托福聽力如何做筆記一直是考生比較關(guān)注的一個問題。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃M分考生分享平時和應(yīng)試做筆記心得經(jīng)驗，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力滿分考生分享平時和應(yīng)試做筆記心得經(jīng)驗

托福聽力做筆記經(jīng)驗分享：平時筆記

平日里只要是聽一些比較有用的東西，我都會做記錄。跟大部分人一樣，我有注意力渙散的毛病。不記錄會跑神。

筆記的好處：第一注意力集中了，思路更清晰，細(xì)節(jié)更注意。第二，內(nèi)容留存，方便回顧。第三，久了就知道什么地方是關(guān)鍵，重點，該記。第三點很重要，直接關(guān)系到應(yīng)試筆記。

大家都聽過這樣的勸告，聽力要記筆記，要記關(guān)鍵信息，要記細(xì)節(jié)，要記…… 這些勸告有多抽象，每一個考生都應(yīng)該深有感悟。

總結(jié)一句，我有更抽象的說法，記題目會問到的。托福是為學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備好大學(xué)課程，不是為難大家。

所以托福會問的內(nèi)容自然是你聽完之后應(yīng)該學(xué)到的內(nèi)容。如果我們不是抱著做題的心態(tài)，而是學(xué)習(xí)的心態(tài)，是不是就更容易知道該記什么?

應(yīng)試刷題時，目的角度不同，技巧可培養(yǎng)，但是你體會不到為什么，就容易流于形式。這是學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，平時要注意養(yǎng)成。

托福聽力做筆記經(jīng)驗分享：應(yīng)試筆記

應(yīng)試筆記有技巧，類似于口譯筆記。

關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容，有提醒的關(guān)鍵詞，要會自己可識別的縮寫;紙張對折成幾條，提綱式記錄，用符號表示某些趨勢。這些是技巧，很容易成手。

記過之后，做題時候會不會看?我個人很少回頭看。

基本上我考試筆記的目的和平時是很相似的。落到筆頭上，思路更清晰。但是有幾個點，是我在練習(xí)之后會提醒自己注意的。起始時教授講的目的，要記清楚，做題前要回頭看，因為整篇lecture都圍繞著這句話;細(xì)節(jié)題，要回頭去確認(rèn)。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：選民不會背競選演講所影響

Donald Trump hasn't been running the most traditional campaign. And it's not just the unfiltered tweets. "He's neglecting campaigning full stop." Thomas Wood, an assistant professor of political science at Ohio State. "He's had about half as many public events as his opponent."

Wood's own campaign experience was with the Romney/Ryan ticket back in 2012. Every night, the campaign surveyed thousands of voters... 64,000 over all... asking them how they felt about the politicians, after a local visit. That is, if the voters actually knew about the visit.

"Instead of seeing candidate X visiting somewhere in Pensacola they're now seeing candidate X visit somewhere in their local market. And it's not really filtering through to that many folks that the visit was there—you know one event sort of looks like the other. They all sort of blend into each other. It's hard to make it clear to the person who's just watching the evening news that this was a visit in your local marketplace."

In other words, visits didn't even register for most locals or those in adjacent markets. And the voters' opinions of the candidates went up just a measly couple percent after local visits—before fading back to baseline a few days later. So despite the huge investment of time and money, the local campaign stops were pretty worthless—at least from a numbers standpoint. The findings are in the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.

As for this election season—any advice for the noncampaigning candidate? "I would provide advice that has nothing to do with his frequency of visits. I'd be providing advice as to how one comports oneself with the national press, try to earn some goodwill. I guess just being polite. I would say that Trump's sort of lethargic process of campaigning is probably the least of his worries." Better, he says, to just spend more time fundraising. To throw more cash at things that really work: like get-out-the-vote campaigns, and ads. Then again…Twitter's free.

唐納德·特朗普沒有用最傳統(tǒng)的競選方法組織競選活動。這并不是僅指他未經(jīng)過濾的推文?！八耆鲆暳诉@是總統(tǒng)競選演講?！蓖旭R斯·伍德是俄亥俄州立大學(xué)政治學(xué)的助理教授?！疤乩势盏墓不顒又挥衅鋵κ值囊话??！?/p>

伍德曾在2012年跟隨羅姆尼和瑞安的競選團(tuán)隊進(jìn)行競選活動。當(dāng)時，競選團(tuán)隊每天晚上都要調(diào)查數(shù)千名選民，調(diào)查人數(shù)可能高達(dá)6.4萬人，在政治家走訪當(dāng)?shù)睾笤儐栠x民對他們的看法。前提是選民知道當(dāng)?shù)氐母傔x活動。

“某位候選人沒有前往彭薩科拉的某個地方，而是去到當(dāng)?shù)氐氖袌?。對許多人來說，去哪里訪問都一樣，因為競選活動看起來差不多。這些活動會互相融合。對正在看晚間新聞的人來說，很難弄清楚新聞里的人正在當(dāng)?shù)厥袌鲞M(jìn)行訪問?！?/p>

換言之，對大多數(shù)當(dāng)?shù)厝嘶蚴桥R近市場的大多數(shù)居民來說，這些訪問并沒有記錄。在當(dāng)?shù)卦L問結(jié)束后，選民對候選人的意見只會帶來可憐的幾個百分點的上漲，而幾天后支持率又會退回到基準(zhǔn)線。所以，盡管投入了大量的資金和時間，地方競選活動其實并沒有什么價值——至少從數(shù)據(jù)來看可以這么說。該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《美國政治和社會科學(xué)學(xué)院年報》上。

就今年的競選季來說，對沒有進(jìn)行競選活動的候選人有什么建議?“我提供的建議可能與他們的競選頻率沒有任何關(guān)系。我的建議是：候選人若想讓自己的形象同國家新聞報道的相一致，那就努力去獲得信譽。我認(rèn)為候選人要有禮貌。我想說，特朗普有些昏沉的競選過程可能是他最不擔(dān)心的?！彼f，最好將更多時間花費在籌集資金上。將錢用到真正有用的地方：比如動員投票活動、廣告等。當(dāng)然還有免費的推特。

重點講解：

1. instead of 代替…;而不是…;

例句：He should have shot instead of passing.

他本該射門，不該傳球。

2. blend into 融入;與…融為一體;與…協(xié)調(diào);

例句：I tried to blend into the crowd, but I was obviously not dressed for the occasion.

我試圖融入人群中,但很明顯我的穿著不適合這種場合。

3. in other words 換言之;換句話說;也就是說;

例句：In other words, the quality of the candidates was the decisive factor.

換言之，人才是最后的決定因素。

4. as for 至于…;

例句：As for his moral character, he is also praiseworthy.

至于他的品德，也是值得稱贊的。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：黑洞模型再現(xiàn)霍金預(yù)言

Black holes got their name because light can't escape them, beyond a certain radius, called the event horizon. But in 1974 Stephen Hawking proposed that quantum effects at the event horizon might cause black holes to be...not completely black.

"Hawking said that pairs of particles should be created at the event horizon." Jeff Steinhauer, a physicist at the Israel Institute of Technology. "One particle exits the black hole and travels away, perhaps to Earth, and the other particle falls into the black hole."

Ideally, we could just study those exiting particles...which make up the so-called Hawking radiation. But that signal is too weak. We can't see it against the universe's background radiation. So Steinhauer built a model of a black hole instead. Which traps not photons, but phonons—think of them as sound particles—and it traps of using a gas of rubidium atoms, flowing faster than the speed of sound.

"And that means that phonons, particles of sound, trying to travel against the flow are not able to go forward. They get swept back by the flow. It's like someone trying to swim against a river which is flowing faster than they can swim. And the phonon trying to go against the flow is analogous to a photon trying to escape a black hole."

Steinhauer doesn't actually pipe sound particles into the device. He doesn't need to. He merely created the conditions under which quantum effects predict their appearance. "So the two swimmers can come into existence simultaneously without anybody supplying energy to create them."

He ran the test 4,600 times—the equivalent of six days—and took pictures of the results. And indeed, he saw a correlation between particles emanating into and out of the model black hole…an experimental demonstration of Hawking radiation. The results appear in Nature Physics.

Steinhauer also determined that the partner particles had a quantum connection, called entanglement...which could help theorists investigating the information paradox. "So there's the question of where does information go, if one throws it into a black hole?" This study can't answer that. But, he says, "it helps give hints, to direct physicists towards the new laws of physics, whatever they might be."

黑洞得名的原因是光無法逃脫一個特定的界面——視界。但是1974年，史蒂芬·霍金提出，視界里的量子效應(yīng)，可以使黑洞不是完全的“黑暗”。

“霍金說，視界可以產(chǎn)生成對的粒子?！币陨欣砉W(xué)院的物理學(xué)家杰夫·施泰因豪爾說道?！耙粋€粒子遠(yuǎn)離黑洞逃逸，可能進(jìn)入地球，而另一個粒子則被黑洞吞噬。”

理想情況下，我們可以研究這些逃逸粒子……這些粒子構(gòu)成了“霍金輻射”這一理論。但是信號太弱了。在宇宙輻射背景下，我們根本看不到它發(fā)出的輻射。所以施泰因豪爾構(gòu)建了一個黑洞模型。這個黑洞模型不僅能吸收光子，還能吸收聲子——姑且認(rèn)為聲子就是聲音粒子——模型使用的是銣原子氣體，銣原子的運動速度比聲音的速度要快。

“這意味著聲子無法對抗銣原子繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。它們會被氣流阻回。這就仿佛有人想要逆流而上，但是河水的速度快于他的游泳速度。聲子試圖逆流逃離就如同光子想要逃離黑洞一樣?！?/p>

施泰因豪爾實際上并沒有用管道將這些粒子輸入設(shè)備。因為他根本不用這樣做。他只是營造了產(chǎn)生量子效應(yīng)的環(huán)境?！八裕瑑蓚€‘游泳者'可以同時存在，而不需要任何人提供能量?！?/p>

施泰因豪爾用6天的時間進(jìn)行4600次測試，并將測試結(jié)果拍照保存。他發(fā)現(xiàn)了逃逸粒子和被吸入黑洞粒子之間的關(guān)系……這相當(dāng)于“霍金輻射”理論的演示實驗。該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《自然物理》雜志上。

施泰因豪爾發(fā)現(xiàn)成對粒子之間存在量子關(guān)聯(lián)，這被稱為“量子糾纏”，這種關(guān)聯(lián)可以幫助理論學(xué)家研究信息悖論?！八袁F(xiàn)在的問題是，如果一個粒子被吸入黑洞，那么信息將去往何處?”這項研究不能回答這個問題。但是施泰因豪爾表示，“該研究給我們提供指導(dǎo)物理學(xué)家研究新物理學(xué)定律的線索?！?/p>