托福聽力備考如何提升反應速度?沖高分要這么練。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃淇既绾翁嵘磻俣?，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

　　托福聽力備考如何提升反應速度?沖高分要這么練

　　什么是托福聽力反應速度?

　　所謂托福聽力反應速度，就是指考生在聽到一個單詞以后反饋出這個單詞意思的速度。這個速度直接決定了考生是否能快速聽懂托福聽力材料的具體內(nèi)容，是考生備考聽力必須訓練的一項基本能力。

　　為什么要訓練托福聽力反應速度?

　　以英語為母語的人在聽到一個單詞之后的反應速度是0.03秒，我們不是以英語為母語的，所以我們對單詞的反應速度可能不能完全達到這個指標，但是盡可能地去接近它，無疑是取得托福聽力高分必須做到功課。因為你在聽托福聽力的時候，ETS不可能等你聽明白了前面的單詞，然后再放后面的錄音，而事實上，托福聽力的語速也只是美國大學教授上課的一半語速，所以，不僅為了取得托福高分，更重要的是為了到美國能跟上美國的課堂，我們花大力氣將反應速度練上去是完全必要的。

　　如何訓練提升托福聽力反應速度?

　　托福聽力備考練習反應速度的最重要也是最有效的一個方法，叫做“變速練習”。變速練習指的是利用變速軟件加快語速，來增加我們對材料反應的靈敏度和準確度。但有一點要強調(diào)的是，變速練習只適合于對你常速已經(jīng)可以聽懂的材料進行，因為如果對你不熟悉或者本來就聽不懂的材料進行變速，那么結(jié)果必然是更加聽不懂，這樣的意義是不大的。明白了這一點，那么你就知道了其實變速練習的材料是十分廣泛的，既可以是你已經(jīng)聽寫過的聽力素材，也可以是SSS的材料，更可以是你已經(jīng)做過的托福聽力題。

　　2020托福聽力練習：最古老靛藍染料

　　Many people remember the colors of the rainbow by the acronym ROY G. BIV. For red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Well, the color indigo just made news.

　　Indigo gets its name from the plant Indigofera tinctoria and its relatives, which supply the dye that makes fabric the rich, beautiful color between blue and violet.

　　Indigo dye was used around the ancient world in fabrics created from Egypt to China to Meso and South America. And it's in South America that researchers recently found the oldest known example of fabrics dyed with indigo.

　　The artifacts were discovered at Huaca Prieta, a ceremonial mound on the coast in northern Peru. But their color was initially hidden by the grey tones that had leached into them from the materials used in the mound itself. But when a conservator carefully washed the fabric, the true colors reappeared.

　　"And it was at that point that I realized we probably had indigo and it was probably the world's oldest indigo."

　　Jeffrey Splitstoser, an anthropologist at George Washington University.

　　"Which was really exciting. I hadn't thought I'd be discovering, or we would be discovering, the world's oldest indigo, when I took on this project."

　　The research is in the journal Science Advances.

　　The dyed fabric is about 6,000 years old.

　　"In the Middle East there are inscriptions that discuss blue fabrics that date to about 3100 B.C. These are just texts though. And so we think they're referring probably to the earliest Old World indigo-blue dyed textiles. So that would date to about 5,000 years ago, 3100 B.C. And so these are at least 1,000 years older than that. And the earliest known indigo blue textiles were from Egypt and they date to around 4400 B.P., before present. So these are almost 2,000 years older than those."

　　Splitstoser says that the discovery means it's likely that the techniques to dye fabric blue were developed in the Americas before they were developed in Egypt.

　　"It really means that we have to look at the ancient Andes as one of the earliest sources of textile innovations in the world."

　　許多人記得彩虹的顏色按照首字母排列為ROYGBIV。這些首字母分別代表紅、橙、黃、綠、藍、靛、紫。而靛色最近有了新的消息。

　　靛藍色得名于木藍以及其相關(guān)植物，這些植物可以提供染料，讓布料變成介于藍色和紫色之間的一種富貴、美麗的顏色。

　　靛藍染料在古代用于對布料進行染色，而這些布料一般產(chǎn)自埃及、中國、中美洲以及南美洲等地方。最近，研究人員就在南美洲發(fā)現(xiàn)了目前已知最古老的靛藍染色布料。

　　人們在普雷塔遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些手工藝品，普雷塔遺址位于秘魯北部海岸，是一個曾用于舉行儀式的土丘。但是這些手工藝品的顏色最初被灰色基調(diào)所掩蓋，而灰色來自于土堆本身材料的滲透。但是，當一位文物修復員仔細清理這些布料后，其真正的顏色重新顯現(xiàn)出來。

　　“就在那時我意識到，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能是是靛藍色，而且這可能是世界上最古老的靛藍色?！?/p>

　　杰弗里·斯皮里特瑟是喬治華盛頓大學的人類學家。

　　“這太讓人興奮了。我在做這個項目的時候，從來沒想過我或者說我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)世界上最古老的靛藍色?！?/p>

　　這項研究發(fā)表在《科學進展》期刊上。

　　這塊染色布料大約有6000年的歷史。

　　約公元前3100年，在中東有討論藍色布料的銘文。雖然這些只是文字材料。不過，我們認為它們指的可能是最古老的靛藍色紡織品。因此，靛藍色染料的歷史可追溯到5000年前，即大約公元前3100年。而這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)的染色布料至少要早1000年。此前已知最古老的靛藍色紡織品來自于古埃及，距今大約4400年。所以，新發(fā)現(xiàn)的染色布料比那些要早約2000年。

　　斯皮里特瑟表示，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，美洲發(fā)明將布料染成藍色的技術(shù)很可能早于埃及。

　　“這實際上意味著，我們必須將古安第斯地區(qū)視為世界上織物創(chuàng)新最早的起源地之一。”

　　重點講解：

　　1. take on 承擔，接受(尤指艱巨工作或重大責任);

　　例句：He is ready to take on heavy responsibilities.

　　他樂于承擔重擔。

　　2. refer to 提到，指的是;

　　例句：It can refer to an academic subject or a practical skill.

　　這一詞既可指某一學科也可指某種技能。

　　3. at least (數(shù)量)至少，不少于;

　　例句：Cacao has been cultivated for at least three millennia in Mexico, Central and South America.

　　在墨西哥及中南美洲，可可樹至少已有了三百萬年的種植歷史。

　　2020托福聽力練習：道路噪音與鳥類生存

　　It's hard to be a bird in our human-dominated world.

　　You can barely hear yourself sing, let alone hear the songs of your friends... and you can forget about hearing a predator. Noise is almost everywhere. Especially noise from traffic. A whopping 83 percent of the surface of the continental U.S. is within just one kilometer of a road.

　　Researchers have tried to assess the impact of road noise on animals by, understandably, looking at animals living near noisy roads. The problem is that noisy roads are both noisy, and well, they're roads. It's hard to separate the two.

　　"And so we figured out a way to have just the noise without any of the other effects of the road, and to do that we ran speakers through a forest where there was no road."

　　Chris McClure, a biologist at Boise State University and The Peregrine Fund. He and his team built their audio phantom road at a popular stopover site for birds in Idaho as they fly south for the winter.

　　While the noise kept lots of birds away, some stuck around. But they had trouble putting on enough weight to fuel the next leg of their migratory journey.

　　"They have to fatten up but they also have to not get eaten by a predator. And those two things are in conflict. Because to eat, they have to look down, which means they aren't looking at predators."

　　And when it's too loud, they can't hear the alarm calls of other birds. So they have to waste time looking for predators instead of foraging. The study is in the journal Animal Conservation.

　　By 2050, it's thought that enough new roads will be built to circle the planet more than 600 times. But there's an easy solution to the noise problem.

　　"Lowering speed limits does a lot."

　　So next time you're driving through nature, just slow down a little. It's safer for you and the wildlife. And you can enjoy the view a little longer.

　　在我們?nèi)祟愔髟椎氖澜缋铮B類的生存很艱難。

　　你幾乎聽不到自己唱歌，更別提你朋友們的歌聲了……你也可能會忘掉聽到的捕食者的聲音。因為噪音無處不在。尤其是交通嗓音。高達83%的美國大陸表面僅僅有一公里的路。

　　研究人員試圖評估道路噪音對動物的影響，可想而知，他們的方法就是觀察生活在嘈雜道路附近的動物。問題是，嘈雜的道路雖然十分吵鬧，但同時也是道路。所以很難把道路與噪音區(qū)分開。

　　“因此，我們想出了一個方法只測試噪音的影響，而不受道路的影響，為了做到這一點，我們把揚聲器鋪滿沒有道路的樹林。”

　　克里斯·麥克盧爾是來自博伊西州立大學和游隼基金會的生物學家。他和他的團隊在愛達荷州一個鳥類喜歡的停留地建立了“聲音幽靈路”，鳥類在飛往南方過冬時喜歡停留在那里。

　　雖然噪音使很多鳥遠離這里，但是也有一些仍然逗留在附近。不過，由于它們無法增加足夠的體重，所以它們沒有動力飛到遷徙途中的下一個停留地。

　　“它們必須要吃東西，可是它們也要小心不被捕食者吃掉。這兩者相互矛盾。因為，要吃東西，它們就必須低頭覓食，可是這樣一來它們就不能觀察捕食者了?！?/p>

　　當嗓音過大時，它們聽不到其他鳥類發(fā)出的警報聲。所以，它們必須花時間尋找捕食者，這樣它們就不能覓食。這項研究發(fā)表在《動物保護》期刊上。

　　預計到2050，新建道路可繞地球超過600次。但是卻沒有簡單的方法能解決噪音問題。

　　“降速限制可以降低噪音。”

　　所以，下一次你開車穿過大自然時，可以把速度放慢點兒。這樣做對你和野生動物來說更加安全。而且你也有更多的時間可以享受美景。

　　重點講解：

　　1. let alone (通常用在否定句后)遑論，更別提，更不用說;

　　例句：They had never seen such massive equipment, let alone made.

　　這樣的大設(shè)備他們看都沒看過，更不用說制造了。

　　2. figure out 想出;理解;弄清;

　　例句：We must figure out how to do it.

　　我們必須想出做這件事的辦法。

　　3. stick around 呆在原處(等待);

　　例句：Stick around a while and see what develops.

　　呆上一會兒，看看會發(fā)生什么。

　　4. instead of 代替…;而不是…;

　　例句：I have to finish my work instead of going out.

　　我必須完成工作，不能外出。

　　5. slow down (使)放慢;(使)減速;

　　例句：When the light is yellow, you should slow down.

　　燈變黃色時,你應該減速。