托福聽力想要避免丟分，考生需要從備考階段就開始努力避免各類出錯的可能性。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃淇急苊鈦G分高效學習攻略要點分享，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

　　托福聽力備考避免丟分高效學習攻略要點分享

　　1. 單詞是一切日常英語學習的基礎

　　單詞怎么背不僅是備考托福聽力時，需要了解的方法，也是我們日常英語學習中必備的一項技能。背單詞時最重要的一點是,不僅要了解單詞的發(fā)音及拼寫，還要了解單詞的詞性及意思，這是我們在日常背單詞時最需要掌握的一種基本方法。怎么練托福聽力才能取得高分，這個問題是需要考生及時解決的。

　　2. 提高聽力技能離不開精聽

　　很多同學認為精聽很浪費時間，但是精聽卻是托福英語練習中不可缺少的一個提高聽力的技巧。精聽的材料可以選擇老托?；蛘逿PO。對于水平在15分以下的同學可以選擇老托福，15分以上的同學則可以選擇TPO.

　　3. 除了精聽，泛聽也不能丟

　　泛聽的目的是保證每天都有一定量的英語輸入，熟悉單詞的讀音，所以泛聽可以選擇一些閑散的時間去聽，例如在公交車上的消磨或者是睡前的入睡曲。

　　4. 練習記聽力筆記

　　聽力筆記在我們練精聽的時候，其實已經(jīng)算是在記筆記了。這次的聽力筆記主要是訓練手和腦子的協(xié)調度，做到邊聽邊寫，聽和寫不會互相影響的一種操作。把記聽力筆記的速度提上去就能夠讓我們的精聽變得更加流暢。

　　5. 注意關注聽力原文中的信號詞考點

　　在練習聽力的時候要不斷加強對信號詞的敏感度，提高聽力中抓重要信息的能力，也就是一般托福聽力備考資料中所講解的conversation & lecture考點。

　　2020托福聽力練習：格陵蘭鯊魚是脊椎動物界壽星

　　By human standards, a few vertebrate species have incredible longevity. Some tortoises live for nearly 200 years. Bowhead whales can live even a decade or two longer. But now there's a new champion: the Greenland shark—which conservative estimates have swimming in the seas for almost three centuries.

　　Julius Nielsen is a marine biologist and PhD student at the University of Copenhagen. While on a research vessel in Greenland where such sharks were accidentally caught, Nielsen became curious about the creatures.

　　"And perhaps the biggest of all the mysteries were how long do these sharks actually live. Because it has been expected that they can get very old, and that's based on some observations of very, very slow growth...so the longevity could be exceptional and extreme, but it has just never been possible to investigate."

　　That's because Greenland sharks don't have the same body structures used for gauging the age of most fish or even other sharks. So Neilsen and colleagues used a new technique based on the lens of the eye. The centers of the lenses can be analyzed by radiocarbon dating to determine about when the shark was born. They tested 28 female sharks.

　　"And what we found was that the biggest shark in our analysis, and also the oldest shark, was estimated—the most likely single year age was almost approximately 390 years."

　　Nielsen stresses that the estimate contains a fair amount of uncertainty. Though the likeliest age is 390, the shark could be as young as a mere 272. "That still makes the Greenland shark the longest-living vertebrate known to science." And at the upper limit, it's possible that the shark is more than 500 years old. The study is in the journal Science.

　　Also shocking: the researchers estimate that the sharks live at least a century before they reach sexual maturity. "And of course it is absolutely amazing and difficult for a human mind to understand that sexual reproduction begins so late in life."

　　In the paper Nielsen and his colleagues stress the importance of caution and conservation. "And the thing about Greenland sharks is just we don't know how many sharks are out there. But it's clear that if you reach sexual maturity above 100 years then you are potentially sensitive to any kind of high bycatch rate and any kind of future commercial exploitations."

　　With a century to do it, humans could inadvertently wipe out the entire next generation of these sharks during their long, slow adolescence.

　　按照人類的標準，有一些脊椎動物的壽命長得令人難以置信。有些海龜活了將近200年。弓頭鯨甚至可以比海龜多活一二十年。但是現(xiàn)在人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的長壽王：格陵蘭鯊魚，據(jù)保守估計，它們已經(jīng)在海里生活了將近3個世紀。

　　尤利烏斯·尼爾森是海洋生物學家兼哥本哈根大學博士生。格陵蘭島的一艘考察船意外捕獲了一些鯊魚，尼爾森開始對這個生物感到好奇。

　　“可能最大的謎團是格陵蘭鯊魚到底能活多長時間。觀察格陵蘭鯊魚后發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們生長的速度非常非常緩慢，不過它們也會變老，所以它們的長壽現(xiàn)象可能是非常罕見的，但是此前卻一直未能進行研究。”

　　這是因為格陵蘭鯊魚不具備大多數(shù)魚類甚至其他鯊魚可以測量年齡的身體結構。所以尼爾森和同事采用了一項以眼睛晶狀體為基礎的新技術?？梢酝ㄟ^放射性碳分析鏡片的中心，來決定鯊魚出生的時間。研究人員檢測了28頭雌性鯊魚。

　　“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究中最大的鯊魚，同時也是最年長的鯊魚，其年齡約為390歲?！?/p>

　　尼爾森強調稱，這種預測包含很多不確定性。盡管這只鯊魚最有可能的年齡是390歲，但它可能只有272歲。“盡管如此，格陵蘭鯊魚仍是迄今為止科學界發(fā)現(xiàn)的最為長壽的脊椎動物?！比敉觊L估計，該鯊魚可能已經(jīng)500多歲了。該研究結果發(fā)表在《科學》雜志上。

　　同樣令人震驚的是：研究人員估計格陵蘭鯊魚至少要到100歲才能達到性成熟?！爱斎粚θ祟悂碚f這絕對是相當驚人的，人類思維很難理解有性繁殖開始的這么晚。”

　　尼爾森和同事在文章中強調了關心和保護格陵蘭鯊魚的重要性?！坝嘘P格陵蘭鯊魚我們不知道的是世上有多少這種鯊魚。但是很顯然，如果在100歲以后才能達到性成熟 ，那么其對高捕捉率和未來商業(yè)開發(fā)都是非常敏感的?！?/p>

　　因為需要一個世紀的時間，在格陵蘭鯊魚漫長而緩慢的青春期內，人類可能一不小心就會毀滅格陵蘭鯊魚的下一代。

　　重點講解：

　　1. be based on 以…為基礎;

　　例句：That opera is based on an actual occurrence.

　　那部歌劇是根據(jù)真實的故事編寫的。

　　2. at least (數(shù)量)至少，不少于;

　　例句：At least 500 people attended the conference.

　　至少500人參加了這個會議。

　　3. be sensitive to 過敏的;易受影響的;敏感的;

　　例句：His pallid skin was sensitive to the glaring sun.

　　他蒼白的皮膚對耀眼的陽光很敏感。

　　4. wipe out 摧毀;毀滅;使滅絕;

　　例句：The disease threatens to wipe out the entire population.

　　這種疾病有可能毀滅整個種群。

　　2020托福聽力練習：殺蟲劑充當蜜蜂避孕藥

　　Over the last year, beekeepers in the U.S. lost nearly half their honeybee hives. And there are a lot of suspected culprits for this so-called beepocalypse—from parasitic mites, to viruses, to simple land use changes. But a study out earlier this year pointed to another possibility: poor sperm quality among the drone bees, leading to colony crashes. And now another group of researchers may have found a reason for the subpar sperm: neonicotinoid pesticides. These substances contain chemicals similar to nicotine and affect insect nervous systems.

　　"So for the drones that were exposed to pesticides during development, it appears there were more dead sperm in their reproductive tracts." Geoff Williams, an entomologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland and Agroscope, a Swiss federal research facility.

　　Williams and his colleagues studied the effects of two neonicotinoid pesticides on honeybee drones, genetically assigned to mate with queens. "They've got really big eyes so they can identify these queens flying through the air. They eat and have sex. Or try to have sex at least."

　　But in 20 honeybee hives Williams and his collaborators found that those drones exposed to standard environmental levels of the pesticides were shorter-lived, thus having fewer opportunities to mate. And even if the drones did survive, they had nearly 40 percent fewer living sperm than did control bees—meaning the pesticides were acting like honeybee contraceptives. The study appears in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

　　Williams says pesticides are just one of many factors assaulting bees. But it looks like the way farmers treat some crops could adversely affect the pollinators those crops also rely on.

　　去年，美國養(yǎng)蜂者損失了近一半的蜂箱。對于這次蜜蜂災難，有很多疑似“罪魁禍首”——如病毒寄生、土地利用的簡單變化等。但是今年初發(fā)表的一項研究指出了另外一種可能：雄峰的精子質量不良，導致了這場種族災難?，F(xiàn)在，另一組研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了雄峰精子質量不正常的原因：煙堿類農(nóng)藥殺蟲劑。這些農(nóng)藥中含有類似尼古丁的物質，這種物質會影響蜜蜂的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。

　　“雄峰在成長程中接觸了殺蟲劑，這導致其生殖系統(tǒng)中產(chǎn)生了更多的死精子。”杰夫·威廉姆斯是瑞士伯爾尼大學和瑞士聯(lián)邦農(nóng)業(yè)研究院的昆蟲學家。

　　威廉姆斯和同事研究了兩種煙堿類農(nóng)藥對雄峰的影響，確切地來說，是對和蜂后交配的雄蜂的影響?！斑@些雄蜂的眼睛非常大，所以它們可以識別出在空中飛行的蜂后，它們一起吃和交配。或至少嘗試交配。”

　　但是在威廉姆斯和同事們研究的20個蜂箱中，這些雄蜂接觸了標準環(huán)境水平的殺蟲劑后，壽命會減少，從而使其與蜂后交配的機會減少。即使雄蜂能存活下來，但其活精子的數(shù)量與實驗室的蜜蜂相比減少了40%，這就相當于農(nóng)藥充當了蜜蜂的避孕藥。該項研究結果發(fā)表在《皇家協(xié)會B》雜志上。

　　威廉姆斯表示，殺蟲劑只是使蜜蜂受沖擊的因素之一。看起來農(nóng)民處理農(nóng)作物的方式也會對這些農(nóng)作物依賴的授粉者產(chǎn)生不利影響。

　　重點講解：

　　1. point to 顯示;表明;

　　例句：Earlier reports pointed to pupils working harder, more continuously, and with enthusiasm.

　　早些時候的報告顯示學生學習更為刻苦、持久，并且懷有學習熱情。

　　2. be exposed to 使暴露于(險境);使遭受(危險或不快);

　　例句：This plant can't be exposed to strong sunshine.

　　這種植物不能暴露在強光下。

　　3. even if 即使;盡管;縱然;

　　例句：Even if she is responsible for the mistake, she is not likely to own up to it.

　　即使是她犯的錯，她也不太可能會爽快承認的。

　　4. rely on 依賴;依靠;

　　例句：We will get nowhere if we rely on luck.

　　如果我們只依靠運氣，那將一事無成。