托福聽力這些低級錯(cuò)誤要避免 ,2種粗心易錯(cuò)問題實(shí)例分析。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈Ｂ犃@些低級錯(cuò)誤要避免，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福聽力這些低級錯(cuò)誤要避免 2種粗心易錯(cuò)問題實(shí)例分析
托福聽力粗心易錯(cuò)問題：形近詞看錯(cuò)
由于把選項(xiàng)中的形近詞看混，或者把某個(gè)詞看成另外一個(gè)形近詞，導(dǎo)致理解錯(cuò)誤。
舉個(gè)例子：
What is the lecture mainly about?
A.The environmental effects of heap roasting
B. The reforestation efforts in the Copper Basin
C. The process of mining and producing copper
D. Damages caused during an attempt to clean up industrial waste
有部分同學(xué)把AB選項(xiàng)中的effect和effort看混，或者把B選項(xiàng)中的reforestation看成deforestation，導(dǎo)致理解的意思截然不同，所以選錯(cuò)。
解決方法
仔細(xì)審題審選項(xiàng)，二次檢查。
托福聽力粗心易錯(cuò)問題：沒有關(guān)注單詞復(fù)數(shù)
在內(nèi)容主旨題中，做主語的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)有截然不同的意義，如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞則意味著這篇講座必須講解多個(gè)事物或者從多角度多方面講解某個(gè)事物，如果此篇講座只講解了單一事物或一個(gè)方面，則復(fù)數(shù)選項(xiàng)為錯(cuò)，很多同學(xué)沒有仔細(xì)關(guān)注單復(fù)數(shù)的變化，導(dǎo)致選錯(cuò)。
舉個(gè)例子：
What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. An architect from the United States and a house design she created
B. The disadvantage of houses based on a square design
C. Difficulties faced by residential architects in the nineteenth century
D. Women who had a major influence on architecture in the United States
這道題的正確答案為A，很多同學(xué)選D，D選項(xiàng)的主語是women，而這篇講座只講了一個(gè)女建筑師的事情，所以排除D。
解決方法
仔細(xì)辨識(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)合原文綜合思考。
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：科學(xué)家扮成北極熊接近麝牛
"So I just don't approach, at least initially, a group of musk oxen."
Joel Berger, with the Wildlife Conservation Society and Colorado State University.
"What I do is to take into account other factors that might reflect their responses. And so what I need to know is something about the group size, whether or not males are in the group. I need to know something about snow depth, about snow penetration or how hard the snow is. And then I'll approach and try to understand whether they stay, whether they flee, whether they charge."
Oh, one more important point. When Berger approaches the musk oxen, on Russia's Wrangel Island north of the Arctic Circle, he's dressed up like a polar bear.
"I know the media has a good time when we dress up as animal models. Of course they do. But remember, two Nobel laureates, Conrad Lorentz and Niko Tinbergen, led the way for getting inside the minds of animals...and they've done this through innovative models."
Polar bears prefer seals for their meals. But the loss of sea ice is forcing them onto the land to hunt for prey that's usually not on their menu. The idea here is to gauge the response of musk oxen to this formerly rare threat.
"It's really tough to get inside the mind of a musk ox and especially to understand from mere anecdotes how they may respond in this emerging dynamic."
Berger works with Russian researchers on their side of the Bering Strait and with Americans in Alaska.
"We're currently in the process of evaluating more than 100 simulated interactions, some that include our three years of work in Alaska, as well as over on the Russian side...the last time I did something like this was about 15 years ago, to understand how moose and other species would respond to the new threat of wolves in and around the Yellowstone system."
Back then, Berger and his wife would get into a moose outfit to be able to get close to the ungulates. I wrote about that effort in 1997. You can find it by googling my name and Joel Berger—a man who's work really suits him. (That joke was unbearable.)
“我不會(huì)靠近，至少不會(huì)從一開始就靠近一群麝牛?！?/p>
喬爾·博格在野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)和科羅拉多州立大學(xué)工作。
“我采取的方法是，把其他可能影響它們反應(yīng)的因素都考慮進(jìn)去。我需要知道麝牛群的規(guī)模，這群麝牛里是否有雄性麝牛。我還要了解積雪的深度、滲透性及硬度。之后我才會(huì)逐漸靠近它們，試圖去了解它們是會(huì)留在原地，會(huì)逃走，還是會(huì)發(fā)動(dòng)攻擊?！?/p>
還有一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。博格在位于北極圈以北的俄羅斯弗蘭格爾島靠近麝牛時(shí)，他會(huì)打扮得像一只北極熊。
“我知道媒體看到我們打扮成動(dòng)物的樣子會(huì)很高興。他們當(dāng)然會(huì)高興。不過要記住，引領(lǐng)我們?nèi)チ私鈩?dòng)物思想的是兩位諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者——康拉德·洛倫茲和尼古拉斯·廷伯根，他們采用的就是創(chuàng)新模式?！?/p>
北極熊最愛吃海豹。但是海冰的減少迫使它們?nèi)リ懙厣喜妒潮静辉谒鼈儾妒撤秶鷥?nèi)的獵物。博格的目的是評估麝牛面對這種罕見威脅時(shí)的反應(yīng)。
“了解麝牛的想法真的非常難，只憑軼事來了解他們會(huì)如何應(yīng)對這種新出現(xiàn)的變化更難。”
博格同俄羅斯研究人員在白令海峽劃分的俄羅斯境內(nèi)一起工作，同美國研究人員在阿拉斯加工作。
“目前我們正在對100余個(gè)模擬交互作用進(jìn)行評估，這其中包括阿拉斯加方面三年的工作成果，以及俄羅斯方面的成果，我上次做這種工作是在15年前，當(dāng)時(shí)我研究的是駝鹿和其他物種如何應(yīng)對黃石公園內(nèi)部和周邊狼群的威脅?！?/p>
那時(shí)，博格和他的妻子會(huì)穿上駝鹿裝，以接近這一有蹄類哺乳動(dòng)物。1997年時(shí)我曾寫過有關(guān)那次研究的文章。聽眾可以用谷歌搜索我和博格的名字找到這篇文章，博格的工作真的很適合他。(這個(gè)玩笑很無聊)
重點(diǎn)講解：
1. take into account 考慮到;把…計(jì)算在內(nèi);
例句：He will take into account my request.
他會(huì)考慮我的要求。
2. dress up 裝扮;打扮;
例句：He often dresses up as a superman.
他經(jīng)常把自己裝扮成超人。
3. hunt for (人)打獵，獵殺;(動(dòng)物)獵食;
例句：Davy liked to hunt for bears best of all.
大衛(wèi)最喜歡獵熊了。
4. repond to 應(yīng)對;作出回應(yīng);作出反應(yīng);
例句：A child's age affects the child how repond to the diaster.
孩子的年齡也會(huì)影響他們對災(zāi)難的反應(yīng)。
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：高脂飲食因腸道細(xì)菌致肥胖
Think it's your inability to resist cheesecake that's making it tough to fit into your skinny jeans? Well, your bacteria may share some of the blame. Because a new study in mice shows that the response of intestinal microbes to a high-fat diet ends up triggering the release of a hormone that makes mammals feel hungry, causing them to eat even more. The finding is served up in the journal Nature.
Previous work has shown that the types of bacteria in the gut in diabetic or obese individuals are different from the bacteria in healthy people. But does this bacterial makeup contribute to these disorders? Or is it just a side effect?
To unravel this mystery, researchers put mice on a high-fat diet. The animals experienced a buildup of a chemical called acetate, particularly in the large intestine.
That location points to gut bacteria, which can produce acetate, as a possible culprit. So the researchers wiped out the microbes using antibiotics or a simple saline wash. And acetate levels plummeted.
Okay, so the gut bacteria in fat-fed mice make acetate. What does acetate do? Well, it gets the involuntary part of the nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system, to put out the call to produce more insulin. Unfortunately, in this case, acetate also gets the parasympathetic nervous system to stimulate production of a hunger hormone called ghrelin. And the more fats an animal consumes, the more acetate it makes — which means the more ghrelin it produces and, of course, the more it eats. And bacteria make the whole sequence happen.
The researchers are now investigating whether the same biochemical events happen in humans. If they do, it's possible that obtaining a better assortments of gut bacteria could help us control our weight. Of course, the best way to get those good bacteria is from a fecal transplant — in which bacteria-rich feces come out of one person and into you. The very thought of which could help curb your appetite.
設(shè)想一下，你很難穿上緊身牛仔褲是因?yàn)槟銦o法抗拒奶酪蛋糕嗎?其實(shí)，你體內(nèi)的細(xì)菌可能要承擔(dān)部分責(zé)任。一項(xiàng)在小鼠身上進(jìn)行的新研究表明，腸道細(xì)菌對高脂飲食的反應(yīng)會(huì)最終引發(fā)荷爾蒙的釋放，使哺乳動(dòng)物感到饑餓、吃得更多。該項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)刊登在《自然》雜志上。
此前的研究表明，糖尿病患者或肥胖群體腸道中的細(xì)菌類型與健康人的不同。但是這種細(xì)菌組成會(huì)導(dǎo)致這些疾病嗎?還是只是一種副作用?
為了解開這個(gè)謎團(tuán)，研究人員讓小鼠食用高脂飲食。因此，醋酸酯這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)在這些動(dòng)物的大腸內(nèi)積累起來。
該位置指向腸道細(xì)菌，這種細(xì)菌能產(chǎn)生醋酸酯，是潛在的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。因此，研究人員用抗生素或簡單的生理鹽水來消滅微生物。這同時(shí)也使醋酸酯濃度下降。
食用高脂飲食的小鼠，其體內(nèi)腸道細(xì)菌可以產(chǎn)生醋酸酯。醋酸酯的作用是什么?它可以使神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中的無意識(shí)部分發(fā)出信號，產(chǎn)生更多的胰島素。不幸的是，在這種情況下，醋酸酯也會(huì)使副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)刺激饑餓激素的產(chǎn)生。同時(shí)，脂肪消耗的越多，體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的醋酸酯就越多，這意味著體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的饑餓激素越多，當(dāng)然就吃的越多。而且細(xì)菌會(huì)使這一整個(gè)序列發(fā)生。
研究人員正在研究相同的生物化學(xué)反應(yīng)是否會(huì)在人類身上發(fā)生。假如人類也會(huì)這樣，那么對腸道細(xì)菌更好的分類也許可以幫助我們控制體重。當(dāng)然，攝取這些有益細(xì)菌的最佳方式是通過糞便移植，即某人含有大量細(xì)菌的排泄物進(jìn)入到你的體內(nèi)。想到這里可能會(huì)有助于抑制你的食欲。
重點(diǎn)講解：
1. end up 最終;結(jié)果;到頭來;
例句：If you speak too slowly, you might end up sounding unnatural.
但如果說得太慢，就有可能導(dǎo)致發(fā)音不自然。
2. be different from 與……不同;
例句：My style of writing is very different from yours.
我寫作的風(fēng)格和你很不同。
3. contribute to 促成;促使;是導(dǎo)致…的原因之一;
例句：Exercise contributes to better health.
鍛煉能促成更強(qiáng)健的體魄。
4. wipe out 摧毀;毀滅;使滅絕;
例句：The plague once could wipe out a village.
鼠疫曾一度可以奪走整個(gè)村莊村民的生命。
