托福聽(tīng)力考試中詞匯部分經(jīng)常會(huì)成為考生面前的一道難關(guān)。今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了托福聽(tīng)力提升學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)科詞匯攻略分享，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

托福聽(tīng)力提升學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)科詞匯攻略分享

托福聽(tīng)力講座中有大量學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)科詞匯

相比于側(cè)重日常生活場(chǎng)景的對(duì)話，講座涉及的內(nèi)容大多比較專業(yè)，是接近于大學(xué)課堂難度的教學(xué)場(chǎng)景，涉及學(xué)科也比較多樣，其中最讓考生頭疼的莫過(guò)于大量生僻難懂的學(xué)科詞匯，這對(duì)于大家的聽(tīng)力理解帶來(lái)了不小的難度。

為什么學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)科詞匯難度高?

托福聽(tīng)力學(xué)科詞匯的最大特點(diǎn)就是專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)，拼寫和讀音難度較大，無(wú)論是記憶還是識(shí)別都有不小的困難。但是大家也都知道，托福聽(tīng)力每次考試計(jì)分的多篇文章中有一大半都是講座，因此為了取得相對(duì)理想的考試成績(jī)，同學(xué)們還是要有足夠的恒心和決心去攻克學(xué)術(shù)詞匯。

如何獲取聽(tīng)力中的學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)科詞匯?

對(duì)于托福聽(tīng)力學(xué)科詞匯的獲取途徑，大家可以在日常托福聽(tīng)力備考練習(xí)的過(guò)程中進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)，日積月累構(gòu)建自己的托福聽(tīng)力學(xué)科詞匯庫(kù)，當(dāng)然大家也可以借鑒參考各個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的相關(guān)文章資訊。另外我們也可以購(gòu)買市面上已經(jīng)出版的一些托福備考的詞匯書，特別是那些自帶學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)科詞匯分類整理的書籍。

如何背誦識(shí)記學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)科詞匯?

在積累了學(xué)科詞匯之后我們需要分學(xué)科類別來(lái)識(shí)記，注意語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)義、拼寫三者能有機(jī)結(jié)合，提升對(duì)詞匯的反應(yīng)速度和準(zhǔn)確度;之后再通過(guò)收聽(tīng)真題練習(xí)相關(guān)學(xué)科的文章來(lái)鞏固和加強(qiáng)自己對(duì)于他們的識(shí)別能力。

2020托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)：已婚人士更易發(fā)福

Bridget Jones, in print and on screen, called them the “Smug Marrieds”—the happy couples that seemed to have it all.

But maybe the fictional Jones should have called them the “Plump Marrieds.”

Because along with offering couples unbridled bliss, marriage can cause them to pack on some extra pounds.

That's according to a study in The Journal of Family Issues.

Sociologist Jay Teachman, at Western Washington University, examined data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth.

The data included info about more than 3,000 African Americans over a 20-year period.

Teachman tracked body-mass-index, BMI, a measure of obesity, from adolescence to middle age.

And he analyzed the relationship between BMI, marital status and changes in marital status.

It turned out that living without a partner usually equated to being thinner and having a lower BMI compared with married people and couples living together.

The single folks included the never-marrieds and divorced.

Both men and women gained weight but when it came to race, black women had the most rapid weight gain, followed by white women and then black and white men.

The weight gain was just a few pounds—but even a slightly higher BMI is associated with weight-related health issues.

Several reasons exist for the weight discrepancy between the single and married people.

For example, married men and women may be less concerned about their body weight because they're no longer actively seeking a mate.

Plus, married people have a regular dining partner, possibly leading to more meals.

On the single side, those who are widowed or have gone through a divorce may lose weight due to stress.

So while this news may not be good for the smug marrieds, it may be welcomed by Bridget Jones.

The single, and very weight-conscious, Jones may actually have had the easier path to staying thin than her married friends.

無(wú)論是小說(shuō)還是大熒幕，《BJ單身日記》中的瓊斯夫婦可算得上“令人羨慕的一對(duì)”了—這對(duì)幸福小夫妻看起來(lái)?yè)碛辛艘磺小?/p>

但虛構(gòu)出來(lái)的瓊斯夫婦應(yīng)該也能被稱為“豐滿的一對(duì)”。

因?yàn)榛橐龀藥Ыo這對(duì)新人無(wú)盡的幸福之外，也增加了兩人的體重。

這是根據(jù)《家庭問(wèn)題》期刊上登載的一項(xiàng)研究得出的結(jié)論。

西華盛頓大學(xué)的社會(huì)學(xué)家杰伊?特克曼對(duì)全國(guó)青年縱向研究的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)檢查。

這一數(shù)據(jù)涵蓋20多年來(lái)超過(guò)3000名非裔美國(guó)人的數(shù)據(jù)信息。

特克曼對(duì)這些人從青春期到中年時(shí)的BMI，即身高體重指數(shù)進(jìn)行了跟蹤調(diào)查，這一指數(shù)可反映出人體的肥胖程度。

而且他還對(duì)BMI同婚姻狀態(tài)及婚姻中產(chǎn)生變化之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了分析。

而結(jié)果表明相比已婚人士及同居人士，單身者會(huì)更瘦，而且BMI指數(shù)更低。

而單身者則包含未婚者及離異人士。

無(wú)論種族，婚后的男女體重都會(huì)增加，其中增幅速度最高是黑人女性，接下來(lái)是白人女性，黑人男性及白人男性。

體重的增加只是幾磅—但即使BMI指數(shù)略微增加也可能引發(fā)健康問(wèn)題。

而單身及已婚人士存在體重差異存在下面幾個(gè)原因。

比如，已婚男女可能不會(huì)過(guò)度關(guān)心自己的體重問(wèn)題，因?yàn)楸舜艘呀?jīng)不用再積極尋找各自的另一半。

此外已婚人士在飲食方面有了規(guī)律性的伴侶，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致其食量加大。

而單身，喪偶或離異者可能會(huì)由于面臨壓力而減輕體重。

因此這項(xiàng)研究對(duì)那些自鳴得意的已婚者可能不是利好消息，但《BJ單身日記》中的瓊斯卻接受這樣的事實(shí)。

同已經(jīng)步入婚姻殿堂的朋友相比，單身、注重保持身材的瓊斯已經(jīng)有了保持纖細(xì)身材的妙招。

1.along with 連同;以及

例句:I'll go along with you.

我將隨同你一起去。

2.according to 根據(jù)

例句:Prices vary according to the quantity ordered.

價(jià)格隨訂購(gòu)數(shù)量不同而有所變化。

3.associate with 與…交往，聯(lián)系

例句:I associate with you through choice.

我是通過(guò)自主選擇和你聯(lián)系在一起。

4.turn out 關(guān)掉;結(jié)果是

例句:It's turned out nice again.

天氣又突然轉(zhuǎn)好了。

2020托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)：抗嗝化合物減少奶牛甲烷排放

The global population is now nearly seven and a half billion.

And that's just humans.

Because our planet is also home to one-and-a-half-billion cows, another billion sheep, and a billion goats.

Their combined belches account for a full fifth of the world's methane emissions—and methane is about 30 times more potent at trapping heat than CO2.

But those methane emissions might get cut—by feeding the grazers something called 3-nitro oxypropanol.

"I can tell you, they like it.

No rejection at all."

Maik Kindermann, an organic chemist at DSM Nutritional Products in Switzerland.

Liking it, in the cow world, he says basically means they'll still gobble up their food, even with this stuff mixed in.

Kindermann's company developed the additive a few years back.

And it only targets those methane-belching microbes, while leaving the rest of the microbiome untouched.

The result?

A 30 percent decrease in methane emissions.

The study is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Kindermann says he thinks the compound could be a win-win for the planet—and the animals.

"You know the methane is kind of a waste product.

And this energy, instead of losing it for the animal, it can be reused for the animal in terms of performance, and at the same time we are doing something for greenhouse gas emission and climate change."

The product's not on the market yet—toxicology tests are ongoing.

But the hope is that it might take some of the heat off of beef.

現(xiàn)在全世界人口數(shù)量約是75億。

但這只是人類的數(shù)量。

因?yàn)槲覀兊牡厍蛞彩?5億奶牛、10億綿羊及10億山羊的家園。

這些動(dòng)物反芻所排放的甲烷總量約占世界總量的1/5—而同時(shí)甲烷吸收熱量的能力約是二氧化碳的30倍。

但在這些食草動(dòng)物被喂食名為3-nitrooxypropanol的抗嗝化合物后，甲烷的排放量正在減少。

“我可以告訴你，它們真的很喜歡這種化合物。

真的一點(diǎn)也不排斥。”

瑞士DSM營(yíng)養(yǎng)產(chǎn)品的有機(jī)化學(xué)家馬克·金德曼說(shuō)道。

他表示奶牛們非常喜歡這種化合物，即使添加到食物中，奶牛們?nèi)詴?huì)狼吞虎咽。

金德曼的公司在幾年前研發(fā)出這種添加劑。

這種添加劑會(huì)攔截動(dòng)物體內(nèi)的微生物生成產(chǎn)生甲烷至關(guān)重要的酶。

而3-nitrooxypropanol只針對(duì)生成甲烷的微生物，其他微生物則不受影響。

結(jié)果如何呢?

甲烷排放減少30%。

這項(xiàng)研究已經(jīng)在《美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊》上發(fā)表。

金德曼認(rèn)為這種化合物對(duì)地球和人類而言是一種雙贏。

“甲烷是一種廢物。

動(dòng)物們可以再利用這種能源，而不是進(jìn)行浪費(fèi)，與此同時(shí)，我們?cè)跒闇厥覛怏w排放及氣候變化盡一份力。”

這款產(chǎn)品正在進(jìn)行毒性測(cè)試，目前還未在市場(chǎng)上流通。

但我們希望的是,能夠減少牛肉的一些熱量。

1.account for 對(duì)…負(fù)有責(zé)任

例句:Computers account for 5% of the country's commercial electricity consumption.

計(jì)算機(jī)占去該國(guó)商業(yè)用電的5%。

2.get cut 減少

例句:If you are going to stand in front then it will get cut.

如果你站在植物前面就會(huì)被剪到。

3.at all 根本;簡(jiǎn)直

例句:I certainly don't remember talking to you at all.

我當(dāng)然完全不記得和你講過(guò)話。

4.mix in 混合

例句:Add the milk to the flour, and then mix in three eggs.

往面粉里加牛奶，再拌入3個(gè)雞蛋。