托福聽力備考時，考生因為對聽力本身考試要求形式等等的片面錯誤認識，都可能會對大家的備考產(chǎn)生影響。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃淇歼@6種錯誤認識要糾正，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力備考這6種錯誤認識要糾正

1、永遠不要把聽力做成閱讀

學(xué)生一旦聽不懂文章，往往會看著文本來聽，很多方法也建議學(xué)生這么做。毫無疑問，這樣做的直接后果是該文章能聽懂了。但是這個聽懂的過程是先看懂，音頻聲音形象的建立只是印證了你的閱讀。

2、口譯訓(xùn)練并不適用于托福聽力

有一個誤區(qū)，大家經(jīng)常踩，那就是口譯訓(xùn)練并不適用于托福聽力。聽力并不需要中英文之間的轉(zhuǎn)換能力，很多口譯出身的老師會建議聽力中做翻譯，但我們聽懂的步驟是在聽到聲音形象后理解意思，不需要翻譯。

3、聽寫只聽不寫，重過程不重結(jié)果

聽力能力由三個能力構(gòu)成，語音識別，語義識別和結(jié)構(gòu)層次，分別對應(yīng)單詞，句子和篇章層面。聽寫本身只解決語音識別，并不能理解句子意思，或是結(jié)構(gòu)層次。聽寫不要寫下來，第一寫下來浪費時間，我經(jīng)常說，每個方法都能effective，關(guān)鍵去考慮它是否能有efficiency, 你在單位時間的付出是否能收獲等量的效果。

因此，聽寫不要寫下來。如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)不寫下來就聽不懂，參看A條，不要把聽力做成閱讀。強迫自己聽。聽寫要做，但只是一個最基礎(chǔ)的工作。如果只做聽寫，聽力永遠無法提高，永遠，不要忘了語義識別和結(jié)構(gòu)層次。

4、聽力不僅僅是大量時間和次數(shù)的聽，一定要有方法

很多同學(xué)問，一個lecture需要聽幾遍。如果你沒有提高，幾遍都一樣。聽的過程一定要去抓層次結(jié)構(gòu)和出題點。參考一些核心的內(nèi)容，完整的去完成一個lecture, 關(guān)鍵不在遍數(shù)，2遍也能達到很好的效果。

5、別過多關(guān)注不認識的單詞

ETS從不要求考生聽懂每一個單詞，單詞是一個基礎(chǔ)量，但我們需要在聽不懂的情況下如何理解一個lecture，這是需要做到的，整個課程設(shè)計和單詞量沒有關(guān)系，無論你現(xiàn)在水平如何，從另一個視角打開全新聽力，結(jié)構(gòu)層次的練習(xí)讓你無論10分還是25分都能夠獲得想要的提升。

6、結(jié)構(gòu)為王

聽力筆記最重要的是結(jié)構(gòu)層次，每個人的筆記都是高度個性化的，筆記只有兩個目的，一個是有效定位，一個是理清結(jié)構(gòu)。很多同學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)記了的沒有考，考了的沒有記。 首先嘗試記少，從抓一句話的核心詞(不可替代詞匯，能提示你整句的詞匯)，擴展到10s一次停頓，在擴展到1min，逐漸能夠抓到層次.。再參考一些核心內(nèi)容,，抓住考點。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：鴿子血檢測替代兒童血液檢測

Pigeons. Ever since humans established permanent agricultural settlements, we've lived side-by-side with the birds—or, as some people call them, rats with wings. They walk on our sidewalks, roost on our buildings, and eat our leftovers. But soon pigeons may help us identify risks to public health.

"What we're doing here in my lab is we're assessing how we can use something that's been considered a pest that people actively try to exterminate: the pigeon. How can we use it to better the environment for not only ourselves but for pigeons and for other wildlife?"

U.C. Davis neurobiologist Rebecca Calisi. She looked at lead levels in blood samples from more than 800 injured pigeons brought to a New York City wildlife rehabilitation center. And she compared those to lead levels in blood samples collected from children by the New York City Department of Health in routine screening efforts. The results were published in the journal Chemosphere.

"The neighborhoods where children have high rates of lead toxicity, that's where we saw pigeons with high blood lead levels...so this is a proof of concept kind of project."

Most pigeons will live out their lives within just two kilometers of the place they hatched, so the birds may be able to help researchers develop a detailed map of the risk of toxic lead exposure.

In people, especially kids, lead exposure can affect intelligence, brain development, social skills and memory. Having demonstrated that pigeons can pinpoint areas with high lead contamination, Calisi thinks that the birds can help researchers zero in on other potential environmental hazards as well.

"The thing is, we don't know what to test for right now. We know to test for lead, but what about certain pesticides? Or fire retardants are a big problem these days. We're not sure what the problems are. So instead of drawing a ton of blood from children and putting them through all these tests, why not use an animal that shares our environment, the pigeon, and test for a whole suite of different potential harmful pollutants?"

So rather than dismissing them as rats with wings, why not think of them as...lab rats with wings?

鴿子。自從人類建立永久性農(nóng)業(yè)定居點以來，鴿子就一直與我們生活在一起，甚至有一些人稱鴿子是有翅膀的老鼠。鴿子走在人行道上，棲息在建筑樓頂，吃我們的剩飯剩菜。但是不久以后鴿子可能會幫助我們確定公共衛(wèi)生風(fēng)險。

“我們正在實驗室里評估如何使用被人們認為是害蟲且一直想要消滅的動物：鴿子。我們怎么用鴿子更好地保護環(huán)境，不僅對我們?nèi)祟愑欣?，同時也對鴿子和其他野生動物有利?”

麗貝卡·卡利斯是加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校的神經(jīng)生物學(xué)家。她對紐約市野生動物康復(fù)中心800多只受傷鴿子血液樣本中的鉛含量進行了研究。并將這些同從紐約市衛(wèi)生局常規(guī)檢查中收集來的兒童血液樣本中的鉛含量進行了比較。結(jié)果發(fā)表在《Chemosphere》雜志上。

“社區(qū)兒童高鉛毒性的地方，也就是我們看到鴿子高血鉛水平的地方……這是項目所證實的概念?！?/p>

大多數(shù)鴿子生活在距離它們的出生地只有2公里的地方，所以這種鳥類也許可以幫助研究人員繪制詳細的鉛毒風(fēng)險地圖。

對人們來說，尤其是對孩子來說，鉛暴露會影響智力、大腦發(fā)育、社會技能和記憶力。卡利斯已經(jīng)證明鴿子可以確定高鉛污染的地區(qū)，她認為鳥類也可以幫助研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)其他潛在的環(huán)境危害。

“問題是，目前我們不知道要怎么檢測。我們知道要檢測鉛，但特定的農(nóng)藥呢?也許現(xiàn)在阻燃劑也是一個大問題。但是我們不確定是什么問題。所以我們沒有沒有提取孩子的大量血液樣本進行測試，而是用動物血液，也就是鴿子的血液來測試各種潛在有害污染物?！?/p>

因此，與其蔑視它們是長著翅膀的老鼠，為什么不把它們看作是有翅膀的實驗鼠。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：車門遙控裝置安全隱患

Today's cars have loads of computer smarts built in. Like the chips that allow you, with the push of a button to unlock your car. And as new cars move down the assembly line, automakers program those functions into the car.

"They produce one car and they program a cryptographic secret in it, in order to secure it against thieves." Timo Kasper, a cryptographer and engineer at the security and IT consulting company Kasper & Oswald. "Then comes the next car on the production line and they put the same secrets into the second car. And then comes the third car on the production line and they again put the same secrets into this car. And they repeat this process for millions of cars in the world. And now millions of cars in the world share the same cryptographic secret. Of course, this secret is not so well protected anymore, because it's in every of these million cars, and in every remote control. And this is of course a typical example of how to not do it."

And yet, he says that's exactly how the Volkswagen Group did do it, for many cars manufactured in the last 20 years. Kasper and his colleagues decoded that shared cryptographic secret by studying the design and operation of chips from VW Group cars and remotes. After hacking the hardware, they were easily able to eavesdrop on and decrypt unlocking signals, clone the remote control and unlock cars. They presented the details August 12th at the USENIX Security Symposium, in Austin, Texas.

Kasper says VW is aware of the problem—and they're not alone. "This is not a VW bug but this is a red line, as we Germans say, through all the automotive industry." In fact, in the same study, they showed that another encryption system used by many other brands, including Ford, Chevy, Nissan and Mitsubishi, has a weak cryptographic algorithm—which, again, allowed the team to break into more than a dozen cars.

Bottom line? It's easier to hack into cars than many drivers might have imagined. So if you want to avoid eavesdropping, the researchers recommend simply ditching remote controls and cryptography, and just go back to the good old metal key.

現(xiàn)在的汽車配備了大量電腦智能系統(tǒng)。比如芯片，讓你可以一按按鈕就打開車門。新車從裝配線下線時，汽車制作商就已經(jīng)將這些功能編入汽車。

“汽車制造商每生產(chǎn)一輛汽車，就會在車內(nèi)編寫一個加密程序，目的是確保汽車可以防盜。”蒂莫·卡斯珀是卡斯珀和奧斯瓦爾德安全信息咨詢公司的密碼學(xué)家兼工程師?！叭缓笤谏a(chǎn)下一輛車時，他們會在這輛車上裝上同樣的密碼系統(tǒng)。在生產(chǎn)第三輛車時，他們會再次裝上同樣的密碼系統(tǒng)。他們在全球數(shù)百萬輛車上重復(fù)這一過程。現(xiàn)在全世界有數(shù)百萬輛汽車擁有同樣的加密程序。當(dāng)然，這個密碼系統(tǒng)不再受到較好的保護，因為在這數(shù)百萬輛車中，每輛車、每個遙控裝置中都有這一密碼系統(tǒng)。這當(dāng)然是個應(yīng)該避免的典型的例子。”

他表示，大眾汽車就在對過去20年間生產(chǎn)的汽車上進行了上述操作?？ㄋ圭旰屯聜兺ㄟ^研究大眾汽車和其遙控裝置的芯片，解碼了車輛共享的密碼系統(tǒng)。在入侵硬件之后，他們很容易能夠竊聽和解密釋放信號，克隆遙控裝置解鎖汽車。8月12日，他們在得克薩斯州奧斯汀舉行的USENIX安全研討會上公布了具體的信息。

卡斯珀表示。大眾公司已經(jīng)意識到了這個問題——意識到問題的不僅僅是大眾公司?！斑@不是大眾的漏洞，就如我們德國人描述的那樣，這是整個汽車行業(yè)的紅線。實際上，在同一個研究中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)福特、雪弗蘭、尼桑、三菱等其他品牌使用的加密算法也有紕漏，這使研究團隊再一次成功解鎖了10多輛汽車。

底線?入侵解鎖汽車比許多司機想的更容易。如果你想避免被竊聽的話，研究人員建議，只要不使用遙控和加密裝置，重新使用傳統(tǒng)的金屬鑰匙就可以了。

重點講解：

1. in order to 為了;以便;目的在于;

例句：She stepped forward in order to see clearly.

她向前走了一步以便能看得更清楚。

2. eavesdrop on 偷聽;竊聽;

例句：German hacker claims to have cracked the encryption that protects most cellphone calls, potentially paving the way for others to eavesdrop on conversations.

一名德國黑客聲稱.了保護大部分手機通話的加密編碼，使竊聽他人手機通話成為可能。

3. be aware of 注意到的;察覺到的;意識到的;

例句：John has been aware of having done something wrong.

約翰已意識到自己做錯了事情。

4. break into 強行進入;闖入;

例句：They break into computers and break the phone system. Real hackers call these people crackers and want nothing to do with them.

他們?nèi)肭蛛娔X，破壞電話系統(tǒng)。真正的黑客叫這些人駭客，而且不想與他們扯上邊。

5. hack into (尤指為獲取機密信息)侵入，非法進入(他人的計算機系統(tǒng));

例句：There is no doubt that it is a criminal offence to hack into others' computers and get secret data .

毫無疑問，非法侵入他人電腦獲取機密資料是刑事犯罪。