鏊聛?lái)，而變成深灰色可以讓鬃獅蜥在寒冷的天氣吸收更多的熱量。

“實(shí)際上平均而言，它們每天呈現(xiàn)深顏色的時(shí)間要比淺顏色的時(shí)間少22分鐘。那么一年也就長(zhǎng)達(dá)85個(gè)小時(shí)?！?/p>

這也就意味著它們一年有85個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間沒有在戶外，而且不會(huì)接觸到可能的捕食者。這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《皇家學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)報(bào)B》上。

鬃獅蜥可以明確地控制自身各個(gè)部分，從而形成一個(gè)有效的系統(tǒng)。在有陽(yáng)光時(shí)，可以調(diào)節(jié)背部的顏色。社交的時(shí)候調(diào)節(jié)頸部的顏色，讓另一只鬃獅蜥清楚地看到它們面臨的情況。

研究人員的下一個(gè)任務(wù)是觀察鬃獅蜥在處理同時(shí)發(fā)生又相相互沖突的變色要求時(shí)會(huì)有什么情況發(fā)生，那可能是讓它們死里逃生的情況。

重點(diǎn)講解：

1. round up 使聚攏;使聚集;

例句：He had sought work as a cowboy, rounding up cattle.

他找了一份放牛的差事，負(fù)責(zé)把牛趕到一起。

2. cool off (使)變涼;(使)涼快下來(lái);

例句：Maybe he's trying to cool off out there in the rain.

可能他是想在雨里涼快一下。

3. soak up 吸收;

例句：The cells will promptly start to soak up moisture.

細(xì)胞會(huì)立即開始吸收水分。

4. on average 平均起來(lái);按平均值;

例句：On average, Mr. Kelly works out four days a week for at least an hour at a time.

凱利平均每周鍛煉四天，每次至少鍛煉一個(gè)小時(shí)。

5. result in 導(dǎo)致;引起;造成;

例句：His carelessness results in a serious blunder.

他的粗枝大葉導(dǎo)致他犯了一個(gè)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

6. a close shave 幸免于難;僥幸脫險(xiǎn);

例句：His life is no longer in danger, but it was a close shave.

他不再有生命危險(xiǎn)了，但那真是死里逃生。