托福閱讀總是看不懂文章怎么辦?先了解常見(jiàn)話題背景知識(shí),今天給大家?guī)?lái)了托福閱讀總是看不懂文章怎么辦,希望能夠幫助到大家在托?？荚囍心酶叻?，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀總是看不懂文章怎么辦?先了解常見(jiàn)話題背景知識(shí)

托福閱讀備考需要增加背景知識(shí)

有部分學(xué)生反映做托福(課程)閱讀時(shí)很難投入進(jìn)去，有一點(diǎn)原因就是對(duì)于文章所述內(nèi)容太過(guò)陌生，如果你對(duì)其略知一二，相信定會(huì)有所不同。比如官方真題Official中有篇文章講到化學(xué)元素周期表，對(duì)于高中生來(lái)說(shuō)再熟悉不過(guò)了，閱讀的時(shí)候半讀半猜，估計(jì)也可以理解的八九不離十了。

托福閱讀備考請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章記憶單詞

若考試準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間充足，可以多加涉獵，擴(kuò)充自己的知識(shí)背景;若時(shí)間緊張，則需搞定官方真題Official套題。根據(jù)文章記憶單詞，并不是文章中出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉，比如一些繁瑣的專(zhuān)有名詞跳過(guò)即可。主要記憶的當(dāng)然是一些動(dòng)詞、名詞及形容詞，尤其是出現(xiàn)在句子主干中，與解題有關(guān)的詞匯。

托福閱讀要學(xué)會(huì)分析題干題目

除了詞匯，應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)分析題干及題目，比如題干中出現(xiàn)了effect ，conclusion之類(lèi)的詞，其實(shí)已經(jīng)界定了我們尋找的范圍——段落靠后的部分，還有就是觀點(diǎn)性和總結(jié)性的句子永遠(yuǎn)會(huì)是考察的重點(diǎn)所在。做題的時(shí)候?qū)W會(huì)分析原文和選項(xiàng)，進(jìn)行對(duì)比，比如句子簡(jiǎn)化題，做一題需要看五個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，似乎很花費(fèi)時(shí)間，但并不需要每個(gè)句子都要細(xì)看，而是先明確原句的邏輯及主干，抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)與原句進(jìn)行比較。

例如：As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.

A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.

B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.

C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.

D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faultin;g and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them。

原句是因果邏輯的句子，先找出其因： crustal adjustments and faulting，果：the Strait opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean。接著來(lái)看選項(xiàng)：A…. caused crustal adjustments and faulting 顯然是因果倒置了，毫不猶豫地滅掉;C. 因?yàn)榇诉x項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)比較not as spectacular as, 非常惹眼的一個(gè)核心詞，而原文中是修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞spectacularly，并未進(jìn)行比較，二話不說(shuō)也排除掉;D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar,… 這原因里怎么多出來(lái)一項(xiàng)，那就解決掉它吧!

托福閱讀技巧：100個(gè)閱讀必會(huì)短語(yǔ)

1. a couple of 兩三個(gè)，幾個(gè)

Although he thought of the key idea in 1951, the first maser was not completed until a couple of years later.

2. account for 解釋

Variations of clay composition and the temperatures at which they are fired account for the differences in texture and appearance.

3. adapt to 使適應(yīng)于

They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.

4, adorn with sth 用…裝飾

Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations.

5.appeal to 吸引

Publishing literature consisting of exciting stories that would appeal to both children and adults

6.apply to 適用于

Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the 1960’s.

7.at best 充其量，最多

Hunting is at best a precarious way of procuring food, even when the diet is supplemented with seeds and fruits.

8.at intervals 相隔一定距離

However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.

9.at the expense of sth 在損害…的情況下

A multitude of microorganisms make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures.

10.at the height of sth 在…最鼎盛時(shí)期

The violin had reached the height of its popularity by the middle of the eighteenth century.

11.back and forth 來(lái)回地

They then spiral back and forth between the Earth's magnetic poles very rapidly.

12.be absent from 缺席，不在

Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women line were not considered an important force in history.

13.be capable of 能…的

Many animals are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools.

14. be characterized by 以…為特征

The nervous system of vertebrates is characterized by a hollow, dorsal nerve cord that ends in the head region as an enlargement, the brain.

15.be composed of 由…組成

Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.

16.be concerned with 與某事物有關(guān)

Ethnology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history.

17.be distinct from 與…不同

Jupiter and the other giant planets are of a low-density type quite distinct from the terrestrial planets

18.be essential to 對(duì)…不可缺少

Public performance is essential to verbal art.

19.be exposed to 使接觸，使遭受

Body contact reduces the surface area exposed to the cold air.

20.be far from 離…很遠(yuǎn)，根本不是

But far from being random, molt is controlled by strong evolutionary forces that have established an optimal time and duration.

21. be hostile to 極不友好的，極厭惡的

Ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans

22.be regarded as 被認(rèn)為是

Humanity's primal efforts to systematize the concepts of size, shapes, and number are usually regarded as the earliest mathematics.

23.be related to 與…有關(guān)的，相聯(lián)系的

Why is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States?

24. be responsible for 對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)

In fact, nuclear reactions that convert hydrogen to helium are responsible for most of the energy that stars produce.

25. be sensitive to 對(duì)…敏感的

Ants can be extremely sensitive to these signals.

26.be subjected to 經(jīng)歷，遭受

Oil is formed when organic material trapped in sediments is slowly buried and subjected to increased temperatures and pressures, transforming it into petroleum.

27. be superior to 優(yōu)越于

Natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones

28 .be traced to 找出根源

The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

29. be/become aware of 意識(shí)到，認(rèn)識(shí)到

People became aware of the new service by word of mouth or newspaper advertisements.

30. be/become/get accustomed to 習(xí)慣于

In the harsh environment of northern Europe, Scandinavian women had been accustomed to practicing forms of shifting cultivation, and they immediately understood Native American horticulture.

31. be/become/get involved in 與…有關(guān)聯(lián)的

Two distinct processes are involved in molting.

32.benefit from 從…中受益

Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.

33.break down 分解

All of these forces slowly break down the Earth's exposed rocky crust into smaller and smaller pieces that eventually become clay.

34.by far 到目前為止

Marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils.

35.by means of 通過(guò)，憑借

The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of Adividing the discussion into two major areas.

36.by virtue of 由于

Many are uninhabitable, by virtue of their small size and particular characteristics

37.confine to 限制在一定范圍之內(nèi)

The delivery service was at first confined to cities.

38.conform to 符合

Parks should be designed to conform to the topography of the area

39.contribute to 有貢獻(xiàn)，有助于

Transportation contributed to the development and maintenance of trade.

40.cope with 對(duì)付

Under certain circumstance the human body must cope with gases at greater-than-normal atmospheric pressure.

41.date back to 始于

In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II.

42. depend on 依靠

The gulls depend on the falcons for protection.

43. deprive sb/sth of sth 剝奪..某事物

Plant stems die when deprived of water.

44.derive from 獲得，起源于

Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input.

45.due to 由于，因?yàn)?/p>

Due to their dense structure, iron meteorites have the best chance of surviving an impact, and most are found by farmers plowing their fields.

46. evolve from/out of 從...進(jìn)化來(lái)，從…發(fā)展來(lái)

The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.

47.extract from 提取

It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath.

48.feed on 以…為食物

Predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals.

49.focus on 集中(注意力)于

They focus on the meaning of their parents' words.

50. get rid of 處理掉

Atoms or molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves, without any outside intervention.

51.give access to 向…開(kāi)放

To connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff faces.

52.give birth to 使誕生，引起

Most insects lay eggs, but some give birth to live young.

53.give off 發(fā)散，發(fā)出

If Jupiter were larger, it would give off much less heat.

54.give rise to 引起，導(dǎo)致

The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.

55.go beyond 超過(guò)，越過(guò)

An interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons.

56.go out of business 停業(yè)，關(guān)門(mén)

The shop went out of business.

57.have nothing to do with 與…無(wú)關(guān)

A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt.

58.impart to 傳授給

They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders impart tribal lore to the younger generation.

59.impose on 強(qiáng)加于

New regulations were imposed on nontraditional education.

60.in common 共同

No two comets ever look identical, but they have basic features in common.

61.in favor of 贊同，支持

The artist was in favor of a traditional style of painting.

62.in quantity 大量，大批

There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted pots produced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means.

63.in season 當(dāng)季

Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season.

64.in spite of 盡管，任憑

In spite of problems with their condition, restoration, and preservation many panel paintings have survived.

65.in the absence of 在缺乏…的情況下

The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities.

66.in view of 由于

In view of the rate at which the radio sources emit energy, they should disappear in a few million years.

67.instead of 代替

Instead of working with light, however, he worked with microwaves.

68.invest in 投資

He started to invest in the town’s cultural development.

69.lead to 導(dǎo)致，引起

In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves that will lead to biological devastation.

70.leave out 排除

Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered.

71.off the mark 不正確

This analogy is not far off the mark.

72.on behalf of 代表

Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth though rarely to any action on behalf of truth.

73. on the basis of 在…的基礎(chǔ)上

Antoine Lavisher, on the basis of careful experimentation, was led to propose a different theory of burning

74.owing to 由于，因?yàn)?/p>

Marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils, owing to the incredible richness of marine life.

75.perceive sth as sth 認(rèn)為

Although art deco in its many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern, it was strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it.

76.pick up 學(xué)會(huì)

Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues.

77.put off 推遲

Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put off during harvest time.

78.regardless of 不顧

Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued, regardless of language, culture, or mode of presentation.

79.result from 因..而產(chǎn)生

Most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding.

80.result in 結(jié)果，導(dǎo)致

The upward movement of fieldstones should result in pure soil.

81.set about 開(kāi)始，動(dòng)手

African American artists of this period set about creating a new portrayal of themselves and their lives in the United States.

82. set aside 留下將來(lái)用

Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.

83.so far 到目前為止

The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far.

84.sort out 把…分類(lèi)

Clay particles are sorted out by size and weight.

85.spring up 涌現(xiàn)

In the early colonial day in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline.

86.stem from 起源于

It can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation.

87.stretch out 伸展，伸出

The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.

88.strive for 為…而奮斗

As they began to strive for social and cultural independence，their attitudes toward themselves changed.

89.take account of sth./take sth into account 考慮到

Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account when executing their public commissions.

90.take advantage of 利用

Many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.

91.thanks to 由于

kiwis smell out earthworms thanks to nostrils located at the tip of their beaks.

92.to some extent 某種程度上

Their attitudes toward themselves changed, and, to some extent, other segments of American society began to change their attitudes toward them.

93.turn out 結(jié)果是，證明是

Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic.

94.usher in 宣告…的來(lái)臨

Autumn could be ushered in by severe frost.

95. wear away 磨損

Natural forces wear away the Earth's crust

96.wipe out 消滅，肅清

Entire crops can be wiped out by fungal attacks both before and after harvesting.

97.with respect to 在…方面

The year 1850 may be considered the beginning of a new epoch in America art, with respect to the development of watercolor painting.

98. with the advent of 隨著…的出現(xiàn)

With the advent of high-resolution radio interferometers during the late 1970's, part of the answer became clear.

99.with the aid of 借助于

It is now taught with the aid of computers.

100.with the exception of 除..以外

With the exception of printing patterns directly onto the cloth, whether by block, roller, or screen, all of these are based on dyeing; that is, the immersion of the fabric in a dye bath.

托福閱讀練習(xí)試題：美國(guó)商業(yè)廣播節(jié)目

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句：美國(guó)商業(yè)廣播節(jié)目

Their competition and collaboration werecreating the broadcasting industry in the United States, beginning with theintroduction of commercial radio programming in the early 1920s.

記憶單詞：

competition n.比賽

competitor n.參賽者

competent adj.有能力的

competence n.能力

collaboration n.合作

collaborate v.合作

commercial adj.商業(yè)的

commodity n.商品

理解句子：

此句結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，劃線部分為分詞作狀語(yǔ)。

托福閱讀練習(xí)試題：厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象

Scientists try to document as many past El Nino events as possible by piecing together bits of historical evidence, such as sea-surface temperature records, daily observations of atmospheric pressure and rainfall, fisheries’ records from South America, and the writings of Spanish colonists dating back to thefifteenth century. ( TPO43, 48)

piece v.拼湊，組裝

大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解

Scientists try to document as many past El Nino events as possible (by piecing together bits of historical evidence),(such as sea-surface temperature records, daily observations of atmospheric pressure and rainfall, fisheries’ records from South America, and the writings of Spanish colonists) (dating back to the fifteenth century). (TPO43,48)

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句分析：

這個(gè)句子的主干是：

Scientists try to document as many past El Nino events as possible

修飾一：(by piecing together bits of historical evidence) ，介詞短語(yǔ)

中文：通過(guò)拼湊很多小的歷史證據(jù)

修飾二：(such as sea-surface temperature records, daily observations of atmospheric pressure and rainfall, fisheries’ records from South America, and the writings of Spanish colonists) ，介詞短語(yǔ)

中文：例如海面溫度記錄、氣壓和降水的日常觀察，南美洲漁業(yè)記錄以及西班牙殖民者的作品。

修飾三：(dating back to the fifteenth century)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

中文：追溯到15世紀(jì)

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句參考翻譯：

科學(xué)家們通過(guò)拼湊很多小的歷史證據(jù)，來(lái)試圖盡可能多地記錄過(guò)去的厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象，例如海面溫度記錄、氣壓和降水的日常觀察，南美洲漁業(yè)記錄，以及追溯到15世紀(jì)的西班牙殖民者的作品。

這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和介詞，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。