抱最大的希望，為最大的努力，做最壞的打算。今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了2020下半年翻譯資格考試一級(jí)筆譯考試精選習(xí)題，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
2020下半年翻譯資格考試一級(jí)筆譯考試精選習(xí)題
The End of the Space Age
太空時(shí)代的結(jié)束
Inner space is useful. Outer space is history
研究?jī)?nèi)太空才有用，讓外太空研究成為歷史
How big is the Earth? Any encyclopedia will give you an answer: its equatorial diameter is 12,756km, or, for those who prefer to think that way, 7,926 miles. Ah, but then there is the atmosphere. Should that count? Perhaps the planet’s true diameter is actually nearer 13,000km, including all its air. But even that may no longer be an adequate measure. For the Earth now reaches farther still. The vacuum surrounding it buzzes with artificial satellites, forming a sort of technosphere beyond the atmosphere. Most of these satellites circle only a few hundred kilometres above the planet’s solid surface. Many, though, form a ring like Saturn’s at a distance of 36,000km, the place at which an object takes 24 hours to orbit the Earth and thus hovers continuously over the same point of the planet.
地球有多大?任何一本百科全書都會(huì)給你答案：赤道直徑是12756公里，或者，用英里來(lái)表達(dá)7926英里。嗯，但是大氣層有多大呢?也能計(jì)算嗎? 包括空氣(大氣層)在內(nèi)，地球的直徑可能接近13000公里。甚至連這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)也不夠充分。因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在地球的變化太大(遠(yuǎn)離平靜的狀態(tài))。包圍大氣層的外部空間人造衛(wèi)星來(lái)去匆匆，形成一個(gè)在大氣層外面的所謂技術(shù)層。大部分衛(wèi)星繞行高度離地球地表僅幾百公里。然而，在距地球36000公里的軌道上物體繞轉(zhuǎn)地球一周的時(shí)間為24小時(shí)，這個(gè)物體飛行時(shí)持續(xù)面對(duì)的是地球上的不變的同一個(gè)點(diǎn)，這樣許多地球同步衛(wèi)星的運(yùn)行會(huì)形成一個(gè)類似的土星環(huán)。
Viewed this way, the Earth is quite a lot larger than the traditional textbook answer. And viewed this way, the Space Age has been a roaring success. Telecommunications, weather forecasting, agriculture, forestry and even the search for minerals have all been revolutionised. So has warfare. No power can any longer mobilise its armed forces in secret. The exact location of every building on the planet can be known. And satellite-based global-positioning systems will guide a smart bomb to that location on demand.
從這個(gè)方面看，地球比傳統(tǒng)的教科書上的回答其實(shí)要大很多。這樣看來(lái)，太空時(shí)代已經(jīng)有了相當(dāng)?shù)某晒?。電信業(yè)，天氣預(yù)測(cè)，農(nóng)業(yè)，林業(yè)，甚至是在礦藏搜尋方面都有了徹底變革。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)也同樣如此，再也沒有政府能秘密地調(diào)兵遣將。這顆星球上的每一幢建筑物的位置都能被精確掌握?；谛l(wèi)星的全球定位系統(tǒng)能按要求指引智能炸彈到達(dá)目標(biāo)。
Yet none of this was the Space Age as envisaged by the enthusiastic “space cadets” who got the whole thing going. Though engineers like Wernher von Braun, who built the rockets for both Germany’s second-world-war V2 project and America’s cold-war Apollo project, sold their souls to the military establishment in order to pursue their dreams of space travel by the only means then available, most of them had their eyes on a higher prize. “First Men to a Geostationary Orbit” does not have quite the same ring as “First Men to the Moon”, a book von Braun wrote in 1958. The vision being sold in the 1950s and 1960s, when the early space rockets were flying, was of adventure and exploration. The facts of the American space project and its Soviet counterpart elided seamlessly into the fantasy of “Star Trek” and “2001: A Space Odyssey”. Other planets may or may not have been inhabited by aliens, but they, and even other stars, were there for the taking. That the taking would begin in the lifetimes of people then alive was widely assumed to be true.
然而沒有這些推動(dòng)太空事業(yè)發(fā)展的太空學(xué)員的滿腔熱情，太空時(shí)代便無(wú)法想象。工程師們?yōu)榱藢?shí)現(xiàn)遨游太空的夢(mèng)想全身心地投入到軍事機(jī)構(gòu)中，這是唯一的可以獲得使用的途徑。比如工程師Wernher Braun，他為二戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的德國(guó)V2計(jì)劃和冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的美國(guó)阿波羅計(jì)劃分別建造了火箭。雖然他們中很多人是為了獲得高額的獎(jiǎng)金。工程師Wernher Braun在1958年的一本書中寫道，第一個(gè)到達(dá)與地球同步軌道的人并沒有得到第一個(gè)到達(dá)月球的人同樣的花環(huán)。二十世紀(jì)五六十年代，當(dāng)早期的意在探索冒險(xiǎn)的太空火箭升空時(shí)，太空遨游的幻想就更熱切了。事實(shí)上，美國(guó)的太空計(jì)劃署和蘇聯(lián)的太空部門已經(jīng)忽略了像“星際旅行”和“2001：太空冒險(xiǎn)”這樣的完美的幻想。
No longer. It is quite conceivable that 36,000km will prove the limit of human ambition. It is equally conceivable that the fantasy-made-reality of human space flight will return to fantasy. It is likely that the Space Age is over.
從此不再幻想。36000公里成為人類抱負(fù)的極限，這件事會(huì)相當(dāng)可信。人類太空飛翔的夢(mèng)想成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，而退回想象也將變得同樣可信。換言之，太空時(shí)代即將結(jié)束。
Bye-bye, sci-fi
再見，科學(xué)幻想
Today’s space cadets will, no doubt, oppose that claim vigorously. They will, in particular, point to the private ventures of people like Elon Musk in America and Sir Richard Branson in Britain, who hope to make human space flight commercially viable. Indeed, the enterprise of such people might do just that. But the market seems small and vulnerable. One part, space tourism, is a luxury service that is, in any case, unlikely to go beyond low-Earth orbit at best (the cost of getting even as far as the moon would reduce the number of potential clients to a handful). The other source of revenue is ferrying astronauts to the benighted International Space Station (ISS), surely the biggest waste of money, at $100 billion and counting, that has ever been built in the name of science.
毫無(wú)疑問，今天的太空學(xué)員們會(huì)強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)這個(gè)聲稱。他們尤其會(huì)提到希望以商業(yè)方式實(shí)現(xiàn)太空飛翔的個(gè)人冒險(xiǎn)者，比如美國(guó)的Elon Musk和英國(guó)的Sir Richard Branson。這些計(jì)劃冒險(xiǎn)的人果真也會(huì)像太空學(xué)員們一樣予以反對(duì)。但是這個(gè)市場(chǎng)似乎很小也很脆弱。一方面，太空旅行是一項(xiàng)奢侈的服務(wù)，不像沖出地球低軌道那么容易(這些如同與月球距離一般可觀的巨額花費(fèi)使?jié)撛诳腿说臄?shù)字減少到幾個(gè))。另外一方面，是把宇航員飛渡到蒙昧的國(guó)際太空站(ISS)所需要的資金來(lái)源，無(wú)疑是最大的浪費(fèi)，已經(jīng)花了千億美金卻還在增長(zhǎng)，那個(gè)曾經(jīng)是以科學(xué)的名義建立起來(lái)的。
The reason for that second objective is also the reason for thinking 2011 might, in the history books of the future, be seen as the year when the space cadets’ dream finally died. It marks the end of America’s space-shuttle programme, whose last mission is planned to launch on July 8th. The shuttle was supposed to be a reusable truck that would make the business of putting people into orbit quotidian. Instead, it has been nothing but trouble. Twice, it has killed its crew. If it had been seen as the experimental vehicle it actually is, that would not have been a particular cause for concern; test pilots are killed all the time. But the pretence was maintained that the shuttle was a workaday craft. The technical term used by NASA, “Space Transportation System”, says it all.
上面提到的第二個(gè)理由也許將成為另外一個(gè)理由，即未來(lái)的歷史書將把2011年視作太空學(xué)員夢(mèng)想破滅的一年。它標(biāo)志著美國(guó)航天計(jì)劃的結(jié)束，該計(jì)劃的最后使命是完成7月8日的發(fā)射。太空飛船被假設(shè)為一輛能重復(fù)使用的貨車以期實(shí)現(xiàn)把人送往同步軌道的商業(yè)事宜。事實(shí)是它什么也沒完成卻帶來(lái)了麻煩。它曾兩次失事扼殺全部乘員(哥倫比亞號(hào)和挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào))。事實(shí)上它只是個(gè)試驗(yàn)性運(yùn)輸工具，要不它不應(yīng)該有讓人焦慮的特別理由;宇航員不時(shí)的被害。但是太空飛船只是一架普通飛機(jī)的假設(shè)需要維護(hù)。其使用的科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)是NASA，其實(shí)它只是一個(gè)“太空運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)”。
But the shuttle is now over. The ISS is due to be de-orbited, in the inelegant jargon of the field, in 2020. Once that happens, the game will be up. There is no appetite to return to the moon, let alone push on to Mars, El Dorado of space exploration. The technology could be there, but the passion has gone – at least in the traditional spacefaring powers, America and Russia.
太空飛船事業(yè)即將結(jié)束。到2020年，ISS將被重設(shè)軌道(這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的不雅的術(shù)語(yǔ))。事情一旦發(fā)生，游戲就將終結(jié)。再也沒有重返月球的欲望，更不用談火星推進(jìn)計(jì)劃，太空探險(xiǎn)的El Dorado計(jì)劃。技術(shù)仍然存在，但是激情已然消失——至少就傳統(tǒng)的太空強(qiáng)國(guó)，美國(guó)和蘇聯(lián)而言。
The space cadets’ other hope, China, might pick up the baton. Certainly it claims it wishes, like President John Kennedy 50 years ago, to send people to the surface of the moon and return them safely to Earth. But the date for doing so seems elastic. There is none of Kennedy’s “by the end of the decade” bravura about the announcements from Beijing. Moreover, even if China succeeds in matching America’s distant triumph, it still faces the question, “what next?” The chances are that the Chinese government, like Richard Nixon’s in 1972, will say “job done” and pull the plug on the whole shebang.
太空學(xué)員們的另一個(gè)希望之地，中國(guó)，也許將拾起接力棒。確定中國(guó)就像50年之前的約翰·肯尼迪一樣宣布并希望要把人類送達(dá)月球表面并安全返回地球。但完成這一愿望的日期看起來(lái)是有彈性的。來(lái)自北京的宣告缺乏肯尼迪的堅(jiān)信“到這個(gè)年代末”。(阿波羅11號(hào)在1969年7月20日登陸月球)。而且，即使中國(guó)成功地對(duì)接了美國(guó)的遙遠(yuǎn)的勝利，它仍需面對(duì)這個(gè)問題，“接下來(lái)怎么樣?”屬于中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的那一時(shí)刻，是否會(huì)像1972年的尼克松一樣說(shuō)“任務(wù)完成了”然后拔下整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的插頭呢。
No bucks, no Buck Rogers
沒有激情，也沒有太空英雄
With luck, robotic exploration of the solar system will continue. But even there, the risk is of diminishing returns. Every planet has now been visited, and every planet with a solid surface bar Mercury has been landed on. Asteroids, moons and comets have all been added to the stamp album. Unless life turns up on Mars, or somewhere even more unexpected, public interest in the whole thing is likely to wane. And it is the public that pays for it all.
好在針對(duì)太陽(yáng)系的機(jī)器探測(cè)仍將持續(xù)。但即便如此，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)猶存，因?yàn)榛貓?bào)越來(lái)越少?，F(xiàn)在太陽(yáng)系中的每顆行星都已經(jīng)被偵察過，每一顆表面是固體的行星，使者M(jìn)ercury都已經(jīng)登陸過。小行星，衛(wèi)星和彗星已經(jīng)增加到集郵冊(cè)里。除非火星上出現(xiàn)生命，或者出現(xiàn)未曾預(yù)料之地，公眾對(duì)探索宇宙的興趣可能越來(lái)越弱。而為它買單的依然是廣大的民眾。
The future, then, looks bounded by that new outer limit of planet Earth, the geostationary orbit. Within it, the buzz of activity will continue to grow and fill the vacuum. This part of space will be tamed by humanity, as the species has tamed so many wildernesses in the past. Outside it, though, the vacuum will remain empty. There may be occasional forays, just as men sometimes leave their huddled research bases in Antarctica to scuttle briefly across the ice cap before returning, for warmth, food and company, to base. But humanity’s dreams of a future beyond that final frontier have, largely, faded.
那么，未來(lái)看來(lái)要被限制在地球的新的外邊界之內(nèi)，即同步軌道。在這層空間里，各種活動(dòng)的嗡嗡聲將繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)而充滿了整個(gè)空間。這部分空間將被人類馴服，就像在過去物種馴服了這么多的荒野。而36000之外的空間仍將是空的?？赡芤矔?huì)有偶爾的突襲，就像在南極考察的人們有時(shí)為了溫暖、食物和朋友離開他們的扎堆而設(shè)的研究基地，在返回之前，這些基地早已沉沒在南極洲的冰蓋之下。但人類想超越領(lǐng)域最前沿的未來(lái)夢(mèng)想已經(jīng)，褪色很多。
2020下半年翻譯資格考試一級(jí)筆譯考試精選習(xí)題
The Future of News back to the Coffee House
新聞產(chǎn)業(yè)的未來(lái)，重回咖啡屋時(shí)代
The internet is taking the news industry back to the conversational culture of the era before mass media
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在將新聞產(chǎn)業(yè)帶回到大眾傳媒出現(xiàn)前的時(shí)代。
Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets, newsletters and broadsides. “The Coffee houses particularly are very commodious for a free Conversation, and for reading at an easier Rate all manner of printed News,” noted one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, the New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. At the time of the launch America’s bestselling paper sold just 4,500 copies a day; the Sun, with its steam press, soon reached 15,000. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.
三百年前，新聞以口頭或書面形式傳播，并且以小冊(cè)子、簡(jiǎn)報(bào)的形式在小餐館或咖啡屋中流傳。據(jù)一名觀察員說(shuō)，咖啡屋是進(jìn)行自由交談的不二選擇，并且也是休閑閱讀的理想場(chǎng)所。但是事情在1883年發(fā)生重大轉(zhuǎn)變，第一個(gè)面向大眾的報(bào)紙，紐約《太陽(yáng)報(bào)》誕生，并且首次引入廣告來(lái)降低新聞成本，一舉兩得地為贊助商尋到更多的觀眾。當(dāng)紐約報(bào)紙面世時(shí)，美國(guó)銷量最好的雜志每天可以賣4500份;但是《太陽(yáng)報(bào)》卻很快達(dá)到15000的銷量。報(bào)紙以及隨后而來(lái)的廣播、電視將新聞傳播方式從兩方面的交流變?yōu)橐环矫娴挠缮贁?shù)公司控制的傳播。
Now, as our special report explains, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. The internet is making news more participatory, social, diverse and partisan, reviving the discursive ethos of the era before mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics.
現(xiàn)在，正如我們的特別報(bào)道所言，新聞產(chǎn)業(yè)正在向之前咖啡屋相近轉(zhuǎn)變?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)使新聞變得更易參與，更具有社會(huì)性，更容易聽到不同的聲音，讓新聞從大眾傳媒時(shí)代重回百家爭(zhēng)鳴的盛況。這對(duì)社會(huì)及政治將產(chǎn)生重大影響。
In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009, helped by particularly strong demand in places like India, where 110m papers are now sold daily. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.
在世界大部分地區(qū)，大眾傳媒都在蓬勃發(fā)展。世界范圍內(nèi)的報(bào)紙銷量從2005年到2009年增長(zhǎng)了6%，特別是有巨大需求的印度地區(qū)，每天就有1億1千萬(wàn)的銷量。但在富裕國(guó)家讀者人數(shù)卻大幅下降。
Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile-phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. An amateur video taken during the Japanese earthquake has been watched 15m times on YouTube. “Crowdsourcing” projects bring readers and journalists together to sift through troves of documents, from the expense claims of British politicians to Sarah Palin’s e-mails. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends.
過去十年整個(gè)西方世界中，人們逐漸放棄報(bào)紙和電視，而是通過其它的方式與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。更引人著目的是更多的普通民眾參與到新聞的收集、分享、篩選和討論中。推特使人們可以隨時(shí)隨地將他們的所見所聞相互分享。各種各樣的文件被無(wú)數(shù)在線用戶上傳。手機(jī)拍客們拍攝的阿拉伯暴亂以及美國(guó)龍卷風(fēng)的視頻和照片在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)中廣泛傳播并且為電視報(bào)道所引用。YouTube上一部攝于日本地震期間的相關(guān)視頻被瀏覽一千五百萬(wàn)次?！氨姲睂⒆x者與記者緊密聯(lián)系在了一起，共同處理各種新聞文件，從英國(guó)政客的消費(fèi)聲明到Sarah Palin的郵件。社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)為人們與好友之間尋找、討論和分享新聞提供了平臺(tái)。
And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important (some say too important) conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders, including Barack Obama and Hugo Chávez, publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through “open government” initiatives. The internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world: The Guardian, a British newspaper, now has more online readers abroad than at home. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites such as the Huffington Post, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practised by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets, like the BBC.
不僅僅是讀者在向傳統(tǒng)傳媒發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)。包括谷歌、臉譜、推特在內(nèi)的科技公司也逐漸成為新聞傳播的重要渠道。包括奧巴馬在內(nèi)的許多名流和政要通過社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)公布他們的實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)打破了人們閱讀報(bào)紙及收看電視頻道的地域限制：《衛(wèi)報(bào)》，一份英國(guó)報(bào)紙，現(xiàn)在較其本土讀者有更多的網(wǎng)上讀者。從博客到類似Huffington Post的網(wǎng)站，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使更多人成為新聞的可能提供者，在很短時(shí)間內(nèi)就獲得大量關(guān)注?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)也為新聞的發(fā)布提供了一種全新的可能，正如維基解密所做的那樣，為揭密者提供匿名發(fā)布信息的平臺(tái)。新聞媒體再也不會(huì)為少數(shù)傳媒巨頭或部分政府部門所控制，就像BBC。
In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. A Texan who once had to rely on the Houston Chronicle to interpret the world can now collect information from myriad different sources. Authoritarian rulers everywhere have more to fear. So what, many will say, if journalists have less stable careers? All the same, two areas of concern stand out.
原則上來(lái)說(shuō)，每個(gè)自由主義人士都應(yīng)該為此慶祝。一個(gè)更具有參與性與社會(huì)性的新聞環(huán)境，一個(gè)更加集思廣益、百家爭(zhēng)鳴的新聞環(huán)境是值得慶祝的。德克薩斯人曾經(jīng)必須依靠Houston Chronicle來(lái)與外界保持聯(lián)系，但現(xiàn)在卻可以通過無(wú)數(shù)的渠道得到他們想要的消息。專治統(tǒng)治者憂心忡忡。但也有很多人發(fā)問，這會(huì)不會(huì)對(duì)記者這個(gè)職業(yè)產(chǎn)生沖擊呢?同樣引起關(guān)注的還有兩點(diǎn)。
The first worry is the loss of “accountability journalism”, which holds the powerful to account. Shrinking revenues have reduced the amount and quality of investigative and local political reporting in the print press.
首先就是擔(dān)心負(fù)責(zé)任的媒體會(huì)越來(lái)越少，這些媒體會(huì)對(duì)他們報(bào)道的內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。經(jīng)費(fèi)的減少降低了調(diào)查研究和本地政治報(bào)道的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量。
But old-style journalism was never quite as morally upstanding as journalists like to think. Indeed, the News of the World, a British newspaper which has been caught hacking into people’s mobile phones, is a very traditional sort of scandal sheet. Meantime, the internet is spawning new forms of accountability. A growing band of non-profit outfits such as ProPublica, the Sunlight Foundation and WikiLeaks are helping to fill the gap left by the decline of watchdog media. This is still a work in progress, but the degree of activity and experimentation provides cause for optimism.
但傳統(tǒng)傳媒卻并不總是像記者所想像的一樣高尚。世界新聞報(bào)，一份英國(guó)報(bào)紙，被指證竊聽人們的手機(jī)，這是非常普遍的丑聞之一。同時(shí)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在傳播一種新的責(zé)任形式。一些個(gè)還在增加的非盈利組織，像Propublica、Sunlight Foundation以及wikiLeaks，正在幫助減小由于“看門狗”媒體下降帶來(lái)的斷帶。這是一項(xiàng)仍未完成的任務(wù)，但是活動(dòng)和實(shí)驗(yàn)的程度為樂觀主義者提供了信心。
The second concern has to do with partisanship. In the mass-media era local monopolies often had to be relatively impartial to maximise their appeal to readers and advertisers. In a more competitive world the money seems to be in creating an echo chamber for people’s prejudices: thus Fox News, a conservative American cable-news channel, makes more profits than its less strident rivals, CNN and MSNBC, combined.
第二個(gè)值得關(guān)注的就是黨派性。在大眾傳媒時(shí)代，地方寡頭必須保持相對(duì)的公正性以吸引讀者和贊助商。在一個(gè)更具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的世界中，金錢似乎正在為偏見提供肥沃的土壤：就像Fox News，一家美國(guó)保守派有線新聞電視臺(tái)，比沒有它言語(yǔ)犀利的兩家CNN和MSNBC合起來(lái)賺得還要多。
In one way the increasing availability of partisan news is to be welcomed. In the past many people – especially right-wing Americans, since most American television was left-leaning – had nothing to watch that reflected their views. But as news is becoming more opinionated, both politics and the facts are suffering: witness some American conservatives’ insistence that Barack Obama was born outside America, and others’ refusal to accept that taxes must rise.
在某種情況下，大量政黨新聞的涌入是會(huì)被歡迎的。在過去，許多人——特別是右翼人士，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)美國(guó)電視是左傾的——在電視上找不到反應(yīng)他們政治立場(chǎng)的節(jié)目。政治與事實(shí)都在忍受固執(zhí)己見的新聞的打擊：有人堅(jiān)稱奧巴馬是在國(guó)外出生的，也有人拒絕接受稅收必須上調(diào)。
What is to be done? At a societal level, not much. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure. But there are steps individuals can take to mitigate these worries. As producers of new journalism, they can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources. As consumers, they can be catholic in their tastes and demanding in their standards. And although this transformation does raise concerns, there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, vociferous, argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in the age of the internet. The coffee house is back. Enjoy it.
有什么需要做的呢?在社會(huì)層面需要我們做的并不多。新聞產(chǎn)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型勢(shì)不可擋，任何意圖阻止轉(zhuǎn)型的行為都注定失敗。但個(gè)人確實(shí)可以采取有效措施來(lái)減輕前面提到的幾種擔(dān)心。大眾作為新式傳媒的締造者，可以自己對(duì)所謂事實(shí)的真實(shí)性把關(guān)并公開信息來(lái)源。而作為新聞受眾的時(shí)候，大眾可以接觸更多領(lǐng)域的信息并且降低需求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。雖然轉(zhuǎn)型確實(shí)帶來(lái)了一些麻煩，但更值得慶祝的是在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代有這樣一個(gè)集思廣益、百家爭(zhēng)鳴的新聞平臺(tái)?？Х任輹r(shí)代即將回歸。與它共舞吧!
2020下半年翻譯資格考試一級(jí)筆譯考試精選習(xí)題
新疆：各族人民安居樂業(yè)的美好家園
駐巴基斯坦大使姚敬在巴主流媒體發(fā)表署名文章
2019年7月5日
新疆是中國(guó)距離巴基斯坦最近的地方。我們經(jīng)常說(shuō)的“中巴友誼比山高”，指的就是新疆與巴基斯坦之間的喀喇昆侖山脈。作為中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊的起點(diǎn)和“一帶一路”中國(guó)絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶建設(shè)核心區(qū)，新疆正迎來(lái)前所未有的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。
1978年至2018年，中國(guó)新疆實(shí)現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展，人民生活水平不斷提高。新疆地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值由39.07億元人民幣增長(zhǎng)至1.15萬(wàn)億元，人均生產(chǎn)總值由313元增長(zhǎng)至48000元，分別增長(zhǎng)294倍和153倍。旅游業(yè)成為高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的重要引擎，去年來(lái)疆旅游人數(shù)突破1.5億人次、增長(zhǎng)40%以上。
新疆最大的魅力在于多民族和睦共處、多元文化薈萃。新疆現(xiàn)有清真寺、教堂、寺院等宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所2.5萬(wàn)座，其中清真寺2.44萬(wàn)座，平均每530位穆斯林就擁有一座清真寺。今天新疆人口達(dá)2500萬(wàn)，維吾爾、漢、哈薩克、回、柯爾克孜、蒙古、錫伯、塔吉克、東鄉(xiāng)等56個(gè)民族齊全，少數(shù)民族人口占總?cè)丝诘?9.9%。各族人民像石榴籽那樣緊緊抱在一起，像珍視自己的生命一樣珍視民族團(tuán)結(jié)。
新疆經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展之所以取得顯著成就，得益于中國(guó)政府堅(jiān)定堅(jiān)決地嚴(yán)厲打擊恐怖活動(dòng)、切實(shí)維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的政策措施。從20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)，中國(guó)境內(nèi)外恐怖、分裂、極端“三股勢(shì)力”在新疆策劃并組織實(shí)施了數(shù)千起暴力恐怖事件，造成大量無(wú)辜各族群眾傷亡。其中，2009年烏魯木齊“7·5”打砸搶燒嚴(yán)重暴力犯罪事件，造成197人死亡、1700多人受傷。新疆一度處于被恐怖主義吞噬的危險(xiǎn)邊緣。
在借鑒吸收國(guó)際社會(huì)反恐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，中國(guó)政府采取了一系列去極端化措施，包括設(shè)立職業(yè)技能教育培訓(xùn)中心。教培中心以學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)家通用語(yǔ)言文字、法律知識(shí)、職業(yè)技能和開展去極端化工作為主要內(nèi)容，為受到極端思想影響的群眾免費(fèi)提供職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)，幫助其掌握一技之長(zhǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)自力更生。培訓(xùn)期間向?qū)W員發(fā)放勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬，尊重和保護(hù)不同民族、不同信仰學(xué)員的正常風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。學(xué)員結(jié)業(yè)后可獲推薦在當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)就業(yè)。
新疆去極端化工作已取得明顯成效，新疆已近3年未發(fā)生暴力恐怖案件，刑事、治安案件大幅下降，社會(huì)治安狀況明顯好轉(zhuǎn)。極端主義滲透得到有效遏制?，F(xiàn)在新疆不僅美麗，而且很安全。但一段時(shí)間以來(lái)，西方輿論中總是有部分雜音，一些人攻擊教培中心是“監(jiān)獄”、“集中營(yíng)”，“嚴(yán)重侵犯了人權(quán)”。這主要有兩部分人，一部分從未到過新疆，只是道聽途說(shuō)、人云亦云，缺乏對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的了解;還有一部分人是別有用心、顛倒黑白，企圖抹黑中國(guó)形象，企圖將中國(guó)維護(hù)國(guó)際社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的努力同宗教相掛鉤，有意離間中國(guó)和穆斯林國(guó)家關(guān)系。
針對(duì)第一種情況，中國(guó)愿意“請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)”，通過溝通增信釋疑。近期，我們邀請(qǐng)了包括聯(lián)合國(guó)、伊斯蘭合作組織等國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)代表團(tuán)和巴基斯坦、馬來(lái)西亞、土耳其、沙特等一些國(guó)家的官方和媒體人士到新疆實(shí)地參訪，到教培中心同學(xué)員面對(duì)面交流。大家親眼看到了當(dāng)?shù)啬滤沽职簿訕窐I(yè)、充分享有宗教信仰自由等情況，高度贊賞中國(guó)政府奉行的民族宗教自由政策，積極肯定中方預(yù)防性反恐和去極端化努力。針對(duì)第二種情況，中國(guó)知道永遠(yuǎn)也叫不醒裝睡的人，不指望他們能說(shuō)中國(guó)的好話。我們相信事實(shí)勝于雄辯，謊言終究無(wú)法掩蓋真相。
巴基斯坦曾長(zhǎng)期受恐怖主義威脅，但在巴政府、軍隊(duì)和人民的積極努力下，付出巨大犧牲，現(xiàn)在巴已基本消滅這一公害，社會(huì)安全得到有效維護(hù)。多年來(lái)，中巴雙方合作打擊“三股勢(shì)力”，保障中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊建設(shè)安全。我們支持巴基斯坦將國(guó)家反恐行動(dòng)計(jì)劃進(jìn)行到底，愿繼續(xù)共同加強(qiáng)反恐能力建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)反恐國(guó)際合作，為維護(hù)兩國(guó)安全利益和地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮積極作用?？忌绻伦约哄e(cuò)過考試報(bào)名時(shí)間和考試時(shí)間的話，可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒，屆時(shí)會(huì)以短信的方式提醒大家報(bào)名和考試時(shí)間。
Xinjiang: A Sweet and Peaceful Homeland for People of All Ethnics Group
Signed Article by Ambassador Yao Jing on Pakistani Newspapers
5 July 2019
Xinjiang is the nearest place of China to Pakistan. When we say that “Sino-Pakistan friendship is higher than mountains”, it refers to the Karakoram Mountains between Xinjiang and Pakistan. As the starting point for China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the hub area of the “Belt and Road” Initiative, Xinjiang is facing unprecedented opportunities for development.
From 1978 to 2018, Xinjiang has made great improvement in people’s living standards. The GDP of Xinjiang increased from 3.9 billion yuan to 1.15 trillion yuan ($168.6 billion) and the per capita GDP increased from 313 yuan to 48,000 yuan ($7000), an increase of 294 times and 153 times respectively. Tourism has become an important engine for high-quality development. Last year, the number of domestic and international tourists in Xinjiang exceeded 150 million, an increase of more than 40%.
The greatest charm of Xinjiang lies in the multi-ethnic harmony and diversity in cultures. There are 25,000 places for religious activities, including 24,400 mosques. On average, there is one mosque for every 530 Muslims. Xinjiang has a population of 25 million and hosts all 56 ethnic groups in China such as Uygur, Han, Kazakh, Hui, Kirgiz, Mongolia, Tajik, etc. The minority population accounts for 59.9% of the total population. The people of all ethnic groups hold together like pomegranate seeds, cherishing national unity as much as their own lives.
The remarkable economic and social development that Xinjiang has achieved attributed to the policy of the Chinese government in firmly cracking down on terrorism and safeguarding social stability. Since the 1990’s, terrorists, extremists and separatists inside and outside China have planned and organized thousands of violent terrorist attacks in Xinjiang, resulting in a large number of casualties of innocent people of all ethnic groups. Among these attacks are some notorious cases. On 5 July 2009, mobs smashed the city of Urumqi, causing 197 deaths and more than 1,700 injuries. At that time, Xinjiang was on the verge of being swallowed by terrorism.
By combining anti-terrorism experience of the international community with the ground situation, the Chinese government has taken a series of deradicalization measures, including establishing the vocation and education training center. Lessons on official language of China, Chinese laws, vocational training and deradicalization were offered for free, so trainees can master a skill and achieve self-reliance after the training. During the training, customs and habits of different ethnic groups and different religions are respected. After the training is completed, trainees are recommended jobs in local enterprises.
Deradicalization in Xinjiang has been proven effective with remarkable outcomes. For nearly 3 years, no violent terrorist attacks have taken place in Xinjiang. Number of criminal and public security cases also decreased sharply, and the infiltration of extremism has been effectively curbed. Today, Xinjiang is not only as beautiful as it used to be, but also much safer. It becomes a beautiful home for people of all ethnics to live and work in peace. Despite all the development in Xinjiang, in the past few months, there have been some noises by Western media. Some attacked the training center as “prisons” or “concentration camps”, which “seriously violated human rights”. Among those who make voices, some have never been to Xinjiang, their allegation is based on rumours or imagination; some have hidden motives, who intentionally twist the truth to discredit China or provoke conflict between China and Muslim countries by linking the effort of Chinese government in maintaining social stability with “religion repression”.
For those who do not have a chance to know what is happening in Xinjinga, they are welcome to visit Xinjiang truth with their own eyes. Recently, representatives from international organizations including the UN, OIC, and government officials and media groups from Pakistan, Malaysia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and some other countries visited Xinjiang and met face-to-face with the trainees. They witnessed how local Muslims lived and worked in peace and fully enjoy the freedom of religion. They highly appreciated the ethnic and religious policies of China, and firmly supported China’s preventive anti-terrorism and deradicalization efforts. For those who pretend to be asleep, we know that they can never be awakened. We believe that facts speak louder than words, while lies cannot hide the truth.
Pakistan has long been disturbed by terrorism. Under the joint efforts of the Pakistani government, the armed forces and the people, terrorism has been basically eliminated with tremendous sacrifices paid by the society. Social security has been effectively maintained. China and Pakistan have cooperated with each other in combating the “three forces” over the years, and jointly safeguarded the construction of the CPEC. China supports Pakistan in its efforts in carrying out the National Action Plan on Anti-terrorism. China is ready to jointly enhance counter-terrorism capacity, and beef up international cooperation with Pakistan. Working hand in hand, China and Pakistan will play a more positive role in safeguarding the security of the two brotherly countries, as well as the peace and stability in the region.
