托福聽力提升學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)科詞匯攻略分享

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托福聽力如何提升正確率?常見解題思維陷阱講解。今天小編給大家?guī)砹恕⊥懈Ｂ犃θ绾翁嵘_率，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力如何提升正確率?常見解題思維陷阱講解

托福聽力解題思維陷阱：由關(guān)鍵詞引發(fā)的錯誤

托福聽力陷阱選項中有一種迷惑型極強的選項，里面包含了原文中的某些關(guān)鍵詞，但是整句話做了細(xì)節(jié)篡改導(dǎo)致似是而非，有些同學(xué)由于只看到關(guān)鍵詞而沒有仔細(xì)翻譯整個選項的意思就做出選擇導(dǎo)致選錯。

舉個例子：

What characteristic of no to the nioids helps them survive in subfreezing temperatures?

A. They maintain an unusually high body temperature.

B. A special tissue in their eyes enables them to see through ice.

C. Special proteins make their blood circulate too fast to freeze.

D. Ice crystals in their bodies are prevented from growing large enough to harm them.

這道題原文中的表述是no to the nioids這種南極魚由于體內(nèi)有某種蛋白質(zhì)導(dǎo)致它們能在零度以下的水溫里生存，很多同學(xué)看到C選項中的proteins直接選擇了改答案，但是整句話中對proteins的解釋和原文是不符的，是典型的細(xì)節(jié)迷惑型選項，正確答案為D，對proteins的正確解釋。

解決方法

了解這種細(xì)節(jié)迷惑型選項的普遍存在性，注意解題時精確思考避讓。

托福聽力解題思維陷阱：不熟悉題型解題思路造成的問題

由于對題型的解題思路理解不透徹，不遵守，主觀排除正確答案。

舉個例子：

What had the man assumed about human impact on the environment?

A. That human impact on the environment is difficult to measure

B. That humans have only recently had an impact on the environment

C. That human impact on the environment is always harmful

D. That human impact on the environment cannot be avoided

這道題正確答案是C，很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為C選項的描述過于絕對或者不符合事實所以直接主觀排除，但是這道題的題干是一道轉(zhuǎn)述型細(xì)節(jié)題，即問的是文中的男生過去認(rèn)為人類對環(huán)境的影響是什么情況?C選項確實是原文中男生的想法。

解決方法

仔細(xì)研究托福聽力部分的7種題型，遵守相應(yīng)的解題原則。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：爬山熊幫助櫻桃樹種子遷徙

Picture a brave fireman carrying a pet from a burning building.

Now, imagine that global warming is the burning building, a cherry tree is the pet, and a bear is the fireman.

You've now got the gist of a new study that finds that cherry trees may be able to survive rising temperatures thanks to mountain-climbing bears that carry the cherry tree seeds to cooler climes.

It's projected that, over the next hundred years, temperatures on Earth could rise an average of nearly five degrees Celsius.

While some animals might be able to migrate north to escape the brunt of the heat, plants can't uproot themselves quite so easily.

But researchers wondered whether the creatures that disperse plant seeds might be able to help.

So scientists spent three years sifting through the droppings of Asiatic bears, looking for cherry tree seeds.

And they found that the bears were indeed transporting the seeds to cooler locations—not by moving to higher latitudes, but higher altitudes.

Seems the bears snack on the fruits that are found at the foot of the mountains in spring and then make the climb to higher elevations to enjoy young leaves and buds and flowers, particularly as the season progresses.

The researchers could tell that seeds had been deposited higher up the mountain than they had been harvested by the ratio of their oxygen isotopes, which changes with altitude.

And the 300 or so meters the seeds ascended should buy the resulting trees a degree or two in heat relief.

The study is in the journal Current Biology.

The finding is good news for plants, like cherry trees, that fruit in spring.

Unfortunately, the results suggest that plants that fruit in fall, when bears are headed back down for hibernation, will have to hold out for a different animal hero.

Or for a bear with a bad sense of direction.

想象一下一位奮不顧身的消防隊員將一只寵物從熊熊大火建筑物中搶救出來的情景。

現(xiàn)在，想象下全球變暖就是著火的建筑物，櫻桃樹就是那只寵物，而熊就是這位英勇的消防員。

現(xiàn)在你肯定已經(jīng)或多或少了解到這項新的研究，那就是得益于爬山熊將櫻桃樹的種子帶到?jīng)鏊牡貐^(qū)，這種樹木才可以在高溫條件下存活。

預(yù)計未來的100年中，地表平均溫度將上升5攝氏度。

而很多動物可能會前往北部地區(qū)躲避高溫，但植物卻不能夠輕易搬家。

但研究人員認(rèn)為如果動物能夠傳播植物的種子可能會起到幫助。

因此科學(xué)家們歷時三年仔細(xì)尋找亞洲熊糞便中的櫻桃樹種。

而結(jié)果他們發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)亞洲熊實際上將種子帶到了更為涼爽的地方—不是前往高緯度地區(qū)，而是到了高海拔地區(qū)。

亞洲熊在春天會以山腳下的水果為食，而隨著季節(jié)的推進，它們就會爬到更高處享用那里的嫩葉，花蕾及花朵。

通過研究氧同位素的比例，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著海拔的變化，種子所在地區(qū)的海拔會升高。

種子所在地區(qū)的海拔每增加300米左右，溫度就會降低1-2度。

這項研究已經(jīng)在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表。

這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對櫻桃樹等春天結(jié)果的植物是個利好消息。

但不幸的是，這項研究表明由于亞洲熊們已經(jīng)去冬眠，因此秋天結(jié)果的植物就只能期待另外的救星。

或者是依賴一只方向感不太好的熊。

1.thanks to 由于;因為

例句:Thanks to that job I became an avid reader.

多虧了那份工作我才成了一個喜歡閱讀的人。

2.be able to 能夠

例句:If only I could get some sleep, I would be able to cope.

要是能睡上一會兒，我就能應(yīng)付了。

3.look for 尋找

例句:I was just going to look for you and here you are.

我正要找你，恰好你來了。

4.cherry tree 櫻桃樹

例句:Plum was grafted on the cherry tree.

櫻桃樹上嫁接李子。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：狒狒的叫聲遵循蒙采拉特定律

Communication on Twitter is artificially constrained:140 characters per tweet, max.

So it turns out the more words in a tweet, the shorter each word tends to be—at least according to one analysis.

Sort a makes sense on Twitter: there's a limited amount of space to play with.

But the weird thing is, that pattern—longer phrase, shorter words—also holds true in our everyday language too.

It's called Menzerath's law.

"And it's this idea of essentially compression in information."

Morgan Gustison, a psychologist at the University of Michigan.

"So Menzerath's Law, the way you define it is, the larger the whole, the smaller the parts."

Gustison and her colleagues tested out that rule of human language on the calls of geladas—relatives of baboons.

They analyzed more than a thousand of those call sequences—which are strung together from six distinct call types.

And they found that, just as the law would predict in human communication, the longer the gelada sequence, the shorter the constituent calls.

And the shorter the string? The longer the calls.

The study is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Gustison says the meaning of the calls is still a bit of a mystery.

But the fact that they obey the rule could suggest something important is going on.

"The interesting thing about it is it suggests there are universal principles that can underpin complex vocal systems.

And so the more you say, you find a more efficient way of saying it.

So that's what we think is going on with the geladas, is that they have so much to say, so they’re finding these strategies to make what they’re saying more efficient."

Might not be a bad thing to consider…the next time you have a lot of say.

在推特上交流會受到人工限制：每一篇最多是140個字符。

而最近的一項分析表明每篇推文內(nèi)容越豐富，單詞越簡潔。

這似乎很合情理：因為推特只有有限的空間讓用戶進行分享。

狒狒叫聲.jpg

但奇怪的是，這種較長的措辭，簡潔的單詞模式在我們的日常語言中也同樣適用。

這被稱為蒙采拉特定律。

“本質(zhì)上這是一種信息壓縮理念?！?/p>

密歇根大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家摩根·古斯特森說道。

因此蒙采拉特定律就如同其定義的一樣，一種語言結(jié)構(gòu)越長，則構(gòu)成它的成分越短。

古斯特森和她的同事在人類的親戚狒狒身上檢測人類語言的這種規(guī)則。

研究人員對狒狒的上千種叫聲序列進行了分析，而這些叫聲由6種不同的聲音類型串在一起。