教案是具體講課方案,是實(shí)施教學(xué)的主要依據(jù),是授課教師教學(xué)思想,教學(xué)組織能力,教學(xué)方法的重要體現(xiàn),是教師教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的結(jié)晶.下面是小編給大家整理的全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程4教案5篇，希望對大家能有所幫助!
全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程4教案1
Peggy Noonan lives in New York and writes a weekly column for The Wall Street Journal. This piece is taken from one of them. In it she reflects on her week and on life in the city. Writing less than a year away from the destruction of the World Trade Center, her thoughts are inevitably affected by that terrible event.
佩吉·諾南住在紐約，每周為《華爾街時(shí)報(bào)》撰寫專欄文章。本文即其中一篇。她在文章中反思了自己的一周以及這個(gè)城市的生活。撰寫此文時(shí)，離世貿(mào)中心被毀還不到一周年，她的思考不可避免地帶有這一可怕事件的陰影。
The Nightmare and the Dreams
夢魘與夢想
-- How has Sept. 11 affected our national unconscious?
――9·11事件如何影響了國民的潛意識(shí)?
PEGGY NOONAN
佩吉·諾南
It is hot in New York. It is so hot that once when I had a fever a friend called and asked me how I felt and I said, "You know how dry and hot paper feels when it's been faxed? That's how I feel." And how I felt all day yesterday. It is hot. We feel as if we've been faxed.
紐約真熱。天氣如此炎熱，因此，有一次我發(fā)高燒，朋友打電話來問候我感覺如何時(shí)，我就說，“你知道發(fā)傳真時(shí)紙張有多干燥多燙手嗎?那就是我的感覺。”昨天整整一天我都是這種感覺。太熱了。我們覺得自己被傳真過似的。
I found myself fully awake at 5 a.m. yesterday and went for a walk on the Brooklyn Bridge. Now more than ever the bridge seems like a great gift to my city. It spans. In the changed landscape of downtown it is our undisturbed beauty, grown ever more stately each year. People seem to love it more now, or at least mention it more or notice it more. So do I. It's always full of tourists but always full of New Yorkers, too.
昨天清晨5點(diǎn)我就完全醒了，便去布魯克林大橋散步。如今這座大橋越發(fā)像是賜予我們這個(gè)城市的一件貴重禮物。它跨河而立。在業(yè)已改變的市區(qū)景觀中，它依舊是一道美麗的景致，年復(fù)一年，越發(fā)顯得氣勢非凡。如今，人們似乎更喜歡它，至少是更多地提到它、注意到它。本人也一樣。橋上總是擠滿游客，也總是擠滿紐約居民。
I am struck, as I always am when I'm on it, that I am walking on one of the engineering wonders of the world. And I was struck yesterday that I was looking at one of the greatest views in the history of man's creation, Manhattan at sunrise.
我在這座橋上行走時(shí)總是深感驕傲，因?yàn)樽约郝皆谑澜绻こ碳夹g(shù)一大奇跡之上;今天踏上這座橋，我同樣深感驕傲。昨天我深受感動(dòng)，因?yàn)槲以谟^看有人類創(chuàng)造史以來最輝煌的景象之一：曼哈頓日出。
And all of it was free. A billionaire would pay billions to own this bridge and keep this view, but I and my jogging, biking and hiking companions have it for nothing. We inherited it. Now all we do is pay maintenance, in the form of taxes. We are lucky.
而且那是分文不花的。億萬富翁要想擁有這座橋，將這一景致占為己有，那得付出億萬錢財(cái)，而我以及那些或慢跑、或騎車、或徒步的同行者卻能免費(fèi)享用。我們繼承了這座大橋。如今我們所要做的只是以納稅的方式支付維修費(fèi)用。我輩實(shí)屬有幸。
As I rounded the entrance to the bridge on the Brooklyn side, a small moment added to my happiness. It was dawn, traffic was light, I passed a black van with smoked windows. In the driver's seat with the window down was a black man of 30 or so, a cap low on his brow, wearing thick black sunglasses. I was on the walkway that leads to the bridge; he was less than two feet away; we were the only people there. We made eye contact. "Good morning!" he said. "Good morning to you," I answered, and for no reason at all we started to laugh, and moved on into the day. Nothing significant in it except it may or may not have happened that way 30 or 40 years ago. I'm not sure the full charge of friendliness would have been assumed or answered.
我從布魯克林一邊上橋時(shí)，一件小事更增添了我的快樂。天剛亮，車輛稀少，我與一輛車窗熏黑的黑色面包車擦肩而過。窗開著的駕駛座里坐著一個(gè)30歲左右的黑人，帽子低低地壓在眉檐上，戴著一副厚厚的黑色太陽鏡。我走在通往大橋的人行道上，他距我不到兩英尺;周圍只有我們兩個(gè)人。我們目光對視。“早上好!”他說?！霸缟虾?，”我回答著，兩人隨即無緣無故地大笑起來，笑罷各人繼續(xù)各人的生活。這事并沒有什么特別的意義，只是30年或40年前是不是會(huì)發(fā)生這樣的事。我不知道那時(shí)會(huì)不會(huì)有這種完全友好的表示，又會(huì)不會(huì)得到回應(yīng)。
It made me think of something I saw Monday night on TV. They were showing the 1967 movie "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner?" with Katharine Hepburn, Sidney Poitier and Spencer Tracy, about a young white woman and a young black man who fall in love, hope to marry and must contend with disapproving parents on both sides. It's held up well, and parts of it seemed moving in a way I didn't remember, and pertinent.
這讓我想起星期一晚上看的電視節(jié)目。他們播放的是1967年的影片《猜猜誰來赴晚餐》，由凱瑟琳·赫本、辛尼·普瓦提艾和斯潘塞·特雷西主演，講的是一個(gè)白人姑娘與一個(gè)黑人小伙子相愛，想要結(jié)婚，不得不與持反對態(tài)度的雙方父母做斗爭。影片拍得不錯(cuò)，故事的部分細(xì)節(jié)似乎很感人，如何感人我記不清楚了，反正很切題。
There was a bit of dialogue that packed a wallop. Spencer Tracy as the father of the would-be bride is pressing Mr. Poitier on whether he has considered the sufferings their mixed-race children might have to endure in America. Has he thought about this? Has his fiancée? "She is optimistic," says Mr. Poitier. "She thinks every one of them will grow up to become president of the United States. I on the other hand would settle for secretary of state." Those words, written 35 years ago may have seemed dreamy then. But in its audience when the movie came out would likely have been a young, film-loving Army lieutenant named Colin Powell who, that year, was preparing for a second tour of duty in Vietnam. And now he is secretary of state. This is the land dreams are made of. Does that strike you as a corny thing to say and talk about? It is. That's another great thing.
有幾段對話讓人為之震動(dòng)。飾演未來新娘父親的斯潘塞·特雷西質(zhì)問普瓦提艾先生，他是否想過他們混血的孩子在美國將會(huì)承受多少痛苦。他考慮過這點(diǎn)嗎?他的未婚妻考慮過這點(diǎn)嗎?“她很樂觀，”普瓦提艾先生說。“她認(rèn)為他們每個(gè)人都能長大成人當(dāng)上美國總統(tǒng)。而我則覺得他們能當(dāng)國務(wù)卿也就可以了?！边@些寫于35年前的話當(dāng)時(shí)聽上去或許就像是癡人說夢。但影片上映時(shí)，觀眾中可能就有愛看電影的年輕的陸軍中尉科林·鮑威爾，當(dāng)年他正準(zhǔn)備第二次到越南去服役。如今他正擔(dān)任著國務(wù)卿一職。這是個(gè)夢想成真的國度。這么說你是否覺得有點(diǎn)老生常談?這又是一件美妙的事情。
Late Tuesday, on a subway ride from Brooklyn to the north of Manhattan, I resaw something I'd noticed and forgotten about. It is that more and more, on the streets and on the train, I see people wearing ID tags. We all wear IDs now. We didn't use to. They hang from thick cotton string or an aluminum chain; they're worn one at a time or three at a time, but they're there.
星期二晚些時(shí)候，在從布魯克林開往曼哈頓北部的地鐵上，我又看到一個(gè)我注意過，可后來又忘了的現(xiàn)象。那就是大街上，地鐵里，我越來越經(jīng)常地發(fā)現(xiàn)人們掛著表明身份的胸卡。如今人人都佩帶胸卡。過去我們是不帶的。胸卡吊在粗棉線或鋁制鏈上;有的佩帶一張，有的同時(shí)佩帶三張，反正胸卡處處可見。
I ponder the implications. What does it mean that we wear IDs? What are we saying, or do we think we're saying? I mean aside from the obvious.
我思索著這一現(xiàn)象意味著什么。大家隨身攜帶身份證件，這意味著什么?我們是在表明什么?或者說我們自以為是在表明什么?我指的是表象之外的意義。
I imagined yesterday the row of people across from me on the train, looking up all of a sudden from their newspaper and answering one after another:
假設(shè)昨天地鐵車廂里我對面的那排人一下子放下報(bào)紙?zhí)痤^來，逐個(gè)回答道：
"It means I know who I am," says the man in blue shirt and suspenders.
“這意味著我知道自己是誰，”穿藍(lán)襯衫和吊褲帶的那個(gè)男子說。
"It means I can get into the building," says the woman in gray.
“這意味著我能進(jìn)辦公樓，”那個(gè)灰衣女子說。
"It means I am a solid citizen with a job."
“這表明我是個(gè)有職業(yè)的體面公民?！?/p>
"I am known to others in my workplace."
“在工作場所別人知道我是誰?！?/p>
"I'm not just blowing through life, I'm integrated into it. I belong to something. I receive a regular paycheck."
“我不是在混日子，我融入了生活。我有所歸屬。我有固定的工資?！?/p>
"I have had a background check done by security and have been found to be a Safe Person. Have you?"
“安檢部門對我的背景來歷核查過，認(rèn)定我為人可靠。你呢?”
I wonder if unemployed people on the train look at the tags around the other peoples' necks and think. Soon I hope I'll have one too. I wonder if kids just getting their first job at 17 will ever know that in America we didn't all use to be ID'd. Used to be only for people who worked in nuclear power plants or great halls of government. Otherwise you could be pretty obscure. Which isn't a bad way to be.
我不知道車上那些失業(yè)的人看著別人頭頸里吊著的胸卡，會(huì)不會(huì)有什么想法。我希望不久我也有張胸卡。我不知道那些剛剛開始工作的17歲的小伙子們會(huì)不會(huì)知曉，以前在美國，我們并不是人人攜帶身份證的。過去只有在核電站或政府辦公大樓里工作的人才用。在別處，沒人會(huì)知道你是誰。這可不是件壞事。
A month ago there were news reports of a post-Sept. 11 baby boom. Everyone was so rocked by news of their mortality that they realized there will never be a perfect time to have kids but we're here now so let's have a family. I believed the baby boom story and waited for the babies.
一個(gè)月前，有關(guān)于9·11事件之后出現(xiàn)生育高峰的新聞報(bào)道。大家為那些關(guān)于死亡的報(bào)道所震驚，意識(shí)到?jīng)Q沒有什么生養(yǎng)孩子的時(shí)機(jī)，現(xiàn)在我們既然活著，就該生兒育女。我相信關(guān)于生育高峰報(bào)道的真實(shí)性，期待著這些孩子的出生。
Then came the stories saying: Nah, there is no baby boom, it's all anecdotal, there's no statistical evidence to back it up. And I believed that too. But I've been noticing something for weeks now. In my neighborhood there is a baby boom. There are babies all over in Brooklyn. It is full of newborns, of pink soft-limbed infants in cotton carriers on daddy's chest. It is full of strollers, not only regular strollers but the kind that carry two children -- double-wides. And triple-wides. I don't care what anyone says, there have got to be data that back up what I'm seeing: that after Sept. 11, there was at least a Brooklyn baby boom.
后來又有報(bào)道說，不對，沒有什么生育高峰，那完全是道聽途說，并沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)加以證實(shí)。我也相信這一報(bào)道的真實(shí)性。但好幾個(gè)星期以來我一直關(guān)注著一個(gè)情況。我家附近出現(xiàn)了生育高峰。布魯克林到處都是嬰兒。處處可見新生嬰兒，處處可見粉嘟嘟的、小手小腳軟軟的嬰兒，他們蜷伏在父親胸前的棉兜里。處處可見嬰兒小推車，不僅是普通的小推車，還有那種可放兩個(gè)嬰兒的小推車。甚至還有可放三個(gè)嬰兒的小推車。別人怎么說我不管，應(yīng)該有數(shù)據(jù)證實(shí)我目睹的情況：9·11事件之后，至少在布魯克林出現(xiàn)了生育高峰。
A dream boom, too. The other day I spoke with a friend I hadn't seen since the world changed. He was two blocks away when the towers fell, and he saw everything. We have all seen the extraordinary footage of that day, seen it over and over, but few of us have seen what my friend described: how in the office buildings near the World Trade Center they stood at the windows and suddenly darkness enveloped them as the towers collapsed and the demonic cloud swept through. Did you see those forced to jump? I asked.
夜夢也激增。一天我跟事件發(fā)生后一直沒見過面的一位朋友交談。世貿(mào)大樓倒下時(shí)，他就在兩個(gè)街區(qū)之外，目睹了一切。我們都看過當(dāng)日那令人震驚的電視鏡頭，看過一遍又一遍，但很少有人看到過我朋友所描述的情景：在世貿(mào)中心近旁的辦公大樓里，他們站在窗邊，突然黑暗將他們籠罩，那兩幢樓倒塌了，可怕的濃煙迅速蔓延。你有沒有看到那些被迫往下跳的人?我問。
"Yes," he said, and looked away.
“看到，”他說著移開了視線。
Have you had bad dreams?
你有沒有做噩夢?
"Yes," he said, and looked away.
“做的，”他說著，仍看著別處。
I thought about this for a few days. My friend is brilliant and by nature a describer of things felt and seen. But not this time. I spoke to a friend who is a therapist. Are your patients getting extraordinary dreams? I asked.
我好幾天都想著這事。我的這位朋友才華橫溢，天生擅長描述自己的感受與見聞。但這次卻例外。我跟一位當(dāng)治療專家的朋友交談。你的病人是不是都做些稀奇古怪的夢?我問。
"Always," he laughs.
“總是做那樣的夢，”他笑了起來。
Sept.11-related?
都跟9·11事件有關(guān)?
"Yes," he says, "mostly among adolescents. "
“是的，”他說，“主要都是青少年?！?/p>
I asked if he was saving them, writing them down. He shook his head no.
我問他有沒有把這些夢收集好記下來。他搖了搖頭。
So: The Sept. 11 Dream Project. We should begin it. I want to, though I'm not sure why. I think maybe down the road I will try to write about them. Maybe not. I am certain, however, that dreams can be an expression of a nation's unconscious, if there can be said to be such a thing, and deserve respect. (Carl Jung thought so.)
是啊：9·11夢錄項(xiàng)目。我們應(yīng)該著手進(jìn)行了。本人有意去做，雖說我自己也不太清楚到底為什么。我想，以后也許我會(huì)試著把那些夢寫下來。也許不會(huì)。但我相信，夢可以反映國民的潛意識(shí)――如果真有所謂潛意識(shí)――而且值得把夢當(dāng)一回事。(卡爾·榮格持肯定態(tài)度。)
To respect is to record. Send in your Sept. 11 related dream -- recurring, unusual, striking, whatever. I will read them, and appreciate them and possibly weave them into a piece on what Sept. 11 has done to our dream lives and to our imaginations, when our imaginations are operating on their own, unfettered, unstopped, spanning.
既然值得當(dāng)回事就要記錄下來。請把你做的與9·11事件有關(guān)的夢寄給我――一再重復(fù)的，不同尋常的，驚人的，等等。我會(huì)閱讀你們的來函，會(huì)理解，可能的話會(huì)將它們編成一篇文章，反映9·11事件對我們的夢幻生活和想象力――即當(dāng)我們的想象力獨(dú)立地、無拘無束地、毫無牽絆地持續(xù)發(fā)揮時(shí)――產(chǎn)生了什么影響。
全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程4教案2
Han Suyin was born in Beijing in . Her father was a Chinese railway engineer and her mother a Dutch lady. She is a physician and the author of many works, including A Mortal Flower, which tells of the experiences of the author and her family, both in and out of China. This excerpt describes the author's experience of looking for her first job in the early s.
韓素音年生于北京。她父親是中國鐵路工程師，母親是位荷蘭女子。她是醫(yī)生，也是作家，著述頗豐，其中包括《塵世的花》。此書講述了作者及其家庭在國內(nèi)外的經(jīng)歷。下述節(jié)錄描寫了作者在上世紀(jì)年代初第一次找工作的經(jīng)歷。
A Mortal Flower
塵世的花
Han Suyin
韓素音
The day after meeting Hilda I wrote a letter to the Rockefeller Foundation, applying for a job.
遇見希爾達(dá)的第二天，我就給洛克菲勒基金會(huì)寫信申請工作。
Neither Father nor Mother thought I would get in. "You have to have pull. It's an American thing, Rockefeller Foundation. You must have pull."
父母親都覺得我不會(huì)被錄用?！澳阋泻笈_(tái)才行。那可是一家美國機(jī)構(gòu)，洛克菲勒基金會(huì)。你一定要有后臺(tái)。”
Mother said: "That's where they do all those experiments on dogs and people. All the Big Shots of the Nanking government also came here to have medical treatment, and sometimes took away a nurse to become a new wife."
母親說：“那里，他們在狗和人身上做各種試驗(yàn)。南京政府所有的頭面人物也都來這里看病，有時(shí)還帶走個(gè)護(hù)士做姨太太?！?/p>
It made sense to me, typing in a hospital; I would learn about medicine, since I wanted to study medicine. And as there was no money at home for me to study, I would earn money, and prepare myself to enter medical school. I had already discovered that a convent-school education was not at all adequate, and that it would take me at least three more years of hard study before being able to enter any college at all. Science, mathematics, Chinese literature and the classics . . .with the poor schooling given to me, it would take me years to get ready for a university.
在醫(yī)院里當(dāng)打字員，對我挺合適。那樣我就能了解一些醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)，這很重要，因?yàn)槲蚁雽W(xué)醫(yī)。家里沒錢供我上學(xué)，所以我得掙錢，自己想辦法上醫(yī)學(xué)院。我已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)在女隱修會(huì)學(xué)校的教育遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，要想上大學(xué)，自己至少得再努力三年才行。科學(xué)、物理、數(shù)學(xué)、中國文學(xué)、古典文學(xué)……就憑我學(xué)的那么點(diǎn)兒功課，要上大學(xué)還得準(zhǔn)備好多年。
"I will do it," But clenched teeth, decision tearing my bowels, were not enough; there was no money, no money, my mother said it, said it until I felt as if every scrap of food I ate was wrenched off my father's body.
“我要上大學(xué)，”可是，咬牙切齒痛下決心是無濟(jì)于事的;家里沒錢，根本沒錢，母親說的，整天這么說，讓我覺得自己吃的每一小口東西仿佛都是從父親身上撕下來的。
"No one is going to feed you doing nothing at home." Of course, one who does not work must not eat unless one can get married, which is called: "being settled at last." But with my looks I would never get married; I was too thin, too sharp, too ugly. Mother said it, Elder Brother had said it. Everyone agreed that I should work, because marriage would be difficult for me.
“你在家里閑著不做事，誰來供養(yǎng)你?！碑?dāng)然，不工作就沒飯吃，除非嫁人，那叫做“終于有了歸宿?！笨烧撐业拈L相一輩子也嫁不出去;我太瘦小，嘴快人丑。母親這么說。大哥這么說過。人人都覺得我該找事干，因?yàn)榧奕宋沂菦]指望了。
Within a week a reply came. The morning postman brought it, and I choked over my milk and coffee. "I'm to go for an interview. At the Peking Union Medical College. To the Comptroller's office."
不到一個(gè)星期，回信就來了。早上送信的郵差送來的，我正喝著加奶咖啡，一下子給嗆著了。“我要去面試。在北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院。審計(jì)主任的辦公室。”
Father and Mother were pleased. Mother put the coffee pot down and took the letter. "What good paper, so thick." But how could we disguise the fact that I was not [even] fifteen years old? I had claimed to be sixteen in the letter. In fact, said Papa, it was not a lie since Chinese are a year old when born, and if one added the New Year as an extra year, as do the Cantonese and the Hakkas, who became two years old when they reach their first New Year (so that a baby born on December st would be reckoned two years old on the following January nd), I could claim to being sixteen.
父母親都挺高興。母親放下咖啡壺，取過信?！岸嗪玫募垼@么厚實(shí)。”可我們怎么才能掩飾我還不到15足歲的事實(shí)呢?我在信里說自己16歲。其實(shí)，爸爸說，這也不是撒謊，因?yàn)橹袊松聛砭褪?歲，要是到了新年再加歲，就像廣東人和客家人那樣，他們第一次過新年就2歲了(所以說12月31日生的孩子到了1月2日就已經(jīng)2歲了)，那么我可以說自己16歲了。
"You look sixteen," said Mama; "all you have to do is to stop hopping and picking your pimples. And lengthen your skirt."
“你看上去有16歲，”媽媽說?！澳阒灰?jiǎng)e再蹦蹦跳跳的、別再掐臉上的粉刺就行了。還有就是把裙子放放長?！?/p>
What dress should I wear? I had two school uniforms, a green dress, a brown dress, and one dress with three rows of frills for Sunday, too dressy for an interview. I had no shoes except flat-heeled school shoes, and tennis shoes. There was no time to make a dress and in those years no ready-made clothes existed, so Mother lengthened the green dress. I squeezed two pimples on my forehead, then went to the East market and bought some face powder, Butterfly brand, pink, made in Shanghai by a Japanese firm.
我該穿哪件衣服呢?我有兩套校服，一套綠的和一套褐色的女服，還有一條綴著三排花邊的女服，是過節(jié)穿的，穿著去面試太花哨了。我也沒什么鞋，只有學(xué)校發(fā)的平跟鞋，還有球鞋?，F(xiàn)做是來不及了，那時(shí)又沒成衣出售，所以母親就把那套綠顏色的服裝放放長。我掐了額頭上的兩粒粉刺，接著去東單買了些蝴蝶牌香粉，粉紅色的，是一家日本公司在上海生產(chǎn)的。
The next morning, straw-hatted, with powder on my nose, I went with my father to the gates of the hospital.
第二天上午，我?guī)е弊樱亲由喜肓朔?，跟父親來到醫(yī)院門口。
"It's not this gate, this is for the sick. It's the other gate, round the corner," said the porter.
“不是這個(gè)門，這是病人走的。走另外一扇門，拐彎就是，”看門的說。
The Yu Wang Fu Palace occupied a whole city block. We walked along its high grey outer wall, hearing the dogs scream in the kennels, and came to its other gate, which was the Administration building gate. It had two large stone lions, one male, one female. We crossed the marble courtyard, walked up the steps with their carved dragons coiling in the middle, into an entrance hall, with painted beams and intricate painted ceiling, red lacquered pillars, huge lamps. There was cork matting on the stone floor.
御王府占了整整一個(gè)街區(qū)。我們繞青灰高墻走，一路聽見狗在窩里尖叫，走著走著到了另一扇大門，是行政樓的門。門前是一公一母兩個(gè)大石獅子。我們穿過大理石庭院，走上正中雕有蟠龍的臺(tái)階，來到前廳，看見精致的雕梁畫棟，丹漆柱子，還有高高大大的燈臺(tái)。青石地面上鋪著軟木墊。
"I'll leave you," said Papa. "Try to make a good impression. " And he was gone.
“我走了，”爸爸說?！白⒁饨o人留個(gè)好印象。”說著他就走了。
I found the Comptroller's office easily; there was a messenger in the hall directing visitors. An open door, a room, two typewriters clattering and two women making them clatter.
我沒費(fèi)周折就找到了審計(jì)主任的辦公室;廳里有個(gè)當(dāng)差的給來訪者作指點(diǎn)。一扇開著的門，一間屋子，屋里兩臺(tái)咔嗒作響的打字機(jī)，兩位女士咔嗒咔嗒在打字。
I stood at the door and one of the women came to me. She had the new style of hair, all upstanding curls, which I admired, a dress with a print round the hem; she was very pregnant, so that her belly seemed to be coming at me first. She smiled. "Hello, what can I do for you?"
我站在門口，其中一位女士走上前來。她留著新式的發(fā)型，是我所喜歡的那種滿頭卷發(fā)豎立著的式樣，穿著沿褶邊印有花紋的裙子。由于她懷孕已快足月，所以她向我走過來時(shí)似乎是她的肚子最先到達(dá)我面前。她微微一笑?！澳愫茫惺聝簡?”
"I have an interview."
“我是來面試的。”
She took the letter from my hand. "Glad you could come. Now, just sit you down. No, sit down there. I'll tell Mr. Harned you've come."
她從我手里接過信?！罢娓吲d你來了。這樣吧，你先坐下。不，坐那兒。我去跟哈內(nèi)德先生說你來了。”
The office had two other doors besides the one to the corridor, on one was "Comptroller." That was the one she went through and returned from.
除了通走廊的門，辦公室另外還有兩扇門，一扇門上寫著“審計(jì)主任”。她從這扇門走了進(jìn)去，一會(huì)兒又走出來。
"Mr. Harned will see you now."
“哈內(nèi)德先生這就見你?！?/p>
Mr. Harned was very tall, thin, with a small bald head, a long chin, enormous glasses. I immediately began to quiver with fright. His head was like a temple on top of a mountain, like the white pagoda on the hill in the North Sea Park. I could not hear a word of what he said. A paper and a pencil were in my hand, however, and Harned was dictating to me, giving me a speed test in shorthand.
哈內(nèi)德先生高高瘦瘦，小小的禿腦袋，尖尖的下巴，那副眼鏡奇大無比。我一下子害怕得哆嗦起來。他的腦袋就像是山頂上的廟宇，就像北海公園山上的白塔。他說了些什么我一句也沒聽進(jìn)?？晌沂掷锬弥埡凸P，我怎么辦呢。哈內(nèi)德在給我口授著什么，讓我做速記的速度測試。
I went out of his office and the pregnant secretary sat me in front of her own typewriter. I turned a stricken face to her, "I couldn't hear. I couldn't hear what he said..."
我走出他的辦公室，那個(gè)懷孕的秘書讓我在她的打字機(jī)前坐下。我愁眉苦臉地對她說：“我沒聽清。他說的我沒聽清……”
"Wait, I'll tell him." She bustled off. At the other desk was a blonde, thin girl, who had thrown one look at me and then gone back to clattering. The pregnant one reappeared, a pink sheet in hand: "Now just copy this on the typewriter, best you can."
“別急，我去跟他說?！彼掖易唛_去。另一張桌子前坐著的是一個(gè)苗條的金發(fā)姑娘，她看了我一眼，接著又咔嗒咔嗒打字了。懷孕的那位回來了，手里拿著一張粉紅色的紙：“你就把這個(gè)打一份，盡你努力吧?！?/p>
I hit the keys, swiftly; the typewriter was the same make as mine, a Royal.
我快速擊打著字鍵;打字機(jī)的牌子跟我自己的那臺(tái)一樣，是皇家牌的。
"My, you are fast. I'll tell Mr. Harned."
“喲，你打得真夠快的。我要去跟哈內(nèi)德先生說?！?/p>
And Mr. Harned came out, benign behind those enormous goggle glasses. "Well, Miss Chou, we've decided to take you on as a typist, at thirty-five dollars a month. To start Monday. Is that all right?"
哈內(nèi)德先生走了出來，他戴著那副奇大的有色眼鏡，看上去和顏悅色?！靶校苄〗?，我們決定聘用你當(dāng)打字員，一個(gè)月35美元。星期一開始上班。行嗎?”
I nodded, unable to speak. Had he said ten dollars I would have accepted.
我點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，話都說不出來。他即使說10美元我也會(huì)答應(yīng)。
The kind secretary said: "Now take your time, and wipe your face. How old are you, by the way?"
那位好心的秘書說：“好了，別著急，擦擦臉。對了，你多大了?”
"Sixteen, nearly."
“16，快了?！?/p>
"Is that all? Why my eldest is bigger than you, and she isn't through school yet. I told Mr. Harned you were shy and upset, and that's why you couldn't take dictation. He's all right, just takes getting used to, that's all."
“才16?瞧，我的大閨女都比你大，她還沒畢業(yè)哪。我跟哈內(nèi)德先生說了，你剛才是因害羞不安而沒法做記錄的。他挺不錯(cuò)的，只要慢慢習(xí)慣起來就行了?！?/p>
"I couldn't understand his English."
“我聽不懂他說的英語?！?/p>
"Oh, you'll get used to it. Now, I won't be around on Monday, I'm going to have a baby. It's your letter that got them interested in you, you wrote such good English, better than all the other letters we've had. Mr. Harned will give you a try." She whispered, "I put in a good word for you."
“嗯，你會(huì)習(xí)慣的。好了，星期一我不來了，我要生孩子了。是你的信引起了他們對你的興趣，你的英文寫得真好，寫得比我們收到的其他的信都好。哈內(nèi)德先生要試試你。”她壓低了聲音說：“我?guī)湍阏f了好話。”
"Thanks, thanks a lot, ... I need the money, I ..."
“謝謝，多謝了，…… 我需要錢，我……”
"Yes, dear, we know." Obviously she wanted her typewriter back, and her chair. I was still sitting on it. "Well, bye-bye for now; hope you enjoy yourself in this job. I've been here six months and I've enjoyed every minute. Don't let Mr. Harned worry you; he's really great, once you get used to him."
“是啊，孩子，我們明白?！憋@然她想坐回到自己的椅子里，回到打字機(jī)前。可我還坐在那張椅子上呢。“好了，再見了;但愿你喜歡這活兒。我在這兒干了六個(gè)月了，一直干得挺開心。別因?yàn)榕鹿?nèi)德先生而發(fā)愁;他人真的挺好，只要你習(xí)慣了就行了?！?/p>
I had a job, had a job, had a job.
我有工作了，有工作了，有工作了。
全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程4教案3
Steve Shladover outlines the benefits to be gained from vehicles that could drive themselves and discusses how this could be achieved.
斯蒂夫·施多弗闡述了能自動(dòng)運(yùn)行的車輛的諸多裨益，并詳細(xì)論述了如何將其變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。
Intelligent Vehicles
智能車輛
Steve Shladover
斯蒂夫·施多弗
Even when cars were still young, futurists began thinking about vehicles that could drive themselves, without human help. Perhaps the best known of these conjectures was the General Motors Futurama, the hit of the New York World's Fair. Now, at the start of the new century, it's worth taking a fresh look at this concept and asking how automation might change transportation and the quality of our lives.
還在汽車問世之初，未來學(xué)家就開始設(shè)想無需人來操縱便能自動(dòng)運(yùn)行的車輛將是什么樣兒的。這類設(shè)想最出名的或許是年紐約世界博覽會(huì)上轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的由通用汽車公司推出的“未來城市風(fēng)光”。今天，在世紀(jì)之初，以新的目光去審視這樣的設(shè)想，去探討自動(dòng)化將如何改變交通以及我們的生活質(zhì)量，是頗具價(jià)值的。
Consider some of the implications of cars that could drive themselves.
且來看一看能自動(dòng)運(yùn)行的汽車意味著什么。
We might eliminate the more than ninety percent of traffic crashes that are caused by human errors such as misjudgments and inattention.
我們或許能消除%以上由于判斷失誤以及疏忽等人為因素造成的交通事故。
We might reduce antisocial driving behavior such as road rage, thereby significantly reducing the stress of driving.
我們或許能減少野蠻開車這類有害公眾利益的開車行為，從而大大減輕行車壓力。
The entire population, including the young, the old, and the infirm, might enjoy a higher level of mobility without requiring advanced driving skills.
社會(huì)全體成員，包括老老少少與體弱者，也許都不需習(xí)得嫻熟的駕車技巧就能較為自由地奔馳了。
The luxury of being chauffeured to your destination might be enjoyed by all, not just the wealthiest individuals.
被開車接送也許會(huì)成為世人共同的享受，而不僅僅是最富裕階層的一種奢侈。
Fuel consumption and pollution might be reduced by smoothing traffic flow and running vehicles close enough to each other to benefit from aerodynamic drafting.
車流通暢，相互緊隨行駛的車輛能利用前車產(chǎn)生的較小的空氣阻力，這些都可能減少油耗和污染。
Traffic-management decisions might be based on firm knowledge of vehicle responses to instructions, rather than on guesses about the choices that drivers might make.
交通管理將會(huì)建立在充分了解車輛對指令的應(yīng)變能力的基礎(chǔ)上，而非基于對車輛駕駛者可能采取的行動(dòng)的粗略估測。
The capacity of a freeway lane might be doubled or tripled, making it possible to accommodate growing demands for travel without major new construction, or, equivalently, today's level of congestion might be reduced, enabling travelers to save time.
高速公路的車容量會(huì)增加一倍或二倍，使其不必大興土木就能適應(yīng)不斷增長的行車需求;或者，同樣重要地，目前交通擁堵的程度能得到緩解，以使行車者節(jié)省時(shí)間。
Is it feasible?
是否可行?
This is now a realistic prospect. With advances in technology we can readily visualize your trip on an automated highway system.
目前這已成為一個(gè)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望。隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，我們不難設(shè)想自動(dòng)化公路系統(tǒng)上的行車過程。
Imagine leaving work at the end of the day and needing to drive only as far as the nearest on-ramp to the local automated highway. At the on-ramp, you press a button on your dashboard to select the off-ramp closest to your home and then relax as your car's electronic systems, in cooperation with roadside electronics and similar systems on other cars, guide your car smoothly, safely, and effortlessly toward your destination. En route you save time by maintaining full speed even at rush-hour traffic volumes. At the end of the off-ramp you resume normal control and drive the remaining distance to your home, better rested and less stressed than if you had driven the entire way.
且來設(shè)想，工作一天下班后，只需開車至最近的一個(gè)自動(dòng)公路入口匝道。到了入口匝道，在儀表板上按一下按鈕選擇離家最近的出口匝道，隨后就休息放松，由車上的電子系統(tǒng)與路旁的電子裝置以及其他車輛上類似的系統(tǒng)合作，把車平穩(wěn)、安全、順暢地開往目的地。即使是在車流量的高峰時(shí)段，也能一路全速行駛，從而節(jié)省時(shí)間。下了出口匝道，再照平常那樣駕駛，開過余下的路程回家，那要比自己全程駕駛省力輕松許多。
Although many different technical developments are necessary to turn this image into reality, none requires exotic technologies, and all can be based on systems and components that are already being actively developed in the international motor vehicle industry. These could be viewed as replacements for the diverse functions that drivers perform every day: observing the road, observing the preceding vehicles, steering, accelerating, braking, and deciding when and where to change course.
要把這一景象變成現(xiàn)實(shí)固然需要各種不同的技術(shù)發(fā)展，但也無需什么匪夷所思的技術(shù)，所有的技術(shù)都能以國際車輛制造業(yè)正在積極開發(fā)研制的各種系統(tǒng)和部件作為基礎(chǔ)。這些技術(shù)可以被看作是車輛駕駛者日常開車所起各種作用的替代：觀察路況，留意前行車輛，掌握方向，加速，剎車，變道。
Observing the road
觀察路況
Researchers have developed a road-reference and sensing system that makes it possible to determine accurately a vehicle's position and orientation relative to the lane's center. Cheap permanent magnets are buried at four-foot intervals along the lane centerline and detected by magnetometers mounted under the vehicle's bumpers. . These meters provide the information used by the vehicle's control computer to determine its exact position of the vehicle.
研究人員開發(fā)了一種路況參考及傳感系統(tǒng)，這些能準(zhǔn)確判斷車輛的方位及所在車道中心的相應(yīng)定位。價(jià)格低廉的永磁體以英尺的間隔埋設(shè)在車道中心線上，車輛保險(xiǎn)桿下安裝著的磁強(qiáng)計(jì)能夠測知。這些磁強(qiáng)計(jì)向車上的計(jì)算機(jī)控制臺(tái)提供信息，以斷定車輛的確切方位。
Other researchers have used computer vision systems to observe the road. () These are vulnerable to weather problems and provide less accurate measurements, but they do not require special roadway installations, other than well-maintained lane markings.
其他研究人員利用計(jì)算機(jī)圖像系統(tǒng)觀察路況。這類系統(tǒng)易受氣候變化的影響，提供的數(shù)據(jù)不夠精確，但它們不需要特別的道路設(shè)置，只需要將路面標(biāo)志維護(hù)好就行了。
Observing preceding vehicles
留意前行車輛
The distances and closing rates to preceding vehicles can be measured by a radar or a laser rangefinder. Both technologies have already been implemented in commercially available systems in Japan and Europe. The laser systems are currently less expensive, but the radar systems are more effective at detecting dirty vehicles and operating in adverse weather conditions. As production volumes increase and unit costs decrease, the radars are likely to find increasing favor.
與前行車輛的車距及接近時(shí)的速度可用雷達(dá)或激光測距儀測定。這兩項(xiàng)技術(shù)已經(jīng)在日本和歐洲投入商業(yè)運(yùn)用。目前激光系統(tǒng)比較便宜，但雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)能更加有效地測知野蠻行駛的車輛，能更加安全地在天氣惡劣時(shí)操作。隨著產(chǎn)量的提高，成本的降低，雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)將會(huì)越來越受歡迎。
Steering, accelerating and braking
掌握方向、加速和剎車
The equivalents of these driver muscle functions are electromechanical devices installed in the automated vehicle. They receive electronic commands from the onboard control computer and then apply the appropriate steering angle, throttle angle, and brake pressure by means of small electric motors. Early versions of these devices are already being introduced into production of vehicles, where they receive their commands directly from the driver's inputs to the steering wheel and pedals. These decisions are being made for reasons largely unrelated to automation. Rather they are associated with reduced energy consumption, simplification of vehicle design, enhanced ease of vehicle assembly, improved ability to adjust performance to match driver preferences, and cost savings compared to traditional direct mechanical control devices.
相當(dāng)于車輛駕駛者肌功能的是安置在自動(dòng)車輛上的電動(dòng)機(jī)械裝置。它們接收車上計(jì)算機(jī)控制臺(tái)發(fā)出的電子指令，再憑借小型電力發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)恰當(dāng)?shù)乜刂品较颉⒂烷T大小以及剎車緊急程度。車輛生產(chǎn)已經(jīng)采用這類裝置的最初樣本，它們通過駕駛者給方向盤和踏板的輸入信息直接獲得指令。決定開發(fā)這類產(chǎn)品大都與自動(dòng)化無關(guān)。與之有關(guān)的因素有降低能耗、簡化車輛設(shè)計(jì)、進(jìn)一步提高車輛裝配效率、改善根據(jù)車輛駕駛者的喜好調(diào)節(jié)性能的能力，以及低于傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械直控裝置的成本等。
Deciding when and where to change course
決定何時(shí)何處變道
Computers in the vehicles and those at the roadside have different functions. Roadside computers are better suited for traffic management, setting the target speed for each segment and lane of roadway, and allocating vehicles to different lanes of a multilane automated facility. The aim is to maintain balanced flow among the lanes and to avoid obstacles or incidents that might block a lane. The vehicle's onboard computers are better suited to handling decisions about exactly when and where to change lanes to avoid interference with other vehicles.
車用計(jì)算機(jī)與路邊裝置的計(jì)算機(jī)功能不同。路邊設(shè)置的計(jì)算機(jī)更適用于交通管理，如為不同路段和車道設(shè)定限速，通過多車道自動(dòng)化設(shè)施為車輛安排不同的車道。其目的是使各車道的車流量保持平衡，避免可能堵塞車道的障礙或事故。車用計(jì)算機(jī)更適用于精確地判斷在什么時(shí)間和位置改變車道，以避免與其他車輛碰撞。
Remaining challenges
尚存的挑戰(zhàn)
There remain a number of difficulties to be overcome. These are mainly technical, but there are in addition a number of nontechnical challenges that need to be addressed. These involve issues of liability, costs, and perceptions.
尚有許多困難有待克服。主要是技術(shù)性難題，但此外也有不少非技術(shù)性的挑戰(zhàn)需要面對，其中包括行車責(zé)任、成本以及觀念等問題。
Automated control of vehicles shifts liability for most crashes from the individual driver (and his or her insurance company) to the designer, developer, and vendor of the vehicle and roadway control systems. Provided the system is indeed safer than today's driver-vehicle-highway system, overall liability exposure should be reduced. But its costs will be shifted from automobile insurance premiums to the purchase or lease price of the automated vehicle and toll for use of the automated highway facility.
車輛的自動(dòng)控制把大多數(shù)事故的責(zé)任從車輛駕駛者個(gè)人(及其保險(xiǎn)公司)轉(zhuǎn)移到設(shè)計(jì)者、研制者以及車輛和道路控制系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)銷商身上。如果這一系統(tǒng)的確比當(dāng)今的車輛駕駛者—車輛—公路系統(tǒng)安全，總體責(zé)任風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就會(huì)減少。但其成本會(huì)從汽車保險(xiǎn)金轉(zhuǎn)移到自動(dòng)車輛的售價(jià)或租金，以及自動(dòng)公路設(shè)施的使用費(fèi)上來。
All new technologies tend to be costly when they first become available in small quantities, then their costs decline as production volumes increase and the technologies mature. We should expect vehicle automation technologies to follow the same pattern. They may initially be economically viable only for heavy vehicles (transit buses, commercial trucks) and high-end passenger cars. However, it should not take long for the costs to become affordable to a wide range of vehicle owners and operators, especially with many of the enabling technologies already being commercialized for volume production today.
任何新技術(shù)在最初小批量供應(yīng)時(shí)都相對昂貴，以后隨著產(chǎn)量的增長與技術(shù)的完善，成本就會(huì)降低。我們相信車輛自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)也將遵循這一模式。從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度考慮，這類技術(shù)在最初階段或許只能應(yīng)用于重型車輛(如公交車、貨運(yùn)卡車)和高級客車。然而，不用多久，其成本就能為廣大車輛擁有者和駕駛者所接受，尤其是目前不少可以應(yīng)用的技術(shù)已經(jīng)走向市場，開始了批量生產(chǎn)。
The largest impediment to introduction of electronic chauffeuring may turn out to be the general perception that it's more difficult and expensive to implement than it really is. If political and industrial decision makers perceive automated driving to be too futuristic, they will not pay it the attention it deserves and will not invest their resources toward accelerating its deployment. The perception could thus become a self-fulfilling prophecy.
電子駕駛應(yīng)用的障礙可能在于一種普遍的觀念，認(rèn)為這一技術(shù)的應(yīng)用比實(shí)際情況更困難，更昂貴。如果政治決策者和企業(yè)決策者認(rèn)為自動(dòng)駕駛過于超前，他們就不會(huì)予以應(yīng)有的關(guān)注，就不會(huì)投入資源，促使其早日為人們利用。這樣的話，這一觀念就可能成為一種終將實(shí)現(xiàn)的預(yù)言。
It is important to recognize that automated vehicles are already carrying millions of passengers every day. Most major airports have automated people movers that transfer passengers among terminal buildings. Urban transit lines in Paris, London, Vancouver, Lyon, and Lille, among others, are operating with completely automated, driverless vehicles; some have been doing so for more than a decade. Modern commercial aircraft operate on autopilot for much of the time, and they also land under automatic control at suitably equipped airports on a regular basis.
重要的是，要看到，每天已有千百萬人乘坐自動(dòng)化車輛。大多數(shù)頗具規(guī)模的機(jī)場都有自動(dòng)控制的客車把乘客從一個(gè)航站樓轉(zhuǎn)到另一個(gè)航站樓。不少城市公交線路，如巴黎、倫敦、溫哥華、里昂和里爾等，都是由全自動(dòng)控制的無人駕駛車輛運(yùn)行的，有些已運(yùn)行了十多年?，F(xiàn)代商用飛機(jī)大多時(shí)間是由自動(dòng)駕駛儀操縱的，在裝備完善的機(jī)場，這些飛機(jī)一向在自動(dòng)控制指揮下著陸。
Given all of this experience in implementing safe automated transportation systems, it is not such a large leap to develop road vehicles that can operate under automatic control. That should be a realistic goal for the next decade. The transportation system will thus gain substantial benefits from the revolution in information technology.
考慮到所有這些安全運(yùn)用自動(dòng)化交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，開發(fā)由自動(dòng)控制操縱的公路車輛算不上什么大的飛躍。這應(yīng)該是未來十年中的一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)目標(biāo)，交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)也就會(huì)大大得益于信息技術(shù)革命。
全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程4教案4
The features of Illinois are not striking; they do not leap to the eye but lie flat and at first appear monotonous. The roads are wide, hard, perfect, sometimes of a shallow depth in the far distance but so nearly level as to make you feel that the earth really is flat. From east and west, travelers dart across these prairies into the huge horizons and through cornfields that go on forever; giant skies, giant clouds, an eternal nearly featureless sameness. You find it hard to travel slowly. The endless miles pressed flat by the ancient glacier seduce you into speeding. As the car eats into the distances you begin gradually to feel that you are riding upon the floor of the continent, the very bottom of it, low and flat, and an impatient spirit of movement, of overtaking and urgency passes into your heart.
伊利諾伊的地貌平平常常，沒有引人注目之處。平坦的地勢，初初看來單調(diào)乏味。道路寬闊堅(jiān)實(shí)，毫無損毀，有時(shí)遙看有個(gè)不深的凹陷，可差不多全是那么平坦，你禁不住以為地球?qū)嶋H上是平的。從東到西，從西到東，旅人飛快地駛過茫茫大草原，駛向蒼茫天際，穿過一望無際的玉米地;高不可測的蒼穹，碩大的云朵，老是幾乎平淡無奇、千篇一律。你很難緩慢地行駛。被古冰川擠壓得平平坦坦的無盡長路誘使你加快車速。汽車漸行漸遠(yuǎn)，你這才開始逐步意識(shí)到自己正穿行在北美大陸的底部，地勢最低之處，既低又平坦，這時(shí)一種亟欲行進(jìn)、急著想超車的焦躁情緒在心頭滋生。
Miles and miles of prairie, slowly rising and falling, sometimes give you a sense that something is in the process of becoming, or that the liberation of a great force is imminent, some power, like Michelangelo's slave only half released from the block of stone. Conceivably the mound-building Indians believed their resurrection would coincide with some such liberation, and built their graves in imitation of the low moraines deposited by the departing glaciers. But they have not yet been released and remain drowned in their waves of earth. They have left their bones, their flints and pots, their place names and tribal names and little besides except a stain, seldom vivid, on the consciousness of their white successors.
連綿不斷的大草原徐徐起伏，有時(shí)會(huì)讓你覺得有什么東西正在生成，或是即刻將有偉力釋放，某種力，一如米開朗琪羅的奴隸雕像只浮現(xiàn)半個(gè)身形?？梢韵胂?，擅長構(gòu)筑土墩的印第安人相信人的死而復(fù)生會(huì)與某種類似的釋放同時(shí)發(fā)生，所以他們在建造墓塋時(shí)模仿離去的冰川積下的低矮冰磧。然而，他們迄今未能復(fù)蘇，仍掩埋在泥土中。他們留下了自己的尸骸、燧石、壺罐、地名和部落名，此外就沒留下什么，除了白人后繼者的意識(shí)中并不清晰的污痕。
The soil of the Illinois prairies is fat, rich and thick. After spring plowing it looks oil-blackened or colored by the soft coal which occurs in great veins throughout the state. In the fields you frequently see a small tipple, or a crazy-looking device that pumps oil and nods like the neck of a horse at a quick walk.... () Along the roads, with intervals between them as neat and even as buttons on the cuff, sit steel storage bins, in form like the tents of Mongolia. They are filled with grain. And the elevators and tanks, trucks and machines that crawl over the fields and blunder over the highways -- whatever you see is productive. It creates wealth, it stores wealth, it is wealth.
伊利諾伊大草原上，土壤肥沃、豐產(chǎn)而深厚。春耕之后，泥土油亮烏黑，像是被遍布全州的大礦脈里松軟的煙煤染過似的。田野上你常?？吹揭环N小型翻卸車，一種樣子滑稽的抽油用的裝置，就像飛奔中馬匹的頸部上下抖動(dòng)…… 沿途聳立著形似蒙古包的鐵皮谷倉，它們之間的間距如同袖口的紐扣般排列得整齊劃一。里面儲(chǔ)滿了谷物。還有升降機(jī)、儲(chǔ)藏罐、卡車、機(jī)器緩慢地行駛在田野上，笨拙地奔走在公路上――你所見到的一切都能產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。這塊土地創(chuàng)造財(cái)富，這塊土地儲(chǔ)存財(cái)富，這塊土地本身就是財(cái)富。
As you pass the fields, you see signs the farmers have posted telling in short code what sort of seed they have planted. The farmhouses are seldom at the roadside, but far within the fields. The solitude and silence are deep and wide. Then, when you have gone ten or twenty miles through cornfields without having seen a living thing, no cow, no dog, scarcely even a bird under the hot sky, suddenly you come upon a noisy contraption at the roadside, a system of contraptions, rather, for husking the corn and stripping the grain. It burns and bangs away, and the conveyor belts rattle....
當(dāng)你穿過田野時(shí)，你見到農(nóng)場主張貼的指示牌，上面用簡短的標(biāo)記寫明他們播下的是什么種子。農(nóng)舍通常不在路邊，而是建在田野深處。那份寂寥和靜謐既深沉又廣大。當(dāng)你穿行在玉米田間，行駛了十里，二十里，卻看不到一個(gè)活物，看不到牛看不到狗，連晴熱天空下的飛鳥也難見到，這時(shí)，突如其來地，你會(huì)見到路旁有個(gè)發(fā)出噪聲的新奇的機(jī)械裝置，或者說是一組機(jī)械裝置，那是用來剝玉米殼碾谷的。它熱得燙手，不停地砰砰作響，傳送帶咯嚓喀嚓地在運(yùn)行……
When you leave, this noise and activity are cut off at one stroke: you are once more in the deaf, hot solitude of trembling air, alone in the cornfields.
你一走開，這聲響，這動(dòng)靜就倏然消失：你重新回到那份無聲的灼人的寂寥之中，呼吸顫動(dòng)的空氣，回到玉米田間，孤身一人……
North, south, east and west, there is no end to them. They line roads and streams and hem in the woods and surround towns, and they crowd into back yards and edge up to gas stations. () An exotic stranger might assume he had come upon a race of corn worshipers who had created a corn ocean;or that he was among a people who had fallen in love with infinite repetition of the same details, like the builders of skyscrapers in New York and Chicago who have raised up bricks and windows by the thousands, and all alike. From corn you can derive notions of equality, or uniformity, massed democracy. You can, if you are given to that form of mental play, recall Joseph's brethren in the lean years, and think how famine has been conquered here and super-abundance itself become such a danger that the Government has to take measures against it.
東南西北，四面八方的玉米地望不到邊。路邊、溪邊都種了玉米，林子、城鎮(zhèn)四周也都種了玉米，玉米種滿后院，甚至擠到了加油站。異鄉(xiāng)客會(huì)以為自己來到了一個(gè)創(chuàng)建起玉米海洋的對玉米頂禮膜拜的民族，或以為自己身處那些偏愛無休止地重復(fù)同樣細(xì)節(jié)的人們之中，就如同紐約、芝加哥那些摩天高樓的建造者，他們壘萬磚安千窗，全都一個(gè)模樣。在玉米田間，你可以獲得平等的觀念、劃一的觀念、大眾民主的觀念。如果你好做這類腦力游戲，你可以回想一下遇到荒年的約瑟夫兄弟，想一想在這里饑饉是如何被鏟除的，過剩本身又如何成為一種危險(xiǎn)，政府不得不對其采取措施。
The power, the monotony, the oceanic extent of the cornfields do indeed shrink up and dwarf the past. How are you to think of the small bands of Illini, Ottawas, Cahokians, Shawnee, Miamis who camped in the turkey grass, and the French Jesuits who descended the Mississippi and found them. () When you force your mind to summon them, the Indians appear rather doll-like in the radiance of the present moment. They are covered in the corn, swamped in the oil, hidden in the coal of Franklin County, run over by the trains, turned phantom by the stockyards. There are monuments to them...throughout the state, but they are only historical ornaments to the pride of the present...
玉米地所展現(xiàn)的那種震撼力、那種千篇一律、浩瀚無垠的確使過去變得渺小。你不妨回想一下那些在草地設(shè)營的小群印第安人：伊里尼人、奧塔瓦人、卡豪凱揚(yáng)人、肖尼人、邁阿密人，也不妨回想一下順密西西比河而下、發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的法國耶穌會(huì)教徒。當(dāng)你凝神回顧這些昔日的印第安人時(shí)，他們在今日的輝煌之前顯得猶如玩偶。他們被玉米掩沒，被石油淹沒，被富蘭克林縣的煤埋沒，被火車碾過，化作了在牲畜圍場近旁出沒的幽靈。為他們建的紀(jì)念碑……遍布全州，但這些不過是為今日的榮耀添彩的歷史點(diǎn)綴……
全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程4教案5
Harvey Mackay, who runs his own company, often interviews applicants for jobs. Here he lets us into the secret of what qualities an employer is looking for, and gives four tips on what can help you to stand out from the crowd.
自己經(jīng)營公司的哈維·麥凱經(jīng)常對求職者進(jìn)行面試。文中他告訴我們關(guān)于雇主看重什么樣品質(zhì)的秘密，并提出點(diǎn)建議，幫助你顯得比眾人突出。
Get the Job You Want
得到你想要的工作
Harvey B. Mackay
哈維·B·麥凱
I run a manufacturing company with about employees, and I often do the interviewing and hiring myself. I like talking to potential salespeople, because they're our link to customers.
我經(jīng)營著一家有名左右員工的制造公司，我本人常常要對求職者進(jìn)行面試，決定是否聘用。我喜歡與可能成為營業(yè)員的人交談，因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)是我們與顧客聯(lián)系的紐帶。
When a recent college graduate came into my office not too long ago looking for a sales job, I asked him what he had done to prepare for the interview. He said he'd read something about us somewhere.
不久前一個(gè)新近畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生到我辦公室謀求一份銷售工作。我問他為這次面試做過哪些準(zhǔn)備。他說他在什么地方看到過有關(guān)本公司的一些情況。
Had he called anyone at Mackay Envelope Corporation to find out more about us? No. Had he called our suppliers? Our customers? No.
他有沒有給麥凱信封公司的人打過電話，好了解更多有關(guān)我們的情況?沒打過。他有沒有給我們的供應(yīng)廠商打過電話?還有我們的客戶?都沒有。
Had he checked with his university to see if there were any graduates working at Mackay whom he could interview? Had he asked any friends to grill him in a mock interview? Did he go to the library to find newspaper clippings on us?
他可曾在就讀的大學(xué)里查問過有沒有校友在本公司就職，以便向他們了解一些情況?他可曾請朋友向他提問，對他進(jìn)行模擬面試?可曾去圖書館查找過有關(guān)本公司的剪報(bào)?
Did he write a letter beforehand to tell us about himself, what he was doing to prepare for the interview and why he'd be right for the job? Was he planning to follow up the interview with another letter indicating his eagerness to join us? Would the letter be in our hands within hours of the meeting, possibly even hand-delivered?
他事先有沒有寫封信來介紹自己，告訴我們自己為這次面試在做哪些準(zhǔn)備，自己何以能勝任此項(xiàng)工作?面試之后他是否打算再寫一封信，表明自己加盟本公司的誠意?這封信會(huì)不會(huì)在面試后的小時(shí)之內(nèi)送到我們手上，也許甚至是親自送來?
The answer to every question was the same: no. That left me with only one other question: How well prepared would this person be if he were to call on a prospective customer for us? I already knew the answer.
他對上述每一個(gè)問題的回答全都一樣：沒有。這樣我就只剩一個(gè)問題要問了：如果此人代表本公司去見可能成為我們客戶的人，他準(zhǔn)備工作會(huì)做得怎樣?答案不言自明。
As I see it, there are four keys to getting hired:
在筆者看來，如欲被聘用，應(yīng)注意四個(gè)要訣：
1 . Prepare to win. "If you miss one day of practice, you notice the difference," the saying goes among musicians. "If you miss two days of practice, the critics notice the difference. If you miss three days of practice, the audience notices the difference."
1. 準(zhǔn)備去贏。“一日不練，自己知道，”音樂家中有這樣的說法。"兩日不練，音樂評論家知道。三日不練，觀眾知道。"
When we watch a world-class musician or a top athlete, we don't see the years of preparation that enabled him or her to become great. The Michael Jordans of the world have talent, yes, but they're also the first ones on and the last ones off the basketball court. The same preparation applies in every form of human endeavor. If you want the job, you have to prepare to win it.
我們在觀看音樂家或頂尖運(yùn)動(dòng)員的表演時(shí)，看到的并不是使他們變成出類拔萃人物的長年苦練。世界上諸如邁克爾·喬丹這樣的頂尖人物無疑具有非凡才能，但他們在籃球場上也是第一個(gè)到，最后一個(gè)走。同樣的苦練適用于人類的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。若想被聘用，就要準(zhǔn)備去贏。
When I graduated from college, the odds were good that I would have the same job for the rest of my life. And that's how it worked out. But getting hired is no longer a once-in-a-lifetime experience. Employment experts believe that today's graduates could face as many as ten job changes during their careers.
我大學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí)，我極有可能終身從事同一個(gè)工作。當(dāng)時(shí)情況也的確如此。但如今已不再是一生被聘去做一個(gè)工作了。指導(dǎo)就業(yè)的專家認(rèn)為，今天的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生在他們的生涯中可能會(huì)經(jīng)歷多達(dá)10次的職業(yè)變動(dòng)。
That may sound like a lot of pressure. But if you're prepared, the pressure is on the other folks -- the ones who haven't done their homework.
聽上去似乎壓力不小。然而，如果你做了準(zhǔn)備，壓力就是別人的—那些沒做準(zhǔn)備的人.
You won't get every job you go after. The best salespeople don't close every sale. Michael Jordan makes barely half of his field-goal attempts. But it takes no longer to prepare well for one interview than to wander in half-prepared for five. And your prospects for success will be many times better.
你不可能得到你想要的每份工作。的售貨人員也不可能每次都成交。邁克爾·喬丹投籃命中率勉強(qiáng)過半。但認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備一次面試的時(shí)間不會(huì)多于馬馬虎虎準(zhǔn)備五次面試的時(shí)間，而你成功的可能性要多得多。
2. Never stop learning. Recently I played a doubles tennis match paired with a -year-old. I wondered how things would work out; I shouldn't have. We hammered our opponents 6-1, 6-1!
2. 永不中斷學(xué)習(xí)。最近我和一位高齡的老者搭檔打雙人網(wǎng)球。我琢磨著那會(huì)是什么結(jié)局;可我的擔(dān)心是多余的。我們以兩個(gè)6:1擊敗對手。
As we were switching sides to play a third set, he said to me, "Do you mind if I play the backhand court? I always like to work on my weaknesses." What a fantastic example of a person who has never stopped learning. Incidentally, we won the third set 6-1.
我們交換場地打第三局時(shí)，他對我說：“我打反手擊球你不介意吧?我向來喜歡多練練自己的弱點(diǎn)?！焙靡粋€(gè)永不中斷學(xué)習(xí)的精彩實(shí)例。順便說一下，我們6:1贏了第三局。
As we walked off the court, my -year-old partner chuckled and said, "I thought you'd like to know about my number-one ranking in doubles in the United States in my age bracket, 85 and up!" He wasn't thinking 90; he wasn't even thinking 85. He was thinking number one.
走出賽場，我那高齡的搭檔笑著說：“你也許想知道我在歲以上年齡段的美國網(wǎng)球雙打排名第一!”他想的不是年屆90，想的甚至也不是85歲高齡。他想的是第一。
You can do the same if you work on your weaknesses and develop your strengths. To be able to compete, you've got to keep learning all your life.
如果你努力克服自己的弱點(diǎn)，發(fā)揮自己的優(yōu)勢，你同樣可以做得那么好。要有能力競爭，就得終生學(xué)習(xí)。
3. Believe in yourself, even when no one else does. Do you remember the four-minute mile? Athletes had been trying to do it for hundreds of years and finally decided it was physically impossible for humans. Our bone structure was all wrong, our lung power inadequate.
3. 相信自己，哪怕沒人相信你。還記得那4分鐘跑一英里的往事嗎?幾百年來，運(yùn)動(dòng)員們一直試圖實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，最終人類的身體無法做到。我們的骨結(jié)構(gòu)不適應(yīng)，我們的肺活量跟不上。
Then one human proved the experts wrong. And, miracle of miracles, six weeks after Roger Bannister broke the four-minute mile, John Landy beat Bannister's time by nearly two full seconds. Since then, close to eight hundred runners have broken the four-minute mile!
可是，有一個(gè)人證明那些專家錯(cuò)了。奇跡中的奇跡是，在羅杰·班尼斯特打破4分鐘一英里的紀(jì)錄6個(gè)星期之后，約翰·蘭迪又以幾乎快出整整2秒的成績打破了班尼斯特的紀(jì)錄。此后，有大約800多名運(yùn)動(dòng)員打破了4分鐘一英里的記錄。
Several years ago my daughter Mimi and I took a crack at running the New York Marathon. At the gun 23,000 , runners started -- and 21,244 finished. First place went to a Kenyan who completed the race in two hours, 11 minutes and one second. The 21,244th runner to finish was a Vietnam veteran. He did it in three days, nine hours and minutes. With no legs, he covered 26.2 miles. After my daughter and I passed him in the first few minutes, we easily found more courage to finish ourselves.
幾年前，我和女兒米米參加了紐約馬拉松比賽。發(fā)令槍一響，,名運(yùn)動(dòng)員沖出起跑線—最后有21,244名運(yùn)動(dòng)員到達(dá)終點(diǎn)。第一名是一位以2小時(shí)11分鐘零1秒跑完全程的肯尼亞人。第21,244名運(yùn)動(dòng)員是一位老兵。他用了3天9小時(shí)37分鐘跑完全程。沒有雙腿的他堅(jiān)持跑完了26.2英里。我和女兒在比賽的最初幾分鐘內(nèi)超過了他，當(dāng)時(shí)頓覺勇氣倍增，一定要跑完全程。
Don't ever let anyone tell you that you can't accomplish your goals. Who says you're not tougher, harder working and more able than your competition? You see, a goal is a dream with a deadline: in writing, measurable, identifiable, attainable.
別聽旁人說你不能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。誰說你不比你的競爭對手更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、更努力、更能干?要知道，所謂目標(biāo)就是有最后限期的夢想：寫成文字，可測量，可確認(rèn)，可實(shí)現(xiàn)。
. Find a way to make a difference. In my opinion, the majority of New York cabdrivers are unfriendly, if not downright rude. Most of the cabs are filthy, and almost all of them sport an impenetrable, bulletproof partition. But recently I jumped into a cab at LaGuardia Airport and guess what? It was clean. There was beautiful music playing and no partition.
. 想方設(shè)法顯得與眾不同。在我看來，紐約大多數(shù)的出租車司機(jī)即使不算無禮透頂，至少也是不友好的。車輛大都十分骯臟，幾乎所有的車都觸目地裝有難以穿透的防彈隔離裝置?？山瘴以诶系蟻啓C(jī)場跳上了一輛出租車，你猜怎么樣?車子竟然干干凈凈。放著優(yōu)美的音樂，而且沒有隔離裝置。
"Park Lane Hotel, please," I said to the driver. With a broad smile, he said, "Hi, my name is Wally," and he handed me a mission statement. A mission statement! It said he would get me there safely, courteously and on time.
“請到帕克街酒店，”我對司機(jī)說。他笑容滿面地說：“你好，我叫沃利，”他說著遞給我一份保證書。一份保證書!上面寫著他將安全、禮貌、準(zhǔn)時(shí)地將我送到目的地。
As we drove off, he held up a choice of newspapers and said, "Be my guest." He told me to help myself to the fruit in the basket on the back seat. He held up a cellular phone and said, "It's a dollar a minute if you'd like to make a call."
車開后，他拿出幾份報(bào)紙說：“請隨意翻閱。”他還讓我隨意品嘗后座籃子里的水果。接著他又拿出手機(jī)說：“您要是想打電話，每分鐘1美元。”
Shocked, I blurted, "How long have you been practicing this?" He answered, "Three or four years."
我大吃一驚，脫口問道：“你這么做有多久了?”他回答說：“有三、四年了。”
"I know this is prying." I said, "but how much extra money do you earn in tips?"
“我知道不該問，”我說，“可是，你能多掙多少小費(fèi)?”
"Between $, and $, a year!" he responded proudly.
“一年12,000到14,000美元左右，”他得意地回答說。
He doesn't know it, but he's my hero. He's living proof that you can always shift the odds in your favor.
他不知道他成了我心目中的英雄。他就是一個(gè)生動(dòng)的例證，說明你總是可以爭取到成功的機(jī)會(huì)。
My mentor, Curt Carlson, is the wealthiest man in Minnesota, owner of a hotel and travel company with sales in the neighborhood of $ billion. I had to get to a meeting in New York one day, and Curt generously offered me a ride in his jet. It happened to be a day Minnesota was hit with one of the worst snowstorms in years. Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport was closed for the first time in decades.
我的良師益友柯特·卡爾森是明尼蘇達(dá)州的首富，擁有一家酒店和旅行社，營業(yè)收入約達(dá)億美元。一次我要去紐約赴會(huì)，柯特慷慨地請我乘坐他的私人飛機(jī)。碰巧那天明尼蘇達(dá)州遭受多年不遇的暴風(fēng)雪襲擊。明尼阿波利斯—圣保羅國際機(jī)場幾十年來第一次關(guān)閉。
Then, though the storm continued to pound us, the airport opened a runway for small craft only. As we were taxiing down it to take off, Curt turned to me and said gleefully, "Look, Harvey, no tracks in the snow!"
雖然暴風(fēng)雪仍在肆虐，機(jī)場還是特地為小型飛機(jī)清出了一條跑道。我們正在跑道上滑行準(zhǔn)備起飛時(shí)，柯特轉(zhuǎn)過頭來興奮地說：“看哪，哈維，雪地上沒有痕跡啊!”
Curt Carlson, 70 years old at the time, rich beyond anyone's dreams, could still sparkle with excitement about being first.
柯特·卡爾森，當(dāng)時(shí)70年屆，富甲一方，竟然還會(huì)因?yàn)樽约菏堑谝粋€(gè)而如此興奮。
From my standpoint, that's what it's all about. Prepare to win. Never stop learning. Believe in yourself, even when no one else does. Find a way to make a difference. Then go out and make your own tracks in the snow.
在我看來，這些正是關(guān)鍵之所在。準(zhǔn)備去贏。永不中斷學(xué)習(xí)。相信自己，哪怕沒人相信你。想方設(shè)法顯得與眾不同。然后就出發(fā)，在雪地上留下你自己的足跡。
