托福聽力出現復雜句式怎樣秒懂

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托福聽力中的說話者多使用美式英語，因此一些只具備聽力基礎而缺乏地域性語言知識積累的同學常會遇到一時卡殼聽不懂說了什么的情況。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈Ｂ犃χ械?0個美式習慣用語匯總一覽，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力中的50個美式習慣用語匯總一覽

托福聽力50個美式習慣用語匯總

1. a big shot = an important person 大腕兒，大亨

2. a breath of fresh air 使人耳目一新的人

3. Achilles’ heel 致命弱點;個性的瑕疵

4. be all ears 洗耳恭聽

5. be all eyes 目不轉睛

6. a wet blanket 討人嫌的人

7. chip in = contribute money　捐獻，集資

8. sell like hot cakes = sell very well or very quickly 暢銷

9. get butterflies in one’s stomach = get nervous 緊張不安

10. two thumbs up 舉雙手贊成

11. be the apple of one’s eye = be very precious to sb. 非常珍貴

12. pull one’ s leg = tease someone 開某人玩笑

13. break one’ s back 辛勤工作

14. twenty-four seven = 24 hours a day, 7 days a week = all the time 永遠，一直

15. go for a song = be sold very cheaply 賤賣

16. bucket down = rain very heavily 瓢潑大雨

17. backroom boys 幕后英雄

18. below the mark = not measure up 不夠水平，不合格

19. beyond compare 絕佳的，最棒的

20. break even 不賠不賺

21. by the book 照章辦事

22. cast a cloud over 潑冷水，是蒙上陰影

23. castles in the sky / air 空中樓閣

24. as clear as a bell 非常清楚

25. clear the air 消除誤會

26. come to terms 達成協(xié)議

27. shed crocodile tears 假裝哭泣，假慈悲

28. cut corners 走捷徑

29. do’s and don’ts 行為規(guī)范

30. face the music 面對現實

31. fair and square 正大光明的

32. first things first 先說重要的

33. forgive and forget 盡釋前嫌;握手言和

34. get the ball rolling 使蓬勃發(fā)展

35. a knockout 引人注目

36. a man of few words 沉默寡言的人

37. a rainy day 不如意的日子

38. all thumbs 笨手笨腳的;一竅不通的

39. ants in one's pants (skirt) 坐立不安

40. as mod as sb. 與某人一樣時髦

41. at one's finger's tips 了如指掌

42. at sixes and sevens 混亂的

43. backseat driver 指手劃腳的人

44. bite one's head off 大發(fā)脾氣

45. black sheep 不孝子女

46. blow one's top 怒發(fā)沖冠

47. break one's neck 痛打一頓;拼命做某事

48. break the ice 打破僵局;打破沉默

49. bring down the house 掌聲雷動

50. burn a hole in one's pocket 花錢如流水

2020托福聽力練習：運輸貨物的絲綢之路傳播疾病

For thousands of years, what's called the Silk Road was a group of land and sea trade routes that connected the Far East with South Asia, Africa, the Middle East and southern Europe. Of course, when humans travel they carry their pathogens with them. So scientists and historians have wondered if the Silk Road was a transmission route not just for goods, but for infectious disease.

Now we have the first hard evidence of ancient Silk Road travelers spreading their infections. The find comes from a 2,000-year-old latrine that had first been excavated in 1992. The report is in the Journal of Archaeological Science.

"So the site is a relay station on the Silk Road in northwest China. It's just to the eastern end of the Tarim Basin, which is a large arid area just to the east of the Taklamakan desert, and not far from the Gobi Desert. So this is a dry part of China."

Piers Mitchell, paleopathologist at the University of Cambridge, and one of the study's authors, along with his student Ivy Yeh and colleagues in China.

In the latrine, archaeologists found used hygiene sticks wrapped with cloth. These were used for what you think they were used for.

"This excavation was great because the cloth was still preserved and the feces was still adherent to the cloth on some of the sticks. So the archaeologist kept these sticks in the museum. And so my Ph.D. student, Ivy Yeh, who's first author on the paper, she went out to China took some scrapings from the feces adherent to the cloth. So we were then able to analyze that down the microscope when she brought it back to Cambridge."

Where they found eggs from parasites—including one from a liver fluke.

"And that's the exciting one because that's only found in eastern and southern China and in Korea, where they have marshy areas that have the right snails and the right fish."

The fluke needs snails and fish for its lifecycle, but there were no such snails or fish in this dry region of China. So the unlucky traveler who harbored the parasite had to have transported the disease to that spot.

"Well firstly it tells us that people were doing very long journeys along the Silk Road and you might think that's obvious. But no one really knew how long people were traveling. Some people may have been trading, only going short distances selling their goods on to the next person. And so the goods might have gone all the way along the Silk Road, but people might not. But we know that some people were doing huge distances..."

"Secondly it shows that this was, would be a viable route for the spread of those other infectious diseases like Bubonic plague and leprosy and anthrax that people had previously suggested might have been spread between East Asia and Europe along the Silk Road. Because modern genetic analyses have shown similarities between the strains of one end and the other."

Mitchell says there's much more work to be done to better understand the spread of diseases around the world. Perhaps from analyzing skeletons—or various other kinds of remains—to be found along the Silk Road.

Thanks for the minute for Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.

數千年來，海洋與陸地之間的貿易路線絲綢之路將遠東、南亞、非洲、中東和南歐連接起來。當然，人類在旅行時也攜帶著病原體。科學家和歷史學家懷疑，絲綢之路運輸的不僅僅是貨物，還有傳染性疾病。

現在，我們掌握了第一個有力的證據，證明古代絲綢之路的游客傳播了自身的疾病。這項結果源自1992年發(fā)掘的一個有2000年歷史的茅廁。該項研究結果發(fā)表在《考古科學：報告》雜志上。

“這里是中國西北部絲綢之路上的一個中轉站。位于塔里木盆地的東端，塔里木盆地這塊廣闊干旱的地區(qū)位于塔克拉瑪干沙漠的東部，距離戈壁沙漠不遠。這里是中國的一個干旱地帶?！?/p>

皮爾斯·米切爾是劍橋大學的古生物病理學家，同時也是該報告的作者之一，他和他的學生艾薇·葉以及來自中國的同事們一同進行了該項研究。

考古學家在發(fā)掘的茅廁里發(fā)現了用過的衛(wèi)生棍，這些衛(wèi)生棍用布裹著。這些東西的用途和你認為的一樣。

“這次發(fā)掘意義很大，因為這些布仍然保存完整，而且排泄物還附著在一些棍子裹著的布上?？脊艑W家把這些衛(wèi)生棍保存在博物館。我的博士學生艾薇·葉，同時也是該論文的第一作者，去中國刮取了布上的一些排泄物。這樣，我們就能夠在顯微鏡下分析她帶回劍橋的樣本?！?/p>

他們發(fā)現了寄生蟲的卵，還有肝吸蟲的卵。

“這項發(fā)現讓我們興奮不已，因為這些只存在于中國東部和南部以及韓國，那里的沼澤地有含有這些病原體的蝸牛和魚類?！?/p>

肝吸蟲需要依靠蝸牛和魚類進行生命循環(huán)，但是中國干旱地區(qū)沒有這些病原體所需要的蝸牛和魚類。所以，攜帶著寄生蟲的倒霉游客將疾病帶到了該地區(qū)。

“首先，這告訴我們，人們沿著絲綢之路長途跋涉，你可能認為這是顯而易見的。但是沒有人確切知道人們到底走了多遠。有些人可能一直在進行貿易活動，他們只走了很短的距離，將自己的貨物轉賣給他人。所以，貨物可能要一直沿著絲綢之路運輸，但是人就不一定了。不過我們知道有些人的確走了很遠的距離。”

“其次，這項發(fā)現表明，這可能也是黑死病、麻風病和炭疽等傳染疾病的傳播路線，此前人們認為這些疾病沿著絲綢之路在東亞和歐洲之間傳播。因為，現代基因分析表明，菌株一端和另一端存在相似性?！?/p>

米切爾表示，為了更好的了解疾病在世界范圍內的傳播，還有更多的工作要做。也許可以分析在絲綢之路上發(fā)現的骨骼或是其他類型的遺留物。

重點講解：

1. come from 來自;始于;

例句：The news comes from a reliable source.

這消息來自可靠的來源。

2. along with 與…一起;

例句：She came to dinner along with her boyfriend.

她和她的男朋友一道來用餐。

3. be adherent to 黏附;附著;

例句：The brass plate must be adherent to the steel.

黃銅片必須和鋼粘結。

sell on 轉賣;倒賣;

例句：Mr Farrier bought cars at auctions and sold them on.

法里爾先生拍得汽車后再將其轉手。

2020托福聽力練習：氣味大師環(huán)尾狐猴

Ring-tailed lemurs are a chatty lot.

They vocalize to exchange information.

And they also communicate via a veritable smorgasbord of stinky secretions they use to mark their territory and advertise their romantic availability.

But male lemurs, which have more scent glands than do females, are really masters of musk—because they sometimes mix their smelly secretions to produce a veritable bouquet of stank.

And now researchers have a better idea why.

Male lemurs sometimes use the scent glands on their wrists to mark tree branches and saplings.

Other times, they double down, rubbing their wrists against glands on their chests to create a foul and funky fusion.

This special blend can then be smeared over objects or wiped onto their tails, which the males wave at their rivals in a display that scientists refer to as a “stink fight.”

But why create such a custom combination?

Perhaps adding the oily exudate from the chest alters the information conveyed by the wrist.

Or maybe it acts as a kind of preservative that makes the wrist signal longer lasting.

To find out, researchers gathered secretions from a dozen ring-tailed lemurs at the Duke Lemur Center in North Carolina.

They then presented male lemurs with wooden dowels that were doused with either the wrist fragrance, the chest scent, or a mixture of the two.

And they found that males spent more time sniffing the stick with the mixture, which suggests that the fragrant combination does contain more interesting information than the solo scents alone.

But the lemurs were even more interested in the odiferous amalgamation when it was left out to evaporate for 12 hours, licking the sticks to better access the dried volatile compounds.

That observation supports the theory that mixing secretions actually boosts their staying power.

The results are in the journal Royal Society Open Science.

So while a rose is a rose is a rose, the perfume of the ring-tailed lemur is a complex concoction, the subtle meaning of which lies in the nose of the beholder.

環(huán)尾狐猴真的很健談。

它們發(fā)聲的目的是交流信息。

而且它們也會通過名副其實散發(fā)惡臭分泌物的混合物進行交流，而它們一般將這些分泌物用作標記領地及向異性求愛。

但氣味腺比雌性狐猴多的雄性狐猴才是真正的氣味大師—它們有時候會將那些臭味分泌物混合然后弄出一些散發(fā)惡臭的混合氣。

環(huán)尾狐猴或是氣味大師.jpg

而現在研究人員們已經對環(huán)尾狐猴這樣做的原因有了進一步的了解。

雄狐猴有時候會用手腕的腺體氣味分泌物在樹枝及嫩枝上做標記。

其余時間它們就一直躺著，摩擦自己手腕上的腺體分泌物到胸部并制造出一種散發(fā)強烈臭味的混合物。

這種特殊混合物隨后就被涂在一些物體或者附著在它們的尾巴上，而雄性狐猴向它們的情敵宣戰(zhàn)擺動尾巴時就會起到交流作用，而科學家們將此稱為“臭氣的較量”。

但為什么要特別弄出這種臭味的混合物呢?

研究人員分析了環(huán)尾狐猴的氣味變化.jpg

或許加入從胸部分泌出的油狀物可以改變手腕部臭氣所代表的信息。