托福聽力備考不同分數(shù)段學習方法分類精講

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影響考生托福聽力得分的因素很多，比如缺乏專業(yè)學科基本知識之類的其實都還相對好解決一些，今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃ΤＲ娍鄯直嬉魡栴}應對技巧分享指點，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力常見扣分辨音問題應對技巧分享指點

托福聽力聽不準問題匯總

托福聽力中比較讓考生覺得困擾的地方在于所有解題涉及的信息都要憑自己的耳朵去判斷，同時還需要根據(jù)聽到的信息迅速反映出其對應單詞的意思，這個過程中就很容易產(chǎn)生一些根本性的問題，比如：“聽音頻的時候看不到題目，就擔心聽見的沒考，考的沒聽到”;“對話實在太快完全沒時間記筆記”;“雖然聽見考點但是光顧寫提示詞，后面的就錯過了”;“知道怎么聽重點單詞，但好像聽成了發(fā)音很像其實是另外一個詞”;會出現(xiàn)這些問題大多是因為大家都遇到了“辨音”問題。

托福聽力辨音問題應對技巧

首先考生要嘗試去給材料分段，一般來說兩個段的內(nèi)容主題是不同的，還有一些提示詞幫助大家分段，大家可以在做題時總結(jié)一下，找找規(guī)律，一旦分好段后找信息就方便多了。

其次，根據(jù)句子間的起承轉(zhuǎn)合、句中停頓分析句子中的主謂賓關(guān)系，這一點也可以通過聽力材料總結(jié)經(jīng)驗。

第三，分意群，可以簡單理解成詞組，在聽到特定的動詞詞組的念法后，如：“as opposed to” 的發(fā)音，很多童鞋會聽成“I suppose to”，在遇到相似的表達時候就不會懵了。

最后，分單詞，看似簡單實際最容易出問題的一部分，為什么這么說?因為很多大家喜聞樂見日常使用千百遍的單詞，大家自己念和自己意會的是一回事，而在聽力材料中的發(fā)音甚至意思卻不同，這就要求同學們結(jié)合聽力材料好好研究一下自己的常犯錯誤。

托福聽力發(fā)音細節(jié)注意要點

有同學表示，以上講的方法我都懂，我也知道哪句是重點但就是得不到重要信息，這主要是由于自己根深蒂固的錯誤發(fā)音。關(guān)于發(fā)音一定要注意以下幾點：

長音短音

長短音方面在背單詞時一定要注意。例如sheep不要聽成ship，sheet不要聽成sht，類似這種，不然一旦理解錯了，整句甚至會把文章理解錯。

重弱相宜

第一音節(jié)弱化，第二音節(jié)重音的單詞方面。如：I really appreciate很容易漏掉“a”聽成 I really “preciate”。

相近音節(jié)

相近音方面，不可以自己加減與音頻聲音不符的輔音。比如，/i:l/, /ju:/, /ilm/，原句說 “Students have only got limited amount of time. I don’t expect you to be overwhelmed. Focus on just a few.”很多考生會聽成film，這就屬于自己加上了一個/m/的音節(jié)，并且把/ju:/與短音+輔音的組合/il/搞混了。

單詞詞性

單詞詞性方面，名詞不要聽成動詞。比方說，如果你聽到一個/la?/這樣的聲音，后方出現(xiàn)了/k?n me?k/的聲音，那么想一下應該對應上can make，can后邊已經(jīng)有make這個動詞了，前方的/la?/就一定不是like了。

語境理解

語境理解方面，聯(lián)系上下文分析某個詞究竟是誰，也是需要通過大量輸入練習、跟讀+背誦、再到分析輸出才能達成的一個能力。舉個例子，地質(zhì)學，講到湖水形成，提到地表有斜坡，然后聽到 lower /b?+輔音/ 和 higher /b?+輔音/這樣的組合，如果給你選擇，這個輔音可能是 /k/, /?k/, 你會認為是哪個呢?組合一下，分別應是 /b?k/，即back，與 /b??k/，即bank。湖在坡地上，高低背還是高低岸?相信大家在聽到時就已有答案了。

2020托福聽力練習：蜜蜂通過味道給花粉排名

Walk through Times Square—you're bombarded with advertising. And it turns out, a bumblebee might have a similar feeling, buzzing through a field of flowers. "So these flowers are these billboards, they're advertising a good, this delicious nectar reward, and bees are very picky shoppers." Anne Leonard, a pollination biologist at the University of Nevada, Reno.

She describes a flower field as a sort of pollination marketplace. And one way bees choose where to visit? "Bees are nectar experts. They are really good at assessing even really small differences in the sugar concentration of nectar." They also scope out the shape and size of the flowers, and their color and scent. And now Leonard and her colleagues have discovered that bumblebees are pollen aficionados, too.

They found that out by lacing batches of cherry pollen with either table sugar or bitter quinine. And to display the pollen to bees, "We got really into it—we started 3-D printing flowers in our lab." And for the anther—the male flower part, which presents the pollen—pipe cleaners. "So we bought out Michael's craft store supplies of these pipe cleaners and used them in our experiments."

Turns out bees would return again and again to the same color flower that dispensed sweet pollen, and spend more time collecting there. But when confronted with the bitter pollen? They sought a different colored flower for their very next stop. All of which suggests that, in addition to savoring nectar, bees taste pollen too—and judge flowers by it. The results are in the journal Biology Letters.

The finding means that plants have to find a happy medium: "So can you make your pollen attractive enough that the bees will collect it, but distasteful enough that they won't collect too much of it?" And that balancing act, of carefully calibrated chemistry—it's just one of the many transactions that plays out in the buzzing pollination marketplace. Where the object is to make a sweet profit.

走過紐約時代廣場，你會被廣告不斷侵擾。事實證明，熊蜂在嗡嗡地飛過花田時，可能會有類似的感覺?！耙驗檫@些花朵就像是那些廣告牌，它們在為這些美味可口的花蜜打廣告，而蜜蜂就是那些非常挑剔的消費者?！眱?nèi)華達州立大學雷諾分校的傳粉生物學家安妮·倫納德說道。

她將花田描述為一個授粉市場。蜜蜂選擇去哪里采集花蜜的方法是什么?“蜜蜂是花蜜專家。它們很擅長評估花蜜，即使花蜜糖的濃度存在微小的區(qū)別它們也能感覺到?！彼鼈冞€能確定花的形狀、大小、顏色和氣味?，F(xiàn)在倫納德和她的研究團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)，熊蜂也是花粉愛好者。

他們通過給不同批次分別含有甜蔗糖和苦奎寧的櫻桃花粉系上標簽的方法進行研究，并得到了上述結(jié)論。為了向蜜蜂展示花粉，“我們進行了非常深入地研究，我們開始在實驗室用3D技術(shù)打印花朵。”在花藥部分，也就是呈現(xiàn)出花粉的雄花部分使用清管器?！八晕覀冑徺I了邁克爾工藝品店的清管器，將這些清管器應用到我們的實驗中?！?/p>

實驗證明，蜜蜂會在含有甜蔗糖花粉的相同顏色花朵間重復往返，并且花費更多的時間來采集。那它們遇到含有苦奎寧的花粉時會怎樣呢?它們會在下一次停留時尋找一種與之顏色不同的花朵。所有這一切表明，除了品嘗花蜜，蜜蜂也會品嘗花粉的味道，并且通過花粉來對花朵進行評估。該研究結(jié)果刊登在《生物學快報》雜志上。

該研究結(jié)果表明，植物必須找到一個折中的辦法：“你能讓你的花粉有足夠的吸引力，讓蜜蜂來采集，但是又讓花粉不太合口，確保蜜蜂不會采集太多嗎?”這一精確校準化學的平衡做法，只是蜜蜂授粉市場上進行的眾多交易中的其中一種。該市場的目標是獲得“甜蜜”的利潤。

重點講解：

1. be good at 擅長的;精通的;能干的;

例句：The conductor is good at keeping the players together.

樂隊指揮善于使表演者奏協(xié)調(diào)。

2. buy out 買下…的股權(quán)(或產(chǎn)權(quán));

例句：The bank had to pay to buy out most of the 200 former partners.

銀行不得不花錢買下過去200名合伙人手中的大部分股權(quán)。

3. be confronted with (問題、任務或困難)降臨，使面臨;

例句：There is always turmoil when humans are confronted with change.

當人類面對改變的時候，總是有混亂。

4. in addition to 另外;加之;除…之外;

例句：In addition to the radio, newspapers were also a main source for information.

除了無線電廣播外，報紙也是一種主要信息來源。

5. play out (使)(戲劇性的事件)逐漸發(fā)生;(使)展開;

例句：We play out an imaginary confrontation in our mind.

我們的腦海中浮現(xiàn)出一種想象的沖突。

2020托福聽力練習：高脂飲食因腸道細菌致肥胖

Think it's your inability to resist cheesecake that's making it tough to fit into your skinny jeans? Well, your bacteria may share some of the blame. Because a new study in mice shows that the response of intestinal microbes to a high-fat diet ends up triggering the release of a hormone that makes mammals feel hungry, causing them to eat even more. The finding is served up in the journal Nature.

Previous work has shown that the types of bacteria in the gut in diabetic or obese individuals are different from the bacteria in healthy people. But does this bacterial makeup contribute to these disorders? Or is it just a side effect?

To unravel this mystery, researchers put mice on a high-fat diet. The animals experienced a buildup of a chemical called acetate, particularly in the large intestine.

That location points to gut bacteria, which can produce acetate, as a possible culprit. So the researchers wiped out the microbes using antibiotics or a simple saline wash. And acetate levels plummeted.

Okay, so the gut bacteria in fat-fed mice make acetate. What does acetate do? Well, it gets the involuntary part of the nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system, to put out the call to produce more insulin. Unfortunately, in this case, acetate also gets the parasympathetic nervous system to stimulate production of a hunger hormone called ghrelin. And the more fats an animal consumes, the more acetate it makes — which means the more ghrelin it produces and, of course, the more it eats. And bacteria make the whole sequence happen.

The researchers are now investigating whether the same biochemical events happen in humans. If they do, it's possible that obtaining a better assortments of gut bacteria could help us control our weight. Of course, the best way to get those good bacteria is from a fecal transplant — in which bacteria-rich feces come out of one person and into you. The very thought of which could help curb your appetite.

設(shè)想一下，你很難穿上緊身牛仔褲是因為你無法抗拒奶酪蛋糕嗎?其實，你體內(nèi)的細菌可能要承擔部分責任。一項在小鼠身上進行的新研究表明，腸道細菌對高脂飲食的反應會最終引發(fā)荷爾蒙的釋放，使哺乳動物感到饑餓、吃得更多。該項發(fā)現(xiàn)刊登在《自然》雜志上。

此前的研究表明，糖尿病患者或肥胖群體腸道中的細菌類型與健康人的不同。但是這種細菌組成會導致這些疾病嗎?還是只是一種副作用?

為了解開這個謎團，研究人員讓小鼠食用高脂飲食。因此，醋酸酯這種化學物質(zhì)在這些動物的大腸內(nèi)積累起來。

該位置指向腸道細菌，這種細菌能產(chǎn)生醋酸酯，是潛在的罪魁禍首。因此，研究人員用抗生素或簡單的生理鹽水來消滅微生物。這同時也使醋酸酯濃度下降。

食用高脂飲食的小鼠，其體內(nèi)腸道細菌可以產(chǎn)生醋酸酯。醋酸酯的作用是什么?它可以使神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中的無意識部分發(fā)出信號，產(chǎn)生更多的胰島素。不幸的是，在這種情況下，醋酸酯也會使副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)刺激饑餓激素的產(chǎn)生。同時，脂肪消耗的越多，體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的醋酸酯就越多，這意味著體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的饑餓激素越多，當然就吃的越多。而且細菌會使這一整個序列發(fā)生。

研究人員正在研究相同的生物化學反應是否會在人類身上發(fā)生。假如人類也會這樣，那么對腸道細菌更好的分類也許可以幫助我們控制體重。當然，攝取這些有益細菌的最佳方式是通過糞便移植，即某人含有大量細菌的排泄物進入到你的體內(nèi)。想到這里可能會有助于抑制你的食欲。

重點講解：

1. end up 最終;結(jié)果;到頭來;

例句：If you speak too slowly, you might end up sounding unnatural.

但如果說得太慢，就有可能導致發(fā)音不自然。

2. be different from 與……不同;

例句：My style of writing is very different from yours.

我寫作的風格和你很不同。

3. contribute to 促成;促使;是導致…的原因之一;

例句：Exercise contributes to better health.

鍛煉能促成更強健的體魄。

4. wipe out 摧毀;毀滅;使滅絕;

例句：The plague once could wipe out a village.

鼠疫曾一度可以奪走整個村莊村民的生命。

2020托福聽力練習：城市燈光欺騙樹木

The Earth's temperature is rising. And as it does, springtime phenomena—like the first bloom of flowers—are getting earlier and earlier. But rising temperatures aren't the only factor. Urban light pollution is also quickening the coming of spring. "So temperature and light are really contributing to a double whammy of making everything earlier." Richard ffrench-Constant, an entomologist at the University of Exeter.

He and his colleagues compiled 13 years of data from citizen scientists in the U.K., who tracked the first bud burst of four common trees. Turns out, light pollution—from streetlights in cities, and along roads—pushed bud burst a full week earlier. Way beyond what rising temperatures could achieve. This disruptive timing can ripple through the ecosystem.

"The caterpillars that feed on trees are trying to match the hatching of their eggs to the timing of bud burst. Because the caterpillars want to feed on the juiciest and least chemically protected leaves. And it's not just the caterpillars, of course, that are important. But the knock-on effect is on nesting birds, which are also trying to hatch their chicks at the same time that there's the maximum number of caterpillars." So earlier buds could ultimately affect the survival of birds, and beyond. The findings are in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

The world's becoming increasingly urbanized, and light pollution is growing—which ffrench-Constant says could trick trees into budding earlier and earlier. But smarter lighting—like LEDs that dial down certain wavelengths—could help. "Perhaps the exciting thing is, if we understand more about how light affects this bud burst, we might be able to devise smarter sort of street lighting that has less red components, and therefore less early bud burst." Thus keeping springtime an actual springtime phenomenon.

地球溫度正在上升。因此，花兒首次盛開等春季現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)時間會越來越早。但是，不斷升高的氣溫并不是唯一的影響因素。城市光污染同樣加快了春天到來的腳步。“因此，在溫度和光線的雙重沖擊下，一切都提早到來?！崩聿榈隆べM倫奇·康斯坦特是英國?？巳卮髮W的昆蟲學家。

他和他的同事對英國公民科學家統(tǒng)計了13年的數(shù)據(jù)進行編制，這些科學家對四種常見樹木進行追蹤，觀察它們第一次萌芽的時間。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市及道路兩邊的路燈造成的光污染，會使樹木的發(fā)芽時間提前整整一個星期。除此以外，不斷上升的氣溫也會施加影響。這種破壞性的時機會對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成影響。

“以樹木為食的毛毛蟲正試圖將自己的孵卵時間與樹木的發(fā)芽時間相匹配。因為毛毛蟲要以最多汁、最少受化學物質(zhì)保護的樹葉為食。不僅毛毛蟲是這樣，當然，這一點很重要。這種連鎖反應體現(xiàn)在筑巢鳥類身上，它們試圖在毛毛蟲數(shù)量最多的時候孵化鳥蛋?！币虼耍崆鞍l(fā)芽最終可能會影響鳥類的生存，甚至產(chǎn)生更加深遠的影響。該項研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《英國皇家學會學報B》上。

世界越來越城市化，光污染的范圍也在逐漸擴大，費倫奇·康斯坦特表示這種情況會欺騙樹木，使其發(fā)芽的時間越來越早。但是LED這樣的智能燈光會調(diào)低特定的波長，這可能會有所幫助?！耙苍S令人感到興奮的是，如果我們對燈光如何影響發(fā)芽有更多了解，我們也許能設(shè)計出發(fā)出更少紅光的智能路燈，這樣就可以使發(fā)芽時間少提前一些?！边M而讓春天呈現(xiàn)出實際的春天現(xiàn)象。

重點講解：

1. contribute to 促成;促使;是導致…的原因之一;

例句：Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.

誠實加苦干有助于成功和幸福。

2. turn out 原來是;結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn);

例句：I'm sure things will turn out all right in the end.

我確信最終一切都會好的。

3. at the same time 同時;

例句：The crash took place at the same time as he left.

就在他離開時，車禍發(fā)生了。

4. dial down 下調(diào);降低;

例句：The retreating gasoline price helped to lift consumer spirits this month and dial down their inflation expectations.

本月汽油價格的回落提升了消費者信心，并降低了他們的通脹預期。

2020托福聽力練習：公路噪音掩蓋鳥類求救信號

It may not be the most melodious bit of birdsong you'll ever encounter. [Titmouse alarm call]. But this particular call, issued by a tufted titmouse, conveys important information about the presence of potential predators. But only if other birds can hear it.

Unfortunately, near a highway, traffic sounds can drown out such alarm calls. Scientists have long observed a decrease in wildlife populations in habitats adjacent to major roadways. And many figured it was the noise that drives creatures to hightail it someplace more remote. But it could be more than mere annoyance that keeps animals away. The inability to hear potentially life-saving calls could also be a factor. That's according to a study in the journal Biology Letters.

To test that theory, Aaron Grade and Kathryn Sieving at the University of Florida recorded that titmouse alarm call, produced by a captive individual that had spotted an owl. They then played this alarm call from speakers mounted in different locations in Florida state parks. Some of the spots were noisy, along Interstate 75 or U.S. Route 441. Others were more secluded and relatively quiet.

The scientists then observed the reactions of cardinals to these broadcasted declarations of danger. Because cardinals and other birds often eavesdrop on the talk of titmice for news of impending peril.

In the quiet areas, cardinals clearly responded to the titmouse alarms. They froze in place, stopped singing and scanned the area for predators. But in the noisy places, cardinals paid the warnings no heed and continued their regular activities.

It's not completely clear whether the cardinals could not hear the calls or if they were simply too distracted by the traffic to respond. Either way, looks like some birds should seek the road less traveled—or travel the regions less road-ed. Whereas hungry owls should hit the highway if they're looking to sneak up on an unexpecting snack.

(山雀的警報信號)可能不是你聽過的最悅耳的鳥鳴聲。但是這種由簇山雀發(fā)出的特殊呼叫，傳遞了重要的信息——可能存在捕食者。但前提是其他鳥類得能聽到這一警報。

不幸的是，在高速公路附近，交通聲音會淹沒這種警報信號。經(jīng)過長期觀察，科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)棲息地靠近主干道的野生動物種群數(shù)量在減少。許多人認為正是這種噪音迫使動物們逃到了更偏遠的地方。但使動物遠離的可能不僅僅是打擾這一個因素。無法聽到潛在的救命信號也可能是因素之一。這一研究結(jié)果刊登在《生物學快報》雜志上。

為了驗證這一理論，佛羅里達大學的亞倫·格雷德和凱瑟琳·西溫錄下了簇山雀的警報信號，這是在它發(fā)現(xiàn)貓頭鷹的時候發(fā)出的。然后他們用設(shè)置在佛羅里達州立公園不同地方的揚聲器播放這一警報信號。75號州際公路和441號美國國道沿線的一些地點噪音很大。而其他地方則更加隱蔽且相對安靜。

然后科學家觀察了紅雀對所播放危險信號的反應。因為紅雀和其他鳥類為了得到即將到來危險的消息，經(jīng)常偷聽山雀的對話。

重點講解：

1. drown out 蓋過，淹沒(聲音);

例句：Her voice was drowned out by a loud crash.

她的聲音被一聲響亮的撞擊聲所淹沒。

2. eavesdrop on 偷聽;竊聽;

例句：It is not polite to eavesdrop on the conversation of other people.

偷聽他人說話是很不禮貌的。

3. respond to 應對;作出回應;作出反應;

例句：The horse responds to the slightest pull on the rein.

只要韁繩稍稍一拉，這匹馬就有反應。

4. either way (兩種情況中)不論發(fā)生哪一種情況;