學習英語語法是很多人的痛點，今天小編給大家?guī)砹诵赂拍钣⒄Z第一冊語法知識點之情態(tài)動詞的使用，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
新概念英語第一冊語法知識點之情態(tài)動詞的使用
can, must, may, might, need
情態(tài)動詞can(能夠)， must(必須)， may(可以)
結構：主語+can/must/may+動詞原型
He can make the tea.
Sally can air the room.
We can speak English.
★變疑問句將情態(tài)動詞移到句首
Can he make the tea?
Can Sally air the room?
Can we speak English?
★變否定句在情態(tài)動詞后面加not
He cannot make the tea.
Sally cannot air the room.
We cannot speak English.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, he can. No, he cannot.
Yes, she can. No, she cannot.
Yes, we can. No, we cannot.
★特殊疑問句：
What can you do?
(必背)
注意：情態(tài)動詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動詞或動詞后面加S。
1)Must/have to的區(qū)別
must 表示必須，是主觀上覺得應該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做
must 只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何時態(tài)
2)must, may, might表示猜測：
must do 表示對現(xiàn)在事實的猜測
must have done表示對過去事實的猜測
must have been doing 表示對過去正在進行的事實的猜測
may/might do, may/might have done表示沒有任何事實依據(jù)的猜測，might的可能性更小。
can’t/couldn’t 表示不可能
新概念第一冊語法講解：一般現(xiàn)在時
1、含有be動詞的句子
He is a teacher.
The girl is very beautiful.
Tim and Jack are students.
★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首
Is he a teacher?
Is the girl very beautiful?
Are Tim and Jack students?
★變否定句在be動詞后面加not
He is not a teacher.
The girl is not very beautiful.
Tim and Jack are not students.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
Yes, she is. / No, she is not.
Yes, they are. / No, they are not.
2、不含有be動詞的句子，即含有一般動詞的句子。
(1)第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞
He likes books.
She likes him.
The dog likes bones.
★變疑問句在句首加does, 動詞變?yōu)樵?/p>
Does he like books?
Does she like him?
Does the dog like bones?
★變否定句在主語及動詞之間加doesn't, 動詞變?yōu)樵停渲械膭釉~不再有第三人稱變化。
He doesn't like books.
She doesn't like him.
The dog doesn't like bones.
★肯定回答及否定回答：
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't
Yes, it does. / No, it doesn't.
注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動詞后面加S，不要和名詞復數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時名詞復數(shù)沒有任何變化。
(2)其他人稱及復數(shù)名詞
I want to have a bath.
We have some meat.
The students like smart teachers.
★變疑問句在句首加do
Do you want to have a bath?
Do we have any meat?
Do the students like smart teachers?
★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加don't.
You don't want to have a bath.
We don't have any meat.
The students don't like smart teachers.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
Yes, we do. / No, we don't
Yes, they do. / No, they don't.
新概念第一冊語法講解：現(xiàn)在完成時
現(xiàn)在完成時
構成：主語+助動詞have, has+過去分詞
用法：
1) 表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動作，常和just, usually, already, since等時間副詞連用。
I have just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了。)
He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝。)
They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了。)
The boy has already read the book. (已經(jīng)知道書的內容了，不用再看了。)
2) 詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時：
Have you finished your homework?
Have you been to Beijing?
Have he seen the film?
3) 表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作
I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.
I have worked for this school for 1 year.
4) 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗：去過…地方，做過…事情，經(jīng)歷過…事情
I have never had a bath.
I have never seen a film.
I have never been to cinema.
I have ever been to Paris.
Have been to表示去過，have gone to 表示去了
I have been to London.(人已經(jīng)回來)
He has gone to London.(人還在那里)
5) 表示一種結果， 一般不和時間副詞聯(lián)用
I have lost my pen.
I have hurt myself.
He has become a teacher.
She has broken my heart.
句型變化：
★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首，變否定句在助動詞后面加not.
Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I have. / No, I have not.
★特殊疑問句
What have you done?
What has he done?
一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：
凡是有明確的表示過去的時間狀語的句子為過去時。
注意：有些動詞表示的動作有一個終點，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時間狀語連用。
錯：I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.
對：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.
新概念英語第一冊語法知識點：定語從句
定語從句
1.了解定語從句的構成，首先應了解一些相關的基本概念。
a.被修飾的名詞等成分通常叫做先行詞;b.連接先行詞和定語從句的詞為關系詞。
2.定語從句由關系代詞、關系副詞和關系限定詞三類關系詞連接而成，這三種也將在定語從句講解中一一說明。
定語從句講解關系詞的具體用法
1.關系代詞 which，who，whom，that 和 as
2.關系代詞，顧名思義，必有代替對象。上述五個關系代詞各有其具體指代對象，在從句中作相應的成分。此外，它們引導的定語從句和先行詞是形容詞與名詞的修飾關系。
例句及翻譯
例句1:
Pumas are large，cat-like animals( that/which are found in America.)
【譯文】美洲獅是體形似貓的大型動物，產(chǎn)于美洲。
【注解】關系代詞作從句主語，不可省略。
例句2:
The house (that/which we built last year) is very attractive.
【譯文】我們去年建造的房子很討人喜歡。
【注解】關系代詞作從句賓語，可省略。
例句3:
The novel (with/which most of you are familiar) has been adapted for the
screen.
【譯文】你們大多數(shù)都很熟悉的那部小說已被改編搬上了熒屏。
【注解】關系代詞直接置于介詞后作介詞賓語，此時不可被that替換，也不可省略。
例句4:
He was no longer the reckless young man( that/which he was two years
ago).
【譯文】他不再是兩年前那個莽撞的小伙子了。
【注解】關系代詞作從句表語，可省略;此外，先行詞the young man代表一種狀態(tài)，屬物的范疇，不能用who來引導定語從句。
例句5:
Migrant workers(to whom much more attention has been paid) strongly desire
that their wages should be duly paid.
【譯文】現(xiàn)在民工受到了社會更大的關注，他們強烈渴望自己的工資能夠及時發(fā)放。
【注解】關系代詞直接置于介詞后作介詞賓語，此時不可被who替換，也不可省略。
例句6:
Such accommodations(as they could find) were generally expensive.
【譯文】他們能夠找到的這些住所費用往往比較昂貴。
【注解】之所以選擇關系代詞as引導定語從句，是因為前面有such之故。
例句7:
Such inns(as there were in the mountains) were generally poor.
【譯文】這些山區(qū)里的酒館條件往往比較糟糕。
【注解】之所以選擇關系代詞as引導定語從句，是因為前面有such之故。 例句8:
This is the same mosquito(as bit you just now).
【譯文】這只蚊子和剛才咬你的那只是同一種蚊子。
【注解】之所以選擇關系代詞as引導定語從句，是因為前面有the same之故。
定語從句講解小結：
(1)一般來講，which和that用來替代指物的先行詞，在定語從句中可作主語、賓語或表語
(that不能作介詞后面的賓語);who替代指人的先行詞，在定語從句中作主語或賓語(但不能
作介詞后面的賓語);whom是who的賓格形式，替代指人的先行詞，在定語從句中只能作賓 語;as作為關系代詞，只能用于一些特殊搭配(such... as/the
same... as)。
(2)that既可指物也可指人，但在當代英語中，多指物。
(3)當關系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語或表語時，經(jīng)?？墒÷?，但當which，whom 緊跟在介詞后則不可省略。
例如：
Is that the man(with whom you are going to set up a law firm)?
Is that the man(who/whom)(you are going to set up a law firm with)?
只能用that的情形
a.當先行詞為 all,much,anything, something, nothing,everything, little,none 等不定代
詞，或先行詞被all，any，every等不定代詞修飾時，只能用that替代指物的先行詞。
例如：
①That'a all(that I ask for).
【譯文】這就是我要的一切。
②Is there anything(that I can do for you) ?
【譯文】我可以為您效勞嗎?
③Every tearo(that intends to participate in the contest) is to submit a fee
of 2000.
【譯文】每一個意欲參加比賽的隊伍都應該繳納兩千元的費用。
b.先行詞被形容詞最髙級修飾，或被the only,the first,the last,the next,the
very等修飾時，只能用that替代指物的先行詞。
例如： ?、貶e eats the finest food(that is available).
【譯文】他吃的是所提供的最精美的食物。
②The first case of bird flu( that was reported in Thailand) captured the
attention of officials with WHO.
【譯文】泰閏報道的例禽流感引起了世界衛(wèi)生組織官員們的注意。
③This is the very book(that I have been hunting for a long time).
【譯文】這就是我長期以來一直尋找的那本書。
c.先行詞既包括人，又包括物時。
例如：
①He is always talking brilliantly of the book and author(that interested
him)
【譯文】他對那本書及其作者很感興趣，總是興高采烈地談論著他們。
② We were deeply impressed by the school and its teachers (that we had
visited there).
【譯文】我們訪問的學校和老師給我們留下了深刻的印象。
(5)只能用which的情形
a.用于介詞之后(可參見A例句3)。
b.用于非限制定語從句中。
新概念英語第一冊語法知識點：名詞性從句
名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組，
它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
分類
引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：
連詞(5個)：that (本身無意義。引導單一的賓語從句時that常可省略，但引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時that通常不被省略)
whether,if (均表示“是否”表明從句內容的不確定性)
as if ,as though (均表示“好像”，“似乎”)
以上在從句中均不充當任何成分
連接代詞(10個)：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose,whosever,
which, whichever
連接副詞(7個)：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
不可省略的連詞：
1. 介詞后的連詞。
2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
3. 在從句中做成分的連詞.
比較
whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下，只可用whether：
1. whether引導主語從句并在句首。
eg:Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.
2. 引導表語從句。
eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her.
3. whether從句作介詞賓語。
eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job.
4.if與whether都可以與or not 連用，但后面緊跟or not 時只能用whether。
We didn't know whether or not she was ready.(此時只能用whether)
I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.(此時則二者都可以用)
5.后面直接跟動詞不定式時。
6.引導同位語從句時。
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