托福聽力常見扣分辨音問題應對技巧分享指點

由 一網寶 分享時間：2022-07-24 19:24:00 加入收藏我要投稿點贊

托福聽力訓練2種針對性練習方法詳解, 解決常見易錯問題，今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃τ柧?種針對性練習方法詳解，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力訓練2種針對性練習方法詳解解決常見易錯問題

對聽力素材缺乏整體理解：總聽全文

托福聽力考試中不乏主旨總結歸納類型的題目，這類題目針對聽力素材整體提問，而有些同學聽素材時更關注細節(jié)，整體大意可能就把握的不太到位，做這類題目錯誤率比較高。針對這個問題，大家可以采取總聽全文的練習方法。

既然叫總聽，就是不要陷入文章內容的細節(jié)。大家在進行總聽練習時其實只要做兩件事，一是明確主題，大概知道這個段落講了什么事;另一個是尋找邏輯，找到了文章的整體邏輯鏈就能把握其敘述結構，這樣大家對文章的整體走向也就有所認識了。

那么托福聽力的文章，其邏輯包括什么呢?大家不要把邏輯想的太復雜，考生只要能簡單判斷出這篇文章是按時間順序寫的還是空間順序;是現象解釋還是兩種觀點的比較等這些基本邏輯概念就足夠了。所以大家在總聽訓練的時候，可以重點關注那些起承轉合的詞，這樣可以幫我們快速把握文章的邏輯關系。

面對細節(jié)題總是遺漏出錯：細聽每句

和上面這種錯誤正好相反的情況是考生對聽力素材整體還是把握得比較好的，但一些問的比較細的問題大家可能就有所疏漏了，或是沒記下來，或是當時記住之后很快忘了。如果考生在聽力細節(jié)上比較薄弱，那么需要進行的就是細聽每句的訓練了。

在細聽每句時，一種比較常見的錯誤做法是用復讀機聽。一句話說完，考生就按個復讀，讓機器一遍一遍地讀這句話，他不緊不慢地逐字聽寫下來。這種聽寫就屬于低效甚至無效聽寫。

比較合理的練習方法是大家對聽力素材中的一句話先聽一遍，到了一個語意停頓的地方按暫停，通過自己的回憶把這句話寫下來。有的同學可能會說，一句話說了十幾個詞，我才能寫出三五個單詞，這個沒關系，因為我們在這里練的不是把聽到的內容完全寫下來的能力，而是鍛煉記憶細節(jié)并且自我總結的能力。大家要記住，每句話只聽一遍，盡力寫出或復述出你聽到的內容。能寫多少算多少。開始能寫三五個詞，堅持練習，就能寫出更多，這樣大家抓住細節(jié)的能力也就能得到有效提升了。

2020托福聽力練習：人耳聽到的聲音優(yōu)于CD品質

Jay Z's "Tidal" platform promises listeners CD-quality streaming music, in all its 44.1 kilohertz, 16 bit glory—much better, they say, than compressed files, like mp3s. But why stop there? Neil Young's PonoMusic Store sells music that's even better than CD quality.

In a YouTube video for the service Young compares mp3 listeners to scuba divers, muddling around the seafloor. "You know you're walking around in the murk and there's big fish down there, that's kind of like listening to an mp3."

CD listeners are underwater, too. The only way to rise to the top, he says, is to dial up sample rate to over four times that of CD: to 192 kilohertz. "When you make it to 192, you actually break through the surface, and you're breathing air. And the feeling is different, it actually is a visceral relief. You feel good."

But… how good? What researchers, record producers, audiophiles, sound engineers, want to know is: "Is CD, compact disc, enough?" Joshua Reiss (RICE), who leads audio engineering research at Queen Mary University of London. "And the arguments seem to be never-ending."

Reiss took a stab at settling the argument with a meta-analysis—a study of studies—on whether people can really perceive better-than-CD quality sound. He analyzed data from 18 studies, including more than 400 participants and nearly 13,000 listening tests. Overall, listeners picked out the better-than-CD-quality track 52.3 percent of the time. Statistically significant, if not all that impressive.

But when Reiss isolated studies that trained listeners first and gave them a chance to feast their ears on the difference, their odds of picking the higher-quality track climbed to 60 percent. Suggesting there may actually be some perceptible difference... at least enough to convince Reiss to change his listening habits. "Yes I think I actually will, based on this." The analysis is in the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society.

Not that it will settle all arguments. "No, no never. But what I think it might do is allow the researchers to move on a little bit from this question and to start looking deeper into the causes of the perception." And for the audiophiles out there? It's no doubt music to their ears.

Jay Z的“潮汐”平臺承諾為聽眾提供CD品質的流媒體音樂，44.1千赫，16比特，他們說這比mp3等壓縮文件的品質更高。但是為什么要停在這里?尼爾·楊的波諾音樂商店出售的音樂品質甚至比CD品質更高。

楊在上傳到優(yōu)兔網上的視頻中，將mp3聽眾比作漫游在海底的水肺潛水員?！澳阒滥阏诤诎抵新?，周圍有大魚游來游去，這就像在聽mp3?！?/p>

CD收聽者也在海底。他說，唯一可以升到海面的方法是把采樣率調到CD的4倍以上：調至192赫茲?！爱斈惆巡蓸勇收{至192赫茲時，你就沖破了海面，可以呼吸到空氣了。這種感覺很不同，就像發(fā)自內心的解脫。你感覺非常好。”

但是，有多好呢?研究人員、唱片制作人、音響發(fā)燒友和音響師想知道的是：CD的品質足夠嗎?約書亞·賴斯在倫敦瑪麗女王大學主導了一項音頻工程研究?！盃幷撍坪跤肋h不會停止?！?/p>

賴斯試圖用整合分析來解決爭論，他對人們是否能感知到比CD品質更好的音樂進行了研究。他分析了18項研究中得到的數據，包括400余名參與者和近1300個聽力測試?？傮w來說，收聽者辨別出優(yōu)于CD品質音樂的概率為52.3%。從統(tǒng)計學意義上看，并不是全部都令人印象深刻。

但是當賴斯把研究分離出來，先對收聽者進行培訓，給他們的耳朵享受不同音樂的機會以后，他們辨別出高品質音樂的機率上升到60%。這表明可能存在顯著的差別，至少可以說服賴斯去改變他的收聽習慣?！盎诖?，我認為我會改變我的收聽習慣?！边@一分析結果刊登在《音頻工程學會志》上。

這一研究結果并不能解決所有爭論?！坝肋h不會。但是我認為這可能會讓研究人員從這個問題轉向另一個問題，開始深入研究感知原因。”這對音響發(fā)燒友來說意味著什么?毫無疑問，這對他們來說絕對是好消息。

重點講解：

1. break through 沖破;突破;

例句：The sun broke through after days of rain.

下了許多天的雨之后，太陽終于撥云而出。

2. take a stab at 嘗試;試圖;

例句：He took a stab at forecasting.

他嘗試進行預測。

3. pick out 辨認出;分辨出;

例句：The detective-constable picked out the words with difficulty.

探警費力地辨認出這些文字。

4. no doubt 無疑地;必定;

例句：She has no doubt as to the correctness of her own estimate.

她對自己所作估計的正確性確信無疑。

5. music to one's ears 悅耳的聲音;佳音;中聽的話;

例句：Popular support—it's music to the ears of any politician.

大眾的支持對任何一名政界人士來說都是佳音。

2020托福聽力練習：人工養(yǎng)殖鱒魚以滿足食用需求

Half of all fish people eat worldwide now come from fish farms. So farms need to do more to keep up with demand.

"If we look to the future, at today's per capita fish intake around the world we would need to double aquaculture production."

Ron Hardy is the University of Idaho's Director of Aquaculture Research. He presented his research at the recent International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding in Sun Valley, Idaho, which he also chaired.

In the wild, rainbow trout eat insects and other, smaller fish. But Hardy says there aren't enough little fish to feed larger fish in the wild and still meet market demand as the human population increases. So he's used selective breeding to create strains of farmed fish that get by on food that's less expensive than little fish—feed made from soybeans, corn and wheat.

Some of the farmed fish really thrive: 16 years ago, Hardy had to wait a year for a one-pound trout. These days, his efforts yield trout up to four times as large in the same amount of time.

"So, it would be kind of like if you were going to breed dogs. So we've got everything from Rottweilers to little Scotties or whatever."

But the farmed fish are not completely vegetarian.

"Soybeans don't have skeletons, they don't have bones and the bones in fish meal are a major source of minerals for the fish, for example."

And much like humans, fish diets require omega-3 fatty acids, not found in terrestrial plants. So Hardy has to add a little fish-oil back into the plant-based feed. For those of us without waders, this kind of aquaculture is our best shot at a fish fry.

現在全世界人們食用的魚中，有一半來自養(yǎng)魚場。所以，養(yǎng)魚場要做更多來滿足人們的需求。

“如果我們放眼未來，以目前世界人均魚類攝入量來看，我們需要加倍水產養(yǎng)殖?！?/p>

羅恩·哈迪是愛達荷大學水產養(yǎng)殖研究所所長。他主持了近期在愛達荷州太陽谷舉行的世界魚類營養(yǎng)與飼料學術研討會，并發(fā)表了他的研究成果。

在野生環(huán)境中，虹鱒魚以昆蟲和其它小型魚類為食。但是哈迪表示，由于人類人口不斷增長，野生環(huán)境中沒有足夠的小型魚類既供大型魚類食用，又滿足市場需求。所以，他采用選擇育種的方法培育出幾種養(yǎng)殖魚品種，這些品種依靠花費少于小型魚類的食物生存，比如大豆、玉米和小麥等。

一些養(yǎng)殖魚茁壯成長：16年以前，哈迪想得到一只一磅重的鱒魚，必須要等一年的時間。而現在，他的努力使鱒魚的產量在同樣的時間內翻了四倍。

“所以，這就像培育狗一樣。我們可以得到羅德維拉犬，也可以得到小型Scotties犬。”

但是養(yǎng)殖魚并不是完全的素食魚。

“大豆中不含骨骼，不含骨頭，而骨頭是魚類飲食中礦物質的主要來源?！?/p>

與人類很像，魚飼料也需要歐米伽-3脂肪酸，但它并不存在于陸生植物中。所以哈迪必須要在植物性飼料中加一些魚油。對于我們這種沒有釣魚用連靴褲的人來說，這種水產養(yǎng)殖是我們能享用到炸魚的最佳選擇。

重點講解：

1. keep up with 跟上(變化等);跟上(活兒、人等);

例句：Penny tended to work through her lunch hour in an effort to keep up with her work.