托福聽(tīng)力出現(xiàn)復(fù)雜句式如何秒懂?5個(gè)實(shí)例具體分析重點(diǎn)要點(diǎn),今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了托福聽(tīng)力出現(xiàn)復(fù)雜句式如何秒懂，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

托福聽(tīng)力出現(xiàn)復(fù)雜句式如何秒懂

1)反問(wèn)句

Isn’t that just for when you need help with writing/, like an essay or research paper? (TPO24-C2)

同學(xué)們一聽(tīng)就會(huì)知道是個(gè)問(wèn)句，以及會(huì)聽(tīng)到writing、research paper這些詞，但會(huì)感覺(jué)開(kāi)頭有點(diǎn)快，這一點(diǎn)主要因?yàn)榘l(fā)音快導(dǎo)致不易辨認(rèn)清楚。本句其實(shí)是Isn’t just for sth.這種反問(wèn)句句式，在聽(tīng)的方面主要是區(qū)分isn’t that和is that的發(fā)音;在理解上就要注意反問(wèn)句所表達(dá)的偏強(qiáng)調(diào)的意思。

2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句

But actually, it was a physicist/ who came up with a method that was a breakthrough. (TPO15-L3)

這句話較簡(jiǎn)單，主要是同學(xué)們?nèi)菀茁?tīng)懂了仍然不清楚這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型it was sb. who…，而這個(gè)句型基本上是初中語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，但你看，作為用得少的典范，就容易反應(yīng)不出，即使它再簡(jiǎn)單。

3)插入語(yǔ)

So the original hypothesis/ that the stones found with sauropods were gastroliths/, even though it hasn’t been supported/, has helped us to make new hypothesis/, which may eventually lead to the answer. (TPO27-L3)

這句話比剛才的難度要大，首先要判斷出that引出同位語(yǔ)，指hypothesis，所以從the original hypothesis到gastroliths是主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)我們上一期文章提到的抓“核心主謂賓”的方法，要有意識(shí)抓謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。接著聽(tīng)到even though，這個(gè)時(shí)候就要召喚語(yǔ)法預(yù)判能力了，因?yàn)閑ven though固定搭配“雖然…但是…/即使…也…”，所以even though引導(dǎo)的都是讓步從句，我們?nèi)匀灰ブ骶?，也就繼續(xù)等待剛才“the original hypothesis…gastroliths”主語(yǔ)部分之后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)，此后我們聽(tīng)到has helped…確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。到此為止，主干部分已經(jīng)清楚So the original hypothesis…h(huán)as helped us to make new hypothesis。最后which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾new hypothesis，較簡(jiǎn)單。

另外本句要注意聽(tīng)出hasn’t been supported, has helped的否定和肯定，否則邏輯仍會(huì)混亂。本句語(yǔ)法成分較多：同位語(yǔ)，插入語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句，但相對(duì)最難的是插入語(yǔ)。

4)被動(dòng)句

It was presented in the works of well-known Greek philosophers/ as early as the fourth century B.C.E. (TPO21-L1)

本句如果第一遍沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂，則要在精聽(tīng)中的第二遍聽(tīng)主干，也就是核心主謂賓：It was presented…再在第三遍抓里面的細(xì)節(jié)，也就是其他介詞引導(dǎo)的部分;其中注意連讀works of，as early as;本句為大家也用得相對(duì)較少的被動(dòng)句句式。

5)倒裝句

Only after the site at Gonur-depe was excavated/ were archaeologists able to identify it/ as coming from Gonur-depe. (TPO28-L4)

本句首先聽(tīng)聽(tīng)前半部分有明顯的停頓were，那么迅速判斷only after…were是明顯的倒裝句。事實(shí)上本句很多同學(xué)看都不一定看得懂，這就考查語(yǔ)法功底的扎實(shí)程度了。

2020托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)：石器時(shí)代人類烹煮食物

Chimpanzees spend about half their day chewing.

"And for context, think about how much time a day you spend chewing."

Daniel Lieberman, a professor of human evolutionary biology at Harvard University.

"So how did we make that transition, from spending most of our day or half of our day chewing, to spending less than five percent?"

Cooking certainly tenderizes food, making it easier to chew and digest.

But evidence for human cook fires goes back only about 500,000 years, if that.

And Homo erectus had already evolved weaker jaws, and smaller teeth, more than a million years before that.

So Lieberman and his colleague Katherine Zink began their investigation by recreating a paleolithic dinner:yams, carrots, beets… and goat meat.

"If you were to try to eat some raw goat with your teeth you would find that you would chew and chew and chew, it's like bubblegum."

Lucky volunteers got to experience that, by chewing the food.

Either in its wild, un-tenderized state, or after it was bashed or sliced with Flintstonian tools.

As the study subjects ate, the researchers monitored the frequency and force of each chew.

And they found that a diet of abundant, pre-sliced meat, with a side of pounded root vegetables, might have saved Homo erectus two and a half million chews a year.

Meaning: less need for big, bulky jaws and teeth.

The research is in the journal Nature.

Of course, these days "processed food" has a pretty bad rap.

But for our ancestors, food processing was key.

"It's hard for people today to imagine what it was like to eat and cook and hunt during those times.

For the vast majority of our evolutionary history, our ancestors had to work pretty hard to chew their dinner."

Something for you to chew on, perhaps over dinner tonight.Chimpanzees spend about half their day chewing. 黑猩猩每天要在咀嚼食物上花掉將近一半的時(shí)間。

And for context, think about how much time a day you spend chewing. 相比之下，想想你每天花多少時(shí)間用來(lái)咀嚼呢?

Daniel Lieberman, a professor of human evolutionary biology at Harvard University. 哈佛大學(xué)的人類進(jìn)化生物教授丹尼爾利伯爾曼說(shuō)道。

So how did we make that transition, from spending most of our day or half of our day chewing, to spending less than five percent? 那我們是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這種轉(zhuǎn)變的呢?從一天吃東西花費(fèi)大部分時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在大約不到5%的時(shí)間的呢?”

Cooking certainly tenderizes food, making it easier to chew and digest. 烹調(diào)確實(shí)讓食物變得更軟，更易咀嚼和消化。

But evidence for human cook fires goes back only about 500,000 years, if that. 但人類利用火進(jìn)行烹調(diào)的證據(jù)只能追溯到大約500,000年前，如果的確如此的話。

And Homo erectus had already evolved weaker jaws, and smaller teeth, more than a million years before that. 而直立人進(jìn)化出相對(duì)脆弱的下頜及小牙齒要比那個(gè)時(shí)候還早100萬(wàn)年。

So Lieberman and his colleague Katherine Zink began their investigation by recreating a paleolithic dinner: 因此利伯爾曼和他的同事凱瑟琳辛克通過(guò)重新還原舊石器時(shí)代的一頓晚餐開(kāi)始了對(duì)此的調(diào)查研究:

yams, carrots, beets… and goat meat. 山藥，胡蘿卜，甜菜，還有山羊肉。

If you were to try to eat some raw goat with your teeth you would find that you would chew and chew and chew, it's like bubblegum. 如果你試著用牙齒直接吃生羊肉，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)需要不停咀嚼，像在嚼泡泡糖一樣。

Lucky volunteers got to experience that, by chewing the food. 參與這項(xiàng)研究的幸運(yùn)志愿者們?cè)诰捉朗澄飼r(shí)有了這樣的體驗(yàn)。

Either in its wild, un-tenderized state, or after it was bashed or sliced with Flintstonian tools. 不管是野生，未經(jīng)烹調(diào)，還是通過(guò)打火石工具敲打切碎后的食物都是這樣。

As the study subjects ate, the researchers monitored the frequency and force of each chew. 而隨著研究對(duì)象的進(jìn)食,研究人員們對(duì)他們每次咀嚼的頻率和力度進(jìn)行了檢測(cè)。

And they found that a diet of abundant, pre-sliced meat, with a side of pounded root vegetables, might have saved Homo erectus two and a half million chews a year. 結(jié)果他們發(fā)現(xiàn)豐盛的一餐，肉類，根莖類蔬菜提前切好也許可以使直立人每年減少250萬(wàn)次咀嚼。

Meaning: less need for big, bulky jaws and teeth. 這就表明不需要巨大的，笨重的下頜以及牙齒。

The research is in the journal Nature. 這項(xiàng)研究已在《自然》雜志上發(fā)表。

Of course, these days processed food has a pretty bad rap. 當(dāng)然，這些天加工食品的口碑不是很好。

But for our ancestors, food processing was key. 但對(duì)我們的祖先而言，食物加工處理可是關(guān)鍵性的一環(huán)。

We live such modern lives that it's hard for people today to imagine what it was like to eat and cook and hunt during those times. 我們現(xiàn)在過(guò)著這樣的生活，而現(xiàn)在的人們很難想象在當(dāng)時(shí)那種條件下吃東西、烹飪及狩獵是什么樣子。

For the vast majority of our evolutionary history, our ancestors had to work pretty hard to chew their dinner. 在我們?nèi)祟愡M(jìn)化歷史上很大一部分時(shí)間里，我們的祖先必須很努力的咀嚼自己的晚餐食物。

Something for you to chew on, perhaps over dinner tonight. 而對(duì)你而言，一頓晚餐或許要用一整晚才能搞定。

2020托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)：蝙蝠免疫力抗擊埃博拉病毒

When a virus invades your cells, it kicks your immune machinery into motion.

The first responders are signaling proteins, called interferons.

And they trigger downstream immune responses.

So you can kind of think of them as the hormones of the immune system.

They're triggered and then they stimulate a bunch of other immune responses that are more specific to that pathogen.

Michelle Baker, a comparative immunologist at the Australian Animal Health Laboratory.

In the spirit of comparative immunology, Baker and her colleagues looked at how another mammal—the black flying fox, a type of bat—handles infections.

They sequenced its immunity genes, and observed the immune response in normal bat cells.

And they found that, unlike us—the bats always have interferons on patrol.

Meaning the proteins do not wait to be activated by invaders.

And the researchers say that this constant state of high alert may be why bats can carry Ebola, Nipah virus, and a whole lot of other infections with no symptoms at all.

The findings appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

So why not switch on those interferons 24/7 in humans?

Well in us, they also tend to cause lots of inflammation and cell damage.

Like the symptoms you feel from the flu—a lot of that is your immune system's fault.

But the key might be to do as the bats do.

"If we can just skew the response of our immune system so it triggers an antiviral response without the pro-inflammatory effects, then we might have something we can work with in terms of a novel therapeutic for humans."

Bats have long been known to harbor disease.

So it would be fitting if they also taught us how to fight it

When a virus invades your cells, it kicks your immune machinery into motion. 當(dāng)病毒入侵你的細(xì)胞，免疫系統(tǒng)開(kāi)始工作。

The first responders are signaling proteins, called interferons. 首先起作用的就是信號(hào)蛋白，它也被稱為干擾素。

And they trigger downstream immune responses. 而它會(huì)觸發(fā)下游免疫反應(yīng)。

So you can kind of think of them as the hormones of the immune system. 因此你可以把它們想象成免疫系統(tǒng)的荷爾蒙。

They're triggered and then they stimulate a bunch of other immune responses that are more specific to that pathogen. 免疫系統(tǒng)開(kāi)始工作后，就會(huì)刺激一系列針對(duì)病原體更具體的其他免疫反應(yīng)。

Michelle Baker, a comparative immunologist at the Australian Animal Health Laboratory. 米歇爾.貝克爾是澳大利亞動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生實(shí)驗(yàn)室的比較免疫學(xué)家。

In the spirit of comparative immunology, Baker and her colleagues looked at how another mammal-the black flying fox, a type of bat-handles infections. 本著比較免疫學(xué)理論，貝克爾和她的同事們對(duì)其它哺乳動(dòng)物蝙蝠的一種，黑狐蝠應(yīng)對(duì)感染的方式進(jìn)行了觀察。

They sequenced its immunity genes, and observed the immune response in normal bat cells. 研究人員對(duì)免疫基因進(jìn)行了排序，并觀察了正常蝙蝠細(xì)胞的免疫反應(yīng)。

And they found that, unlike us-the bats always have interferons on patrol. 而結(jié)果他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與我們?nèi)祟愃煌氖?，蝙蝠體內(nèi)的干擾素一直在起作用。

Meaning the proteins do not wait to be activated by invaders. 這代表著蛋白質(zhì)不需要等待入侵后才開(kāi)始激活。

And the researchers say that this constant state of high alert may be why bats can carry Ebola, Nipah virus, and a whole lot of other infections with no symptoms at all. 而研究人員稱這種持續(xù)的高警戒狀態(tài)可能是蝙蝠攜帶埃博拉病毒、尼帕病毒及其它感染性疾病但卻沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)任何癥狀的原因。

The findings appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 這項(xiàng)研究已在《美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊》上發(fā)表。

So why not switch on those interferons 24/7 in humans? 那為何不激活人體內(nèi)的干擾素呢?

Well in us, they also tend to cause lots of inflammation and cell damage. 對(duì)人類的身體而言，這樣會(huì)引起大量炎癥并造成細(xì)胞損傷。

Like the symptoms you feel from the flu-a lot of that is your immune system's fault. 免疫系統(tǒng)缺失就像感染流感病毒一樣。

But the key might be to do as the bats do. 但關(guān)鍵在于我們?nèi)绾文７买稹?/p>

If we can just skew the response of our immune system so it triggers an antiviral response without the pro-inflammatory effects, then we might have something we can work with in terms of a novel therapeutic for humans. 如果我們只是讓自身免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)生偏差，這樣就可以在沒(méi)有任何炎癥的情況下抗擊病毒，因此我們可以利用這種新方法治療人類疾病。

Bats have long been known to harbor disease. 一直以來(lái)人類就知曉，蝙蝠可以免疫于疾病。

So it would be fitting if they also taught us how to fight it. 因此如果我們通過(guò)這些小動(dòng)物學(xué)會(huì)怎樣抗擊疾病，那就再好不過(guò)了。