托福聽力經(jīng)常聽到陌生詞匯?這些高頻詞匯搭配快來了解一下，今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃?jīng)常聽到陌生詞匯，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力經(jīng)常聽到陌生詞匯?這些高頻詞匯搭配快來了解一下

1.anything but

聽力原句：

Librarian：Oh, well I guess you might think that. But when I saw it back then it was anything but boring.

語境釋義：并不;一點也不

注：近似詞組nothing but意為“只不過是”,例如：It's nothing but a joke.

2.in such short notice

聽力原句：

Student：Hi, thanks for seeing me in such short notice.

語境釋義：如此倉促

3.in person

聽力原句：

Manager: Right, the choir. It’s nice to finally meet you in person. So, you are having problems with...

語境釋義：親自，當面

4.high-end

聽力原句：

Pro: Ok, basically they have to offer things that most people can find anywhere else, you know quality, that means better exercise equipment,high-end stuff, and classes-exercise classes may be aerobics.

語境釋義：高端的

5.drive…h(huán)ome

聽力原句：

Therefore, it’s best to be a non-conformist – to do your own thing, not worrying about what other people think. That’s an important point. He really drives this argument home throughout the essay.

語境釋義：把(論點、問題等)講得透徹、明白

6.goof off

聽力原句：

Student: I went off to the stack and found some really good material for my part, but when I got back to our table, they were just goofing off and talking. So I went and got materials for their sections as well.

語境釋義：游手好閑，混日子

7.go down the drain

聽力原句：

Student: I know, but I didn’t want to risk the project going down the drain.

語境釋義：前功盡棄，付諸東流

8.start from scratch

聽力原句：

Student: But we’ve got all the sources and it’s due next week. We don’t have time to start from scratch.

語境釋義：從頭開始

9.come down to

聽力原句：

It’s been shaped by constraints over vast stretches of time, all of which comes down to the fact that the best foraging strategy for beavers isn’t the one that yields the most food or wood.

語境釋義：歸結為

10.open spot

聽力原句：

I am afraid we don’t have any openings at lunch time. A lot of students want to work then, so it is really rare for us to have an open spot at that time of day.

語境釋義：職位空缺

11.not necessarily

聽力原句1：

Well, design doesn't necessarily include things like sculptures or decorative walkways or… or even eye catching window displays, you know art.

聽力原句2：

Professor：That’s another possible reason although it doesn’t necessarily explain other behaviors such as eating, drinking or sleeping.”

語境釋義：不一定，未必(不是“不需要”或者“不必要”的意思!)

12.be at odds with

聽力原句：

They try to fit in with the rest of the world even though it’s at odds with their beliefs and their identities.

語境釋義：與…相違背、相沖突

注：在聽力中該短語會有連讀，要多聽。

13.lesser-known

聽力原句：

Employee：You are lucky to have professor who includes the lesser-known writer like her on the syllabus, you know, not the usual authors we’ve all read.

語境釋義：不知名的

14.pros and cons

聽力原句：

I mean no one really thinks that, say a bee goes through weighing the pros and cons of pollinating this flower or that flower.

語境釋義：權衡利弊，仔細斟酌

15.in a different light

聽力原句：

Student: I mean... Being a waiter, I get to see a lot of the professors, like in a different light, we joke around a little you know. In the classroom, they always have to be pretty formal, but …

語境釋義：從不同的角度，從另外一面

16.low key

聽力原句：

Pro: Oh, that's very thoughtful of you, Eric, but it will be low key, nothing flashy. That's not her style.

語境釋義：低調(diào)的，不張揚的

17.common denominator

聽力原句：

There are variations on this model of course, but the common denominators are always an idea of creating a shopping space that will get people to shop in the city without needing their cars.

語境釋義：共同點，共性

注意：denominator本意為“分母”

18.tongue in cheek

聽力原句：

But if you took away all the DNA that codes for genes, you still have maybe 70% of the DNA left over. That’s the so-called JUNK DNA. Though the word junk is used sort of tongue in cheek.

語境釋義：半開玩笑地

19.pull them from thin air

聽力原句：

To begin, how do we create fictional characters? We don’t just pull them from thin air, do we? I mean we don’t create them out of nothing.

語境釋義：憑空捏造

20.touch base

聽力原句：

Advisor: Hi, Steven I schedule this appointment, cause it has been a while since we touched base.

語境釋義：聯(lián)系，進行接觸

2020托福聽力練習：城市與鄉(xiāng)村的紅腹灰雀對比

City dwellers can attest that the animals they share the city with—the pigeons, rats, roaches—can be pretty brazen when they're prowling for a bite.

While visiting Barbados, McGill University neurobiologist Jean-Nicolas Audet, noticed that local bullfinches were accomplished thieves.

"They were always trying to steal our food.

And we can see those birds entering in supermarkets, trying to steal food there."

And that gave him an idea.

"Since this bird species is able to solve amazing problems in cities, and they're also present in rural areas, we were wondering" are the rural birds also good problem-solvers, and they just don't take advantage of their abilities?

Or are they fundamentally different?

So Audet and his McGill colleagues captured Barbados bullfinches, both in the island's towns and out in the countryside.

They then administered the bird equivalent of personality and IQ tests:assessing traits like boldness and fear, or timing how quickly the finches could open a puzzle box full of seeds.

And it turns out the city birds really could solve puzzles faster.

They were bolder, too, except when it came to dealing with new objects—perhaps assuming, unlike their more naive country cousins, that new things can either mean reward…or danger.

The study is in the journal Behavioral Ecology.

The city birds bested their country counterparts in another trait:they have more robust immune systems, possibly from scavenging food and water in dirty places.

Which suggests that sometimes, a city's dirt and grit could be the very thing that gives avian residents a wing up.

City dwellers can attest that the animals they share the city with—the pigeons, rats, roaches—can be pretty brazen when they're prowling for a bite. 城市里的居民可以作證，與他們共同生活在城市中的鴿子、老鼠、蟑螂等動物在捕獵時非常厚顏無恥。

While visiting Barbados, McGill University neurobiologist Jean-Nicolas Audet, noticed that local bullfinches were accomplished thieves as well. 麥吉爾大學的神經(jīng)生物學家簡恩尼古拉斯·奧德特在參觀巴巴多斯時發(fā)現(xiàn)當?shù)氐募t腹灰雀是技藝嫻熟的小偷。

They were always trying to steal our food. 它們一直都在偷我們的食物。

And we can see those birds entering in supermarkets, trying to steal food there. And that gave him an idea. 而且我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些鳥會進入超級市場，試圖偷那里的食物。而這給了奧德特靈感。

Since this bird species is able to solve amazing problems in cities, and they're also present in rural areas, we were wondering are the rural birds also good problem-solvers, and they just don't take advantage of their abilities? 既然這種鳥能在城市中解決令人稱奇的問題，我們就想到，身處偏遠鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)的它們是否也能很好的解決問題，還是只是沒有善加利用自己的能力呢?

Or are they fundamentally different? 或者這些鳥是因地區(qū)而完全不同呢?

So Audet and his McGill colleagues captured Barbados bullfinches, both in the island's towns and out in the countryside. 因此奧德特和他的同事們抓來了巴巴多斯城鎮(zhèn)及鄉(xiāng)村的紅腹灰雀進行比較研究。

They then administered the bird equivalent of personality and IQ tests: 而后他們對這種鳥的性格及智商進行了評估測試：

assessing traits like boldness and fear, or timing how quickly the finches could open a puzzle box full of seeds. 其中包括膽量及恐懼等特征測試環(huán)節(jié)，以及紅腹灰雀琢開一個裝滿種子的謎題箱需要多長時間。

And it turns out the city birds really could solve puzzles faster. 結果表明城市中的紅腹灰雀能夠更快的解決難題。

They were bolder, too, except when it came to dealing with new objects—perhaps assuming, unlike their more naive country cousins, that new things can either mean reward…or danger. 同時它們的膽子也更大。但在應對新鮮事物方面則是鄉(xiāng)村鳥兒更勝一籌，因為新鮮的事物對它們而言要么是獎勵，要么是危險。

The study is in the journal Behavioral Ecology. 這項研究已在《行為生態(tài)學》雜志上發(fā)表。

The city birds bested their country counterparts in another trait: 城市的紅腹灰雀在另外一個方面也占據(jù)優(yōu)勢：

they have more robust immune systems, possibly from scavenging food and water in dirty places. 它們有更強健的免疫系統(tǒng)，可能是其本身清除食物及水中臟東西的能力所致。

Which suggests that sometimes, a city's dirt and grit could be the very thing that gives avian residents a wing up. 這表明，有時一個城市的污垢和砂礫可能對生活在其中的鳥類居民而言至關重要。

2020托福聽力練習：基因電路輔助細胞計算機

Our smartphones, tablets, laptops—they all compute things electronically. But, think outside that silicon box for a second: "There's nothing special about electrons and using silicon as part of computing." Chris Voigt, a bioengineer at M.I.T.. "You can do computing with any number of things." Including, he says, DNA.

"Cells do computing all the time. So they're constantly trying to interpret their environment and be able to turn on different genes and respond to it." And those genes in a cellular circuit are like the logic gates, the memory, and other systems found in conventional computers.

So Voigt and his colleagues created what he calls the first human-made "programming language" for living cells. It’s an open-source design environment called "Cello." Just write what you want the cell to do, and Cello spits out the DNA sequence—as if you were compiling code. The researchers used the platform to design 60 genetic circuits, which they then ran inside E. coli bacteria. Many of these DNA-based circuits allow bacteria to sense environmental data - like levels of oxygen or glucose in the gut - and respond in various ways. They detail the findings in the journal Science.

Not all the circuits worked as intended. A quarter of them failed, and some were toxic to the cells. But the idea is to make cellular circuit design easier—and more approachable—to creative people. "When I was a graduate student I had a computer file for Microsoft Word that had all my favorite pieces of DNA. And I would have to sit there and stitch it together and try to remember how each one worked, and constantly run programs to try to look for mistakes."

Cello takes care of all that. And now, Voigt says, biology is right about where electrical engineering was in the early 80s: ready for a computing revolution.

Our smartphones, tablets, laptops-they all compute things electronically. 我們的智能手機、平板電腦、筆記本--它們都是以電子方式進行計算。

But, think outside that silicon box for a second: "There's nothing special about electrons and using silicon as part of computing." 但是，考慮一下硅制盒子之外的事物："利用電子和硅進行計算并無特殊之處。"

Chris Voigt, a bioengineer at M.I.T.. "You can do computing with any number of things." Including, he says, DNA. 克里斯·沃伊特是麻省理工學院的生物工程師。"你可以利用計算機計算任何事物的數(shù)量。" DNA也包括在內(nèi)。

Cells do computing all the time. 細胞一直都在進行計算。

So they're constantly trying to interpret their environment and be able to turn on different genes and respond to it. 所以，它們一直在試圖了解周圍的環(huán)境，并控制DNA，并對其作出反應。

And those genes in a cellular circuit are like the logic gates, the memory, and other systems found in conventional computers. 這些在細胞電路中的基因就像傳統(tǒng)電腦中的邏輯門、內(nèi)存和其他的系統(tǒng)。

So Voigt and his colleagues created what he calls the first human-made "programming language" for living cells. 所以，沃伊特和同事們創(chuàng)造了人類首例的活細胞"編程語言"。

It's an open-source design environment called "Cello." 這種開放源碼的設計環(huán)境稱為"Cello"。

Just write what you want the cell to do, and Cello spits out the DNA sequence-as if you were compiling code. 你只需寫下需要細胞做些什么，這時候 Cello翻譯DNA序列--就好像你在進行編碼。

The researchers used the platform to design 60 genetic circuits, which they then ran inside E. coli bacteria. 研究人員利用這一平臺設計了60個遺傳電路，他們可以利用這些遺傳電路應用于大腸桿菌內(nèi)部。

Many of these DNA-based circuits allow bacteria to sense environmental data - like levels of oxygen or glucose in the gut - and respond in various ways. 許多基于 DNA的電路都允許細菌感覺環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)--例如大腸中的氧氣以及葡萄糖的含量--并通過不同的方式作出反應。

They detail the findings in the journal Science. 該研究結果發(fā)表在《科學》雜志上。

Not all the circuits worked as intended. 但是并不是所有的電路都會按照預期的方式運行。

A quarter of them failed, and some were toxic to the cells. 有1/4的電路失敗了，而有的電路則會毒害細胞。

But the idea is to make cellular circuit design easier-and more approachable-to creative people. 但是，這種創(chuàng)作想法會使有創(chuàng)新精神的人將細胞電路設 計更加簡單--更易成功。

When I was a graduate student I had a computer file for Microsoft Word that had all my favorite pieces of DNA. 當我還在讀研究生的時候，我有一個電腦文件里面包含了我最愛的DNA片段。

And I would have to sit there and stitch it together and try to remember how each one worked, and constantly run programs to try to look for mistakes. 我會坐在那里，將這些片斷拼接到一起，并試圖記住這 些片斷是如何運作的，我還經(jīng)常運行程序試圖找到其中的錯誤。

Cello takes care of all that. And now, Voigt says, biology is right about where electrical engineering was in the early 80s: ready for a computing revolution. Cello會處理以上所有的問題?，F(xiàn)在，沃伊特稱生物學就像80年代早期的電器工程：已經(jīng)為計算機革命做好準備。