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托福寫作備考方法介紹

綜合寫作部分

考試前

1.熟悉指令。

每場考試的指令都是相同的，因此考試時(shí)沒有必要花時(shí)間仔細(xì)閱讀指令。考試之前，你一定要對考試指令嫻熟在心。

2.迅速提高記筆記的能力。

在托福寫作綜合部分中，考生必須能夠準(zhǔn)確復(fù)述Lecture中的主要信息以及它們間的邏輯聯(lián)系，因此，速記的能力就很重要了。學(xué)習(xí)并熟悉一些簡單的速記技巧會使考生在考場上獲得更多的相對優(yōu)勢。不要嘗試逐字逐句地記錄，在不影響記憶情況下，單詞可以采取縮寫。用各種符號去表達(dá)文章的邏輯關(guān)系。

考試中

1.指令一出來就立刻跳過。

你對指令應(yīng)該已很熟悉，因此只要指令一出現(xiàn)就立刻用鼠標(biāo)點(diǎn)Continue，將你的時(shí)間省下來用在答題上。如果綜合寫作任務(wù)的內(nèi)容你并不熟悉，不要擔(dān)心。所有你需要回答的信息都包含在段落里?；卮疬@些問題不需要有任何背景知識。

2.仔細(xì)地閱讀材料。

你只有有限的閱讀時(shí)間。閱讀段落時(shí)，仔細(xì)記筆記。注意主要觀點(diǎn)和主要的支持信息。不要寫下你讀到的所有內(nèi)容。不要寫下太多不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。

3.仔細(xì)聽。

每段你只能聽一次?？荚嚂r(shí)你不能重復(fù)這些段落。邊聽邊仔細(xì)記筆記。不要寫下你聽到的所有內(nèi)容。不要寫下太多不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。主要要記下所聽材料的要點(diǎn)即可。

4.組織自己的回答。

回答應(yīng)包括說明閱讀段落和聽力段落之間關(guān)系的主題句、支持主題句的重要材料、關(guān)于閱讀材料的一個(gè)段落、關(guān)于聽力材料的一個(gè)段落。

5.利用過渡詞使你的回答連貫。

如果能顯示出回答的觀點(diǎn)是如何相互關(guān)聯(lián)的，你的回答就更易被讀懂、理解。

6.堅(jiān)持使用你所知道的詞匯、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語法點(diǎn)。

這時(shí)不是你嘗試新詞匯、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語法點(diǎn)的時(shí)候。注意顯示在計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上標(biāo)題欄內(nèi)的時(shí)間。該標(biāo)題欄顯示本節(jié)考試所余時(shí)間、本節(jié)問題的總數(shù)、你所做問題的總數(shù)。

提前幾分鐘寫完你的答案，留出編輯校對的時(shí)間。你應(yīng)該利用后的3~5分鐘檢查自己的回答，看看是否有句子結(jié)構(gòu)問題和語法錯誤。

獨(dú)立寫作部分

考試前

寫作題庫，事先練習(xí)得越多，這一部分越容易獲得滿分。而且部分的成績?nèi)绻吡?，那么即便第二部分成績稍微低一點(diǎn)，終的平均分也不會太低。如果考生想在部分獲得高分，首先要做的就是熟悉作文考試可能涉及到的話題，反復(fù)閱讀若干遍，以熟悉所有話題。

考試中

要求與綜合寫作一樣。另補(bǔ)兩點(diǎn)：

1.仔細(xì)閱讀問題，一定要答為所問。在開始寫作之間，一定要花點(diǎn)時(shí)間理解問題，明確要求你做的是什么。

2.寫任何概括性句子，都要提供論據(jù)支持。對任何概括性句子，你都應(yīng)舉出例子、原因、事實(shí)或個(gè)人信息予以支持。

附：托福寫作的結(jié)構(gòu)秘訣

托福寫作的文章結(jié)構(gòu)一般來說，是五段三點(diǎn)式，也就是考生所熟知的魚骨頭(Fish Bone)式。這樣的托福寫作的文章結(jié)構(gòu)就是為普遍的議論文結(jié)構(gòu)，開頭段+中間三段+結(jié)尾段。考生們可不要小看這樣的托福寫作的文章結(jié)構(gòu)，覺得它過于簡單。

實(shí)際上，托福寫作考查的就是托?？忌欠衲苁炀氝\(yùn)用這樣的托福寫作的文章結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)自己對一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的看法。因此，在準(zhǔn)備托福寫作的時(shí)候，托?？忌鷤儜?yīng)該特別注意要熟練運(yùn)用五段三點(diǎn)式這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。

★ 開頭段

首先，一個(gè)良好的開端是非常重要的，開頭段主要用以下幾種方法來組織，即背景法(Background)， 爭議法(Controversy)，提問法(Question)，故事法(Story)和引言法(Quotation)。

以背景法為例。背景法一般會提出一種普遍的或值得關(guān)注的現(xiàn)象作為背景或者是由遠(yuǎn)到近，由大到小地談?wù)摼o扣論題的社會觀點(diǎn)作為背景。

背景(1-3句)+論題+反方觀點(diǎn)+(反方理由)+過度+(正方觀點(diǎn))+作者的觀點(diǎn)+作者的理由

以2007年8月11日的獨(dú)立寫作試題為例：

Technology makes people's lives more complicated.

題目涉及到了現(xiàn)今社會比較熱門的話題---科技。這樣，我們就可以以這種社會比較關(guān)注的現(xiàn)象作為我們作文的開頭背景。因此這個(gè)題目的首段就可以這樣開始：

Technology has had tremendous impacts on every aspect of modern life. However, people are having conflicting opinions about whether it has made people's lives more complicated or not. I believe technology has by and large made our lives more convenient.

句話就是一句緊貼社會的背景，這樣寫不但很容易打開考生自己的思路，抓住作文的焦點(diǎn)，還能引起考官的共鳴。

★ 主體

主體段落提供了論證觀點(diǎn)的理由，是整個(gè)文章的主體，在評分中占有很大的比重。一般來說，一篇議論文必須包含至少兩個(gè)主體段。

每個(gè)主體段都必須有明確的主題句“topic sentence”和若干支持句“supporting sentences”。他們共同組成文章的理由段，對全文的論點(diǎn)提供理由支持。托福君建議初學(xué)者在練習(xí)議論文寫作時(shí)，必須遵循理由段發(fā)展的幾個(gè)簡單原則，這對迅速完成理由段、構(gòu)建連貫和理由充分的議論文大有幫助。這幾個(gè)簡單原則包括：

1.每個(gè)主體段都必須有一個(gè)明確的主題句;

2.支持句必須圍繞主題句展開;

3.需要用多種方式提供細(xì)節(jié)展開段落。

我們一起來看一下第二條原則：支持句必須圍繞主題句展開，仔細(xì)看以下這個(gè)主體段：

Hobbies are important for many reasons. First, a hobby can be educational. For example, if the hobby is stamp collecting, the person can learn about the countries of the world and even some of their history. Second, engaging in a hobby can lead to meeting other people with the same interests. A person can also meet other people by going to the school.Third, a person's free time is being used in a positive way. The person has no time to be bored or get into mischief while engaged in the hobby. Finally, some hobbies can lead to a future job. A person who enjoys a hobby-related job is more satisfied with life.

這段話的topic sentence很明顯-“Hobbies are important for many reasons”，之后的支持句從三方面闡述hobby的重要性(first, second, third)，但段中這句話"A person can also meet other people by going the school"與hobby重要的原因沒有關(guān)系，因此削弱了整個(gè)段落的連貫性與統(tǒng)一性，應(yīng)該被去掉。

接下來我們再來看看第三條原則：需要用多種方式提供細(xì)節(jié)展開段落，同樣的，請看以下主體段：

The Smithsonian Institution is worth visiting for a number of reasons. The Smithsonian Institution comprises various museums that offer something for everyone. ?These museums include the National Museum of History and Technology, the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, the National Collection of Fine Arts, the National Museum of Natural History, and several others. A person can do more than just look at the exhibits. For example,? in the insect zoo at the National Museum of Natural History, anyone who so desires can handle some of the exhibits.

The museums provide unforgettable experiences. In climbing through the Skylab exhibit at the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, I was able to imagine what it would be like to be an astronaut in space. Movies shown at regular intervals aid in building an appreciation of our world. In the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, there is a theater that has a large screen. When the movie is shown, it gives the viewer the feeling that he or she is in the movie itself, either floating above the Earth in a hot-air balloon or hang gliding over cliffs.

這是一個(gè)成功的主題段，請注意這段話段落細(xì)節(jié)展開的幾種形式-提供事實(shí)、舉例、個(gè)人經(jīng)歷和描述。

★ 結(jié)尾

文章結(jié)尾段落雖然并不像開頭和中間段落那樣重要，然而沒有結(jié)尾的文章是不完整的，不符合基本寫作要求。所以考生在考場上一定要在結(jié)尾處再次聲明自己觀點(diǎn)， 或者提出新的希望，或者提出解決問題的方案，從而讓考官有一種善始善終的良好印象。如果考生能做到以上幾點(diǎn)，那么我們的作文構(gòu)思就是比較成功了。

托福寫作高分滿分范文點(diǎn)評和思路解析：從玩游戲中學(xué)到什么?

托福寫作難點(diǎn)話題一覽

Does playing games teach us about life?

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing games teaches us about life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

寫作思路展開結(jié)構(gòu)分析

玩游戲的好壞處討論算是比較熱門的話題之一，但這道題目轉(zhuǎn)了個(gè)彎，問能不能教會我們生活中的事情。大家如果支持的話可以說玩游戲的過程也能學(xué)到很多道理，比如團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的重要性，或是持之以恒的毅力等等。不支持可以說游戲就只是放松娛樂的方式，并沒有太多深刻的含義。當(dāng)然也可以用it depends的思路來說，比如玩什么游戲，怎么玩才能學(xué)到東西等等，不同情況要分開來看等等。

本話題高分范文賞析

Across the world many cultures have their own favored games. While most of these cultures created the games themselves, many of these games have similar attributes. One reason for this is that people everywhere find games entertaining. More importantly, however, games teach us about life, socialization, and about how to work as a team, and how to win and lose gracefully.

One of the most important developments one can make in his personality is the ability to socialize well with others. Having a charismatic personality will take a person far in any field. Almost all games have socialization aspect deeply ingrained in them. Football and basketball both encourage a person to treat others with respect. This is known as having good sportsmanship. Of course respecting others is a social skill that we all must learn if we are to succeed in life.

Many popular sports involve a group of people, ranging from two people to twenty people working together as a team. In these situations it is always of utmost importance to be a team player. Of course in the business world being a "team player" has become a buzzword in most offices. Being a team player means that one should work well with others in the face of adversity. Team sports are full of challenges and obstacles that a team must overcome together.

Finally most sports teach a person the value of winning and loosing gracefully. In sports etiquette it would be incredibly uncouth to start crying or throw a tantrum if one were to lose a game. Likewise if one wins a game and gloats excessively in the face of their adversary, it is equally looked down upon. The same goes in "real life." One must learn the subtleties of defeat and victory and learn to minimize their outward emotions.

In conclusion, I posit that games have much to teach us about life. To sum up they teach us how to work well with others. On a lighter note they also teach us how to have fun, which is an important life lesson in and of itself.

托福寫作高分滿分范文點(diǎn)評和思路解析：帶給學(xué)校的改變

托福寫作難點(diǎn)話題一覽

What change do you want to make in a school you attended?

If you could make one important change in a school that you attended, what change would you make? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.

寫作思路展開結(jié)構(gòu)分析

這道題目本質(zhì)上是希望考生給自己上過的學(xué)校提提意見，因此大家需要注意兩點(diǎn)，一個(gè)是要切合實(shí)際，不要提一些不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的改變，另一點(diǎn)是最好能夠聯(lián)系自身的經(jīng)歷來說，比如自己上過的學(xué)校有哪個(gè)地方不太好等等。小編相信大家對于自己的學(xué)校都是存在一些不滿意的地方的，從這個(gè)出發(fā)點(diǎn)來思考比較容易找到展開的方向。

本話題高分范文賞析

While the school system in China is generally quite good, there is one problem that I have found prevalent through all of my years of education. The problem is that the teacher to student ratio is too small. This situation was of no benefit to anyone: the teachers, or the students. If there were more teachers in each school, class sizes would be smaller, there would be a greater diversity of knowledge and information, and teachers would be less tired, and would therefore give better classes. Class sizes are overwhelmingly large in China. In many of the courses offered in elementary school and high school, there are over forty students in a class. It is very difficult to learn in this type of situation. The teacher has no time to spend with individual students who need extra help, and students are often embarrassed to ask questions in front of so many other students. If class sizes could be shrunk, the learning curve in most courses would rise dramatically. With more teachers at every school, the collective mass of knowledge and information would rise. Everyone in the world has his/her own very particular set of information. People are like snowflakes; each person is different and has varied experiences from the next person. With more people at a school, there is a wider knowledge base to draw from. This would obviously be an advantage to students, as schools could offer a wider range of courses in a variety of fields of study. Therefore, if I was given the opportunity to change one thing in the high school that I once attended, I would like to try to recruit more qualified teachers and give them more decent pays. This would benefit everyone. It is an unfortunate fact that most school districts cannot afford to make this happen.