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托福寫作和雅思寫作有哪些區(qū)別?各方面差異不同逐個分析

雅思寫作題型特征介紹

在雅思考試中，除了口語外的三門學科都是采取筆試的形式。寫作任務中的議論文部分則要求考生在40分鐘內(nèi)寫一篇至少為250個詞的文章。參加過培訓或者實際考試的考生都知道，老師在培訓的過程中常常會讓學生留45分鐘左右的時間來寫議論文。因為相對雅思寫作任務中的另一項---圖表描述作文來說，議論文所需要的構(gòu)思時間和思考表達方法的時間都要長一些。而在字數(shù)方面，雅思考試也有著比較嚴格的要求。一般如果寫不到規(guī)定的字數(shù)，考官會認為考生沒有完全完成任務，沒有提供足夠多的語言資料來讓考官評判考生的英語水平，有的考生也會因此而在考試中失分。因為雅思寫作的兩個部分在寫作總分計算的時候所取的比例不相同---圖表作文1/3;議論文2/3，議論文成為了教師培訓和學生學習的重點。

托福寫作出題特點分析

新托福考試在寫作的考試形式上則略有不同。從議論文角度來講，它要求考生在30分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇至少300個詞的文章。這個“30分鐘”的要求是不可變的。也就是說，考生即使在第一部分的綜合寫作任務中沒有用滿規(guī)定的20分鐘時間來完成，那節(jié)省下來的時間也不可能被疊加到第二個部分的獨立寫作任務，也就是議論文的寫作中去。所以單從考試時間和字數(shù)要求上來看，似乎新托福要比雅思更嚴格一些。但是，在分析了新托福滿分范文后卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多文章都沒有達到 300個詞的最少字數(shù)，卻一樣得到了滿分?？梢姡峦懈？赡芨⒅刈h論的方式和語言的質(zhì)量，而不是一味在字數(shù)上做文章。另外，新托福寫作考試的兩個部分滿分均為5分，考生最后的得分是平均了這兩個寫作任務的得分后得出的。而目前考生對綜合寫作任務的掌握情況比較陌生和不適應。相反，對于議論的邏輯和方式則比較能夠掌握，所以，新托福的教師和考生至少在這兩個任務上要花相同的精力去應對。甚至，在綜合技能寫作上花的時間要更多一些。

托福寫作更重視情境

值得一提的是，新托?？荚嚨淖谥际亲畲蟪潭饶M考生在海外學習過程中會遇到的情境(Academic Settings)，因此采用的是電腦鍵盤輸入的方式。這一方式對于考生來說既有優(yōu)點又有缺點。優(yōu)點是：因為考官在評分過程中會考慮到考生寫的議論文是第一稿，所以很多小的拼寫錯誤，甚至是不影響理解的語法錯誤都不會導致考生直接失分。而缺點為：很多考生因為不熟悉鍵盤輸入的方法或者盲打的方法而導致在考試中遭遇表達障礙。

托福寫作解析:美國環(huán)保認證法

托福綜合寫作閱讀材料：

In an effort to encourage ecologicallysustainable forestry practices, an international organization started issuingcertifications to wood companies that meet high ecological standards by onserving resources and recycling materials. Companies that receive thiscertification can attract customers by advertising their product as Ecocertified. Around the world, many wood companies have adopted new, ecologicallyfriendly practices in order to receive Eco certification. However, it is unlikelythat wood companies in the United Stated will do the same, for several reasons.

為了能過促進林業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，有個國際組織開始著手給那些達到了環(huán)保和再生利用要求的木材公司頒發(fā)認證。獲得認證的公司可以在廣告商宣傳自己是環(huán)保的，進而吸引消費者。在全球范圍內(nèi)來看，為了能得到環(huán)保認證，很多木材公司已經(jīng)開始采用了環(huán)保策略。然而，就美國的公司來講不太會采取同樣的措施，原因如下。

First, American consumers are exposed to somuch advertising that they would not value or even pay attention to the Ecocertification label. Because so many mediocre products are labeled “new” or“improved,” American consumers do not place much trust in advertising claims ingeneral.

首先，由于每天接受大量廣告的轟炸，美國消費者對于環(huán)保標簽并不是很在意。由于很多的普通產(chǎn)品都標榜“創(chuàng)新”或者“升級”，美國消費者對于廣告上生成的東西基本上不怎么信任。

Second, Eco certified wood will be moreexpensive than uncertified wood because in order to earn Eco certification, awood company must pay to have its business examined by a certification Agency.This additional cost gets passed on to consumers – American consumers tend tobe strongly motivated by price, and therefore they are likely to choose cheaperuncertified wood products. Accordingly, American wood companies will prefer tokeep their prices low rather than obtain Eco certification.

第二，環(huán)保認證后的木材會比普通木材價格昂過，因為木材公司必須向認證機構(gòu)支付審核費用才能得到相關的認證。這份額外的支出將會轉(zhuǎn)嫁給消費者，而美國的消費者對于價格非常敏感。因而，他們將傾向于選擇便宜的沒有認證的產(chǎn)品。因而，美國的木材公司還是會選擇低價格而非環(huán)保認證。

Third, although some people claim that italways makes good business sense for American companies to keep up with thedevelopments in the rest of the world, this argument is not convincing.Pursuing certification would make sense for American wood companies only ifthey marketed most of their products abroad. But that is not the case –American wood businesses sell most of their products in the United States,catering to a very large customer base that is satisfied with themerchandise.

第三，盡管有人聲稱這樣可以使美國的公司保持敏銳的商業(yè)觸覺，跟上世界發(fā)展的腳步。但是，這樣的說法是站不住腳的。只有當美國的木材公司主要市場是針對海外的時候，追求環(huán)保認證才變得有意義。但事實卻并非如此。美國木材公司的產(chǎn)品主要在美國銷售，而滿足了主要消費者的需求就可以保證商業(yè)運行順暢。

托福綜合寫作閱讀部分需要提取的觀點是：

- Main point: 環(huán)保認證對于美國木材公司意義不大

- Sub point 1:美國消費者對于廣告上的環(huán)保認證并不信任

- Sub point 2:環(huán)保認證會提高產(chǎn)品價格，而美國的消費者對于價格敏感

- Sub point 3:這項認證只對海外市場有效，而美國木材公司的市場主要在國內(nèi)

托福寫作解析:Children and sports

托福寫作題目：

Some young children spend a great amount of their time practicing sports. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

參考分析：

優(yōu)點：對身體健康有好處;有助于培養(yǎng)與人和睦相處的能力;缺點：耽誤學習，instant pleasure costs long-term benefits.

花很長時間搞體育的優(yōu)點

(1)身體健康

(2)促進團隊精神

(3)交很多朋友

花很長時間搞體育的缺點：耽誤學習

參考范文：

Children and sports

Currently some young children spend a great amount of their time in practicing sports. Most parents feel quite happy because sports are good for their kids' development and team work spirit,however they are quite worried about some negative effects such as practicing sports occupies too much time, distracts their attentions on school work and loses certain interests on other activities. In my opinion, everything has its good side and bad side. The important thing is to handle it properly.

Admittedly, practicing sports can help children's physical development, which makes them grow faster and stronger than before. As we know, during children's development periods, especially from 10 to 16 years old, sports are really helpful for children to develop. Sports can create a strong body that reduces the possibility of contracting some diseases easily. Definitely we believe that children benefit from sports.

Another good thing is that sports teach us to learn how to corporate with other members in a team. Most sports are team work. If we want to play them well, we must master some skills to care about what our team members are thinking and how to adapt each other to achieve a common goal. Sports are not an individual activity, it needs corporation and mutual understanding. This is not easy to master. Of course, for parents they are delightful to see their children to get this skill from sports.

托福寫作解析:怎么讓新生適應學校生活

全新托福獨立寫作題目：

你的大學要讓新生了解、適應學校生活。新生有兩個選擇：

1.attending a one-week orientation orintroduction program when you are in the university campus, and it will beginbefore you have the classes;

2.meeting regularly in your first yearwith a student in your major field who has entered the university for severalyears.

這是一道典型的校園類話題，相對來說比較容易。如果選擇第2個選項，可以寫的理由是：

1.學長學姐更有經(jīng)驗，可以定期交流學習和課外活動等方面的經(jīng)驗;

2.學長學姐可以提供選擇的專業(yè)相關的信息，比如選什么課，如何為未來的職業(yè)做好準備;

3.雖然orientation在開學之前，但是熟悉適應的時間很短，只有一周時間，了解不深入

最新托福獨立寫作題目回憶版本二：

in order to make freshmen adapt to college life, which one is more helpful?

1.take part in the orientation program for a week;

2.meet regularly with seniors in the same major

寫作思路：

本次綜合寫作以及獨立寫作難度中等。

選擇二：1. 學長學姐們對環(huán)境更熟悉，可以有針對性地給新生提出生活方面的指導和建議2.定期見面可以及時了解問題，解決問題

讓步段：新生見面會會促進大家建立關系

Key sentences:

1. Seniors are more familiar with the surroundings and thus more likely to provide useful advice for them.

2. The problems freshmen are faced with can be tackled effectively and timely through regular meeting.

Certainly, the orientation program can promote the establishment of close relationship among freshmen.

key words & phrase

be beneficial / conducive to, Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions

and avoid unfavorable ones, Take the essence and discard the dregs.

最新托福獨立寫作題目回憶版本三：

現(xiàn)在的很多大學為了讓學生盡早適應校園生活采取了 很多種方法如果你是即將入學的一名大學生你認為下列的哪種方式最為合適。

1. attending a one-week orientation or introduction program when you are in the university campus, and it will begin before you have the classes.

2. Meeting regularly at your first year with a student in your major field who has entered the university for several years.

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