托福聽(tīng)力高頻主旨題如何保證得分?實(shí)用解題技巧精講。今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)托福聽(tīng)力高頻主旨題如何保證得分，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

托福聽(tīng)力高頻主旨題如何保證得分?實(shí)用解題技巧精講

做好托福聽(tīng)力主旨題無(wú)關(guān)詞匯量從開(kāi)頭找線索

關(guān)于托福聽(tīng)力主旨題的解題技巧，考生應(yīng)該首先注意的是這兩種題型與大家詞匯量的多少無(wú)關(guān)。也就是說(shuō)，詞匯量即使很少也不會(huì)給這兩種題型的解題造成障礙。考生真正要做的是首先聽(tīng)準(zhǔn)開(kāi)頭;特別是開(kāi)頭句型，之后找出對(duì)話目的;如果開(kāi)頭沒(méi)有把握準(zhǔn)，那么要注意全文重復(fù)詞匯;最后要聽(tīng)準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞并對(duì)實(shí)義詞(名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞)足夠敏感。

托福聽(tīng)力對(duì)話和講座如何聽(tīng)準(zhǔn)開(kāi)頭段?

那么，考生應(yīng)該如何聽(tīng)準(zhǔn)托福聽(tīng)力的開(kāi)頭段呢?大家要注意的是，在conversation和lecture的開(kāi)頭中，有的文章會(huì)出現(xiàn)寒暄部分。

比如，在conversation中兩個(gè)說(shuō)話者的在開(kāi)頭部分都會(huì)出現(xiàn)互相問(wèn)好的寒暄語(yǔ)：

e.g.1 A : Hey, how is everything going?

B: Well, everything is going fine.

e.g.2 A: Hi, are you Paula?

B: Oh, hi, Jim. Nice to see you!

在這些寒暄之后說(shuō)話人A說(shuō)Do you need some tutoring in English? 說(shuō)話人B說(shuō)：yes, I am taking English composition and my English is not very good. 這才是文章的真正內(nèi)容，也就是文章的主旨。所以選項(xiàng)的相應(yīng)部分選擇的是：She needs a tutoring appointment!

在lecture中，有時(shí)教授上來(lái)不會(huì)直接切入正題，而是先會(huì)寒暄幾句。

例1： 有個(gè)教授上來(lái)先說(shuō)I am sorry that I didn’t bring your paper, and it took longer to grade than I thought. So I will bring you the paper next class. Today, I want to continue our topic about Renaissance. 所以 “I am sorry that I didn’t bring your paper, and it took longer to grade than I thought. So I will bring you the paper next class.” 這句話都是在說(shuō)與文章主旨無(wú)關(guān)緊要的話。而真正與文章主旨有關(guān)的是以today開(kāi)頭的這句話!所以，顯而易見(jiàn)，這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容就是文藝復(fù)興Renaissance。

例2： In the last class, we discussed the Jazz music history. But today, I am going to talk about the development of the jazz music. 那么很顯然，In the last class, we discussed the Jazz music history.這是上節(jié)課講的內(nèi)容。在強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折but之后，老師緊接著說(shuō)I am going to talk about the development of the jazz music. 那么，文章的主旨也就很明確了。

2020托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)：瘧蚊喜歡牛而不是人類(lèi)

As you've probably experienced firsthand, some mosquito species have a real taste for warm, human blood. So much so that if you raise them on in the lab, they'll accept no substitute.

"Fortunately, I don't get major reactions at all." Brad Main is a mosquito geneticist at U.C. Davis... and part-time mosquito meal provider. "So it's not too bad for me. But some people in the lab are itching pretty bad when they have hundreds of mosquito bites on their arms."

Out in the wild, some species are less picky. Take Anopheles arabiensis, common in East Africa. They'll feed on cattle, dogs, goats, pigs, people—wherever they can find a warm meal. But what Main and his colleagues wanted to know was whether the bloodsuckers' choice of victim might be genetically determined. So they sequenced the genomes of 48 arabiensis mosquitoes from Tanzania which had fed on either humans or cows.

And they found that bugs with cow blood in their bellies had one partially rearranged chromosome, compared to those who'd snacked on human blood... which could explain the preferences in meal choices. The study is in the journal PLoS Genetics.

If that genetic switch really does make cows more attractive than we are to mosquitoes, in theory we could genetically engineer them to steer clear of people. And their cow victims don't get human malaria. "It's a case of knowing your enemy. And so the better we know these mosquitoes, I think the more equipped we're going to be able to control them."

正如大家可能親身經(jīng)歷過(guò)的那樣，一些蚊子喜歡溫暖的人類(lèi)血液。以至于如果你把它們養(yǎng)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，它們會(huì)拒絕替代品。

“幸運(yùn)的是，我完全沒(méi)有感到明顯的反應(yīng)?！? 布拉德·曼恩是加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校的蚊子遺傳學(xué)家和兼職蚊子食物供應(yīng)商?！八运鼘?duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)不是太壞。但當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室里有數(shù)百只蚊子在叮咬他們的胳膊時(shí)，一些人會(huì)感覺(jué)非常癢?！?/p>

在野外，一些物種沒(méi)那么挑剔。以東非常見(jiàn)的阿拉伯按蚊為例。它們以牛、狗、山羊、豬以及人類(lèi)的血為食，它們?cè)谌魏蔚胤蕉寄苷业綔嘏囊徊?。但曼恩和他的同事們想知道的是，這些吸血?jiǎng)游镞x擇的受害者是否是由基因決定的。所以他們?cè)谔股Ｄ醽喪占?8只以人或牛血液為食的阿拉伯按蚊，并對(duì)它們進(jìn)行了基因組排序檢測(cè)。

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與吸食人類(lèi)血液的蚊子相比，那些吸食牛血的蚊子的腹部有一部分細(xì)菌染色體重排，這可以解釋膳食的選擇偏好。這一研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書(shū)館遺傳學(xué)》期刊上。

如果說(shuō)這種基因轉(zhuǎn)變真能使牛比我們對(duì)蚊子更具吸引力，那在理論上我們可以通過(guò)基因工程來(lái)使蚊子遠(yuǎn)離人類(lèi)。而牛也不會(huì)感染人瘧?！斑@是一個(gè)了解敵人的例子。我們?cè)绞橇私膺@些蚊子，我們就越能更好地控制它們?！?/p>

重點(diǎn)講解：

1. have a taste for 喜歡;偏好;

例句：She has a taste for classic music.

她喜歡古典音樂(lè)。

2. compared to 與…相比;和…比起來(lái);

例句：Compared to the noisy cities, he preferred the quiet country life.

比起喧鬧的大城市，他更喜歡寧?kù)o的鄉(xiāng)村生活。

3. in theory 從理論上說(shuō);照理說(shuō);

例句：Your plan sounds fine in theory, but I don't know if it'll work in practice.

你的計(jì)劃理論上不錯(cuò),但我不知道實(shí)際上是否行得通。

4. steer clear of 避開(kāi);躲避;繞開(kāi);

例句：I think a lot of people, women in particular, steer clear of these sensitive issues.

我認(rèn)為很多人，特別是女性，都會(huì)回避這些敏感問(wèn)題。

2020托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)：醉酒者在酒鬼身邊會(huì)感覺(jué)清醒

Volunteers in scientific studies sometimes get compensated. The payment can be cash, a gift card or something almost worthless: "It's amazing what people will do for a lollipop, when they've had a few drinks."

Simon Moore is a professor of public health research at Cardiff University in the U.K. And the lollipops were for people who agreed to blow into a breathalyzer, while out on a Friday or Saturday night in Wales—more than 1,800 people agreed to the exchange. The scores covered a wide range of alcohol intake. "So that would go from zero upwards. I think one of the largest scores we had was 120, which is a near death experience."

The researchers also gave a subset of volunteers a short survey about drinking habits and health risks. Questions like: "How drunk are you right now?" and "How extreme has your drinking been tonight?" And they found that even very drunk respondents felt relatively more sober, if they were surrounded by even drunker people. In other words: our perception of intoxication—and its risks—is relative.

"So this is the point, as you change context, perceptions will change, although the absolute level of alcohol in their system doesn't change." The study is in the journal BMC Public Health.

Moore says one way to use this finding is for better city zoning. "In the United Kingdom for example there's been a big push to put more premises that sell alcohol in the same district, in the same area. And what this does is create a concentration of drinkers. So what we might argue from this is, well let's try to break that up a little bit." Have a mix of bars, restaurants, cafes and cinemas, so drinkers will be around relatively sober people, too, instead of fellow inebriates. Which might encourage drinkers to nurse their drinks…and thus avoid the ER.

參加科學(xué)研究的志愿者們有時(shí)會(huì)得到報(bào)酬。這些報(bào)酬可能是現(xiàn)金、禮物卡、或是沒(méi)有什么價(jià)值的東西：令人驚奇的是人們?cè)诤攘藥妆茷榱艘桓舭籼撬龅氖隆?/p>

西蒙·穆?tīng)柺怯?guó)卡迪夫大學(xué)公共健康研究教授。這些棒棒糖是為同意對(duì)酒精含量測(cè)試器吹氣的人準(zhǔn)備的，這些人是會(huì)于周五、周六晚上在威爾士享受夜生活的人，最后有超過(guò)1800人同意參加這種交易。測(cè)試結(jié)果是這些人的酒精攝入量分布較廣。“所以，那會(huì)從零開(kāi)始向上增長(zhǎng)。我想我們得到的最高分值是120，這是一次瀕死體驗(yàn)?！?/p>

研究人員還對(duì)小部分志愿者進(jìn)行了飲酒習(xí)慣以及健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的簡(jiǎn)短調(diào)查。問(wèn)題如下：“你現(xiàn)在喝醉了嗎?你今天晚上喝到極限了嗎?”結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使喝得爛醉的受訪者也感覺(jué)比較清醒，當(dāng)然前提是他們周?chē)€有更醉的人。換言之，我們的醉酒知覺(jué)和醉酒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是相關(guān)的。

所以，這就是關(guān)鍵了，當(dāng)環(huán)境改變時(shí)，我們的知覺(jué)也會(huì)改變，但其實(shí)體內(nèi)酒精的真實(shí)含量并沒(méi)有變化。該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《英國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)委員會(huì)公共健康》期刊上。

穆?tīng)柋硎?，可以將此研究結(jié)果用于改善城市區(qū)域的劃分?！氨热?，英國(guó)已經(jīng)在大力推行讓更多售酒店鋪集中在同一個(gè)街區(qū)和同一個(gè)地區(qū)。這樣做是為了讓飲酒者集中起來(lái)。我們也許會(huì)對(duì)此提出質(zhì)疑，我們應(yīng)盡量對(duì)這種情況作出一點(diǎn)抵制?！比绻懈嗟木瓢伞埖?、咖啡店以及電影院這樣的混合商區(qū)，那么飲酒的人周?chē)矔?huì)有相對(duì)清醒的人，而不是同樣爛醉的人。這也許能鼓勵(lì)飲酒的人關(guān)注自己的飲酒習(xí)慣，這樣就可以避免被送到急診室。

重點(diǎn)講解：

1. in other words 換言之;換句話說(shuō);也就是說(shuō);

例句：In other words, we had better take sufficient recreation to relax after work.

換句話說(shuō)，我們最好工作后，消遣消遣來(lái)輕松一下。

2. break up (使)分裂;(被)拆分;(使)破碎;

例句：Police tried to break up the gang.

警察試圖瓦解黑幫。

3. instead of 代替…;而不是…;

例句：He chose the gun instead of the cap and gown.

他選擇當(dāng)兵而不是上大學(xué)。

4. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì);激勵(lì);

例句：If he should fail, we would encourage him to try again.

萬(wàn)一他失敗，我們就鼓勵(lì)他再試一次。