托福聽力歷史類話題如何把握

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托福聽力精選解題技巧講解 ,態(tài)度題如何快速判斷?今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃x解題技巧講解，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力精選解題技巧講解態(tài)度題如何快速判斷?

結(jié)合語音語調(diào)進(jìn)行判斷

說到情感態(tài)度，最先要提的就是語音語調(diào)。聽力中升調(diào)分為兩種：直升調(diào)和轉(zhuǎn)升調(diào)。直升調(diào)一般表示疑問;轉(zhuǎn)升調(diào)一般表示擔(dān)心，憂慮，疑惑，極度懷疑。句子以升調(diào)結(jié)尾，一般來講，大多數(shù)情況下表達(dá)如下三種情感：1 確認(rèn)信息 2質(zhì)疑(驚訝)態(tài)度 3 期待得到更多話題相關(guān)信息。一般來講，出現(xiàn)頻率的高低是：信息確認(rèn)最多;其次是期待得到更多話題相關(guān)信息;再次是質(zhì)疑(驚訝)態(tài)度。

參考特定詞匯進(jìn)行判斷

部分詞語，如果配合適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z調(diào)，會對文章結(jié)構(gòu)和走向有指引作用。

Now、OK、So、Well這些詞用在聽力文章中的段首時，往往伴隨著非常強(qiáng)烈明顯的語調(diào)。這種情況在國外真實(shí)上課環(huán)境中也是經(jīng)常能遇到的。教授在深入講解一個話題之后，為了轉(zhuǎn)換到下一話題，老師往往會用NOW這樣的詞去喚醒學(xué)生的注意(或者喚醒已經(jīng)睡著的學(xué)生)。語調(diào)的變化往往意味著話題的轉(zhuǎn)變，也意味著課程內(nèi)容的變化。所以說，這類詞出現(xiàn)的時候，往往是承上啟下，開啟新話題的標(biāo)志。這類詞之后的內(nèi)容一定是至關(guān)重要，與考點(diǎn)直接相關(guān)的。

結(jié)合典型短語進(jìn)行判斷

此外聽力文章中會有很多表示驚訝和詫異態(tài)度的短語，在聽力中一般會針對這些表達(dá)出重聽題。

比較典型的此類表達(dá)有：My god， Jesus。但是事實(shí)上，這類表達(dá)在真題中出現(xiàn)概率并不大，考的也很少，相比而言，類似于wow和Oops這樣的更加隱蔽的情感表達(dá)更容易被設(shè)題，也更容易被學(xué)生所忽略。具體練習(xí)方式，可參看我的“五遍聽力法”。

從反問疑問句讀法進(jìn)行判斷

還有一個小細(xì)節(jié)，也可以反映出說話者明確態(tài)度，值得注意。這個細(xì)節(jié)就是反義疑問句的讀法。

在我們接受的傳統(tǒng)教育中，老師往往會讓學(xué)生以疑問句的方式讀出反義疑問句。換言之，反義疑問句是升調(diào)結(jié)束。但是事實(shí)上，很多時候，老外也會用降調(diào)方式去說反義疑問句。我在留學(xué)期間，經(jīng)常聽見教授上課時用反義疑問區(qū)表達(dá)特別肯定的情感。比如：“油跟水是不相容的，不是嘛?”如果這樣一句英文用降調(diào)讀出來，聽來就特別像是：“油跟水是不相容的，沒錯吧?”托福作為語言能力測試，必然會如實(shí)反映老外說話的習(xí)慣。所以當(dāng)聽力原文中，反義疑問句用降調(diào)說出，老師特別期待學(xué)生給出肯定的回答。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：爬山熊幫助櫻桃樹種子遷徙

Picture a brave fireman carrying a pet from a burning building.

Now, imagine that global warming is the burning building, a cherry tree is the pet, and a bear is the fireman.

You've now got the gist of a new study that finds that cherry trees may be able to survive rising temperatures thanks to mountain-climbing bears that carry the cherry tree seeds to cooler climes.

It's projected that, over the next hundred years, temperatures on Earth could rise an average of nearly five degrees Celsius.

While some animals might be able to migrate north to escape the brunt of the heat, plants can't uproot themselves quite so easily.

But researchers wondered whether the creatures that disperse plant seeds might be able to help.

So scientists spent three years sifting through the droppings of Asiatic bears, looking for cherry tree seeds.

And they found that the bears were indeed transporting the seeds to cooler locations—not by moving to higher latitudes, but higher altitudes.

Seems the bears snack on the fruits that are found at the foot of the mountains in spring and then make the climb to higher elevations to enjoy young leaves and buds and flowers, particularly as the season progresses.

The researchers could tell that seeds had been deposited higher up the mountain than they had been harvested by the ratio of their oxygen isotopes, which changes with altitude.

And the 300 or so meters the seeds ascended should buy the resulting trees a degree or two in heat relief.

The study is in the journal Current Biology.

The finding is good news for plants, like cherry trees, that fruit in spring.

Unfortunately, the results suggest that plants that fruit in fall, when bears are headed back down for hibernation, will have to hold out for a different animal hero.

Or for a bear with a bad sense of direction.

想象一下一位奮不顧身的消防隊(duì)員將一只寵物從熊熊大火建筑物中搶救出來的情景。

現(xiàn)在，想象下全球變暖就是著火的建筑物，櫻桃樹就是那只寵物，而熊就是這位英勇的消防員。

現(xiàn)在你肯定已經(jīng)或多或少了解到這項(xiàng)新的研究，那就是得益于爬山熊將櫻桃樹的種子帶到?jīng)鏊牡貐^(qū)，這種樹木才可以在高溫條件下存活。

預(yù)計(jì)未來的100年中，地表平均溫度將上升5攝氏度。

而很多動物可能會前往北部地區(qū)躲避高溫，但植物卻不能夠輕易搬家。

但研究人員認(rèn)為如果動物能夠傳播植物的種子可能會起到幫助。

因此科學(xué)家們歷時三年仔細(xì)尋找亞洲熊糞便中的櫻桃樹種。

而結(jié)果他們發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)亞洲熊實(shí)際上將種子帶到了更為涼爽的地方—不是前往高緯度地區(qū)，而是到了高海拔地區(qū)。

亞洲熊在春天會以山腳下的水果為食，而隨著季節(jié)的推進(jìn)，它們就會爬到更高處享用那里的嫩葉，花蕾及花朵。

通過研究氧同位素的比例，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著海拔的變化，種子所在地區(qū)的海拔會升高。

種子所在地區(qū)的海拔每增加300米左右，溫度就會降低1-2度。

這項(xiàng)研究已經(jīng)在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表。

這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對櫻桃樹等春天結(jié)果的植物是個利好消息。

但不幸的是，這項(xiàng)研究表明由于亞洲熊們已經(jīng)去冬眠，因此秋天結(jié)果的植物就只能期待另外的救星。

或者是依賴一只方向感不太好的熊。

1.thanks to 由于;因?yàn)?/p>

例句:Thanks to that job I became an avid reader.

多虧了那份工作我才成了一個喜歡閱讀的人。

2.be able to 能夠

例句:If only I could get some sleep, I would be able to cope.

要是能睡上一會兒，我就能應(yīng)付了。

3.look for 尋找

例句:I was just going to look for you and here you are.

我正要找你，恰好你來了。

4.cherry tree 櫻桃樹

例句:Plum was grafted on the cherry tree.

櫻桃樹上嫁接李子。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：狒狒的叫聲遵循蒙采拉特定律

Communication on Twitter is artificially constrained:140 characters per tweet, max.

So it turns out the more words in a tweet, the shorter each word tends to be—at least according to one analysis.

Sort a makes sense on Twitter: there's a limited amount of space to play with.

But the weird thing is, that pattern—longer phrase, shorter words—also holds true in our everyday language too.

It's called Menzerath's law.

"And it's this idea of essentially compression in information."

Morgan Gustison, a psychologist at the University of Michigan.

"So Menzerath's Law, the way you define it is, the larger the whole, the smaller the parts."

Gustison and her colleagues tested out that rule of human language on the calls of geladas—relatives of baboons.

They analyzed more than a thousand of those call sequences—which are strung together from six distinct call types.

And they found that, just as the law would predict in human communication, the longer the gelada sequence, the shorter the constituent calls.

And the shorter the string? The longer the calls.

The study is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Gustison says the meaning of the calls is still a bit of a mystery.

But the fact that they obey the rule could suggest something important is going on.

"The interesting thing about it is it suggests there are universal principles that can underpin complex vocal systems.

And so the more you say, you find a more efficient way of saying it.

So that's what we think is going on with the geladas, is that they have so much to say, so they’re finding these strategies to make what they’re saying more efficient."

Might not be a bad thing to consider…the next time you have a lot of say.

在推特上交流會受到人工限制：每一篇最多是140個字符。

而最近的一項(xiàng)分析表明每篇推文內(nèi)容越豐富，單詞越簡潔。

這似乎很合情理：因?yàn)橥铺刂挥杏邢薜目臻g讓用戶進(jìn)行分享。

狒狒叫聲.jpg

但奇怪的是，這種較長的措辭，簡潔的單詞模式在我們的日常語言中也同樣適用。

這被稱為蒙采拉特定律。

“本質(zhì)上這是一種信息壓縮理念?！?/p>

密歇根大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家摩根·古斯特森說道。

因此蒙采拉特定律就如同其定義的一樣，一種語言結(jié)構(gòu)越長，則構(gòu)成它的成分越短。

古斯特森和她的同事在人類的親戚狒狒身上檢測人類語言的這種規(guī)則。

研究人員對狒狒的上千種叫聲序列進(jìn)行了分析，而這些叫聲由6種不同的聲音類型串在一起。