翻譯資格考試需注意四大翻譯原則你知道是什么嗎?今天小編給大家?guī)砹朔g資格考試需注意四大翻譯原則，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
翻譯資格考試需注意四大翻譯原則
考生在翻譯動賓短語的時候，應先考慮賓語的成分。賓語可能為名詞、名詞詞組和句子。不同成分的賓語決定了謂語的使用。比如在以下例子中“希望”的選擇面很大，既可以用hope連接句子，也可以用hope for，look forward to等連接名詞詞組，那么考生就得考慮賓語更容易翻譯成詞組或句子。因此，動賓連接原則的核心思想是“先賓語，后謂語”，翻譯會豁然開朗。
中國人民始終希望天下太平，希望各國人民友好相處。
The Chinese people are always looking forward to global peace and friendship among all nations.
The Chinese people are always hoping that the world is at peace and people of all nations will coexist friendlily.
一、時態(tài)原則
時態(tài)在翻譯中比不像想象中那么簡單，往往是考試中的一個難點。時態(tài)有時可以體現(xiàn)一種感情因素，特別是進行時的使用，比如在第一個例子中現(xiàn)在進行時的使用體現(xiàn)出對中華民族的一種褒揚、贊美的口吻，翻譯出了這句話的“精、氣、神”，最后一個例子中過去進行時時常表示一種“特有的行為”，通常是偏向于negative的口吻，所以我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話十有八九是美國人自己寫的。
中華民族歷來愛好自由和和平。
The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace.
The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace.
The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace.
中國過去是、現(xiàn)在是、將來是……
China was and remains to be …
中國人民更深感自由與和平的珍貴。
The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.
屆時，……
At that time, ……
到2007年，上海市人均國內生產(chǎn)總值預計達到7500美元。
By 2007, the per capita GDP in Shanghai is expected to reach US$7500.
從而我們可能要生活在一個根本無法掌控的經(jīng)濟體制中。
As a result we were going to be living in a fundamentally unmanaged economic system.
畢竟中國、古巴等一些在......委員會中受到以美國為首批評的國家，總是投票或游說反對美國政府。
After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S. –led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington.
二、主語確定原則
由于英語是主語顯著語(subject-prominent language)，構建在主謂軸(subject-predicate pivot)上，主語決定了句法結構;漢語為語義性語言，其中主語的重要性相對較低，無主語的現(xiàn)象比比皆是。因此在漢英轉化中最重要的就是確定主語，主語選擇成功了，句子越翻越順;選擇失敗，考生越翻越累。主語的確定歸根結底有三種方法：使用原主語;重新確定主語;增補主語。
這一目標的實現(xiàn)，最直接的應該是老百姓住得更寬敞了，更舒服了。
The citizens will live more spaciously and comfortably, benefiting most directly from achieving the goal.
然而，持自由論觀點的民眾和少數(shù)民族反對一切美國公民必須隨身攜帶身份證的規(guī)定，他們結成聯(lián)盟，了立法的最初幾次草案中關于實施全國統(tǒng)一身份證的主張。
The idea of a national ID, however, was locked out of earlier drafts of legislation by a coalition of civil rights and ethnic groups, who opposed a requirement that all non-citizens carry identifying documents.
其實，撇開數(shù)學，繞過那一大堆公式，一門學科的基本思想還是可以被我們理解和欣賞的。
To be frank, if we leave aside mathematics and bypass the abundant formulas, the basic principles of the discipline (of science) are understandable and appreciable.
無論是外人入境，或是文化入侵，政府都已無能為力。
They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally.
從地雷禁用條款到京都防止氣候變暖條約等一些列問題，美國政府總是對國際輿論置若罔聞，使得這些(倒戈)國家越來越失望/懊惱。
They have been increasingly chagrined by Washington’s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ranging from the use of land mines to the Kyoto climate change treaty.
三、謂語最小化原則
在漢譯英中，動詞的考察是必然的。其中動詞和其他成分的轉換也是重中之重。如果考生把所有的動詞都翻譯成動詞的話，只能說明其還屬于“入門”境界。因此在第一個例子中共出現(xiàn)7個動詞，而在譯文中只保留了4個動詞。所以我們在翻譯中一定要注意動詞和其他詞性的轉換，常見減少謂語的方法有：
a) 把動詞變成名詞
b) 使用介詞短語
c) 使用分詞短語
d) 多使用to表示目的的狀語
e) 把并列謂語中最后一個謂語處理成“，which”的非限制性定語從句
雖然以上這些方法從本質上講都是些小打小鬧的“噱頭”，但是不重視謂語的省略一定不會取得理想的成績。
今年的亞太經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易合作組織會議將主要側重兩個方面：一是加強亞太經(jīng)合組織成員之間的合作，共同應對可能出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟衰退，重樹信心;二是繼續(xù)推進亞太經(jīng)合組織貿(mào)易投資自由化進程，推動世界貿(mào)易組織盡早開始新一輪談判。
The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuilt-up confidence; the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO.
顯然，許多美國的傳統(tǒng)支持國家沒有投票支持美國，以此對美國奉行單邊主義表示不滿。
Many traditional U.S. supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S. unilateralism.
四、動賓換序原則
在英譯漢中，遇上特別長的賓語，初學者總是根據(jù)語法習慣亦步亦趨地處理主、謂、賓，結果造成龐大的賓語，頭輕腳重，特別不符合漢語的習慣，漢語之所以不喜歡賓語從句，在于漢語喜用主謂短句，對于較長的賓語，一般有兩種處理方式：一是把謂語變成直接能夠接賓語的表達形式，如react to不必翻譯成“對…作出反應”，可變成“面對…”，這種方法在口譯中常常出現(xiàn)，因為口譯往往無暇考慮句式的大變動;二是把賓語先譯出，然后再譯出主謂，如第一個例子，或使用謂語的相反含義，再接上原主語，如第二個例子，sustain表示“決定了”，那反義短語就是“取決于”。
The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.
在新千年，經(jīng)濟重心將向亞洲轉移，中國將迅速崛起，世界其他地區(qū)將不得不對此做出反應。
The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.
研究生是否存在，大學是否存在資金償還能力，這些都取決于項目預算。
2020年翻譯資格考試筆譯三級強化題
福建福信一珍生物工程有限公司是由福建省洪山企業(yè)集團公司與香港福信投資有限公司合資興辦的高科技企業(yè)，注冊資本兩千萬元人民幣。
With a registered capital of 20 million RMB, Fujian Good First Yizhen Biological Co. Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise jointly run by Fujian Hongshan Group and Hong Kong Good First Investment Corp. Ltd.
公司生產(chǎn)基地位于國家級科技園區(qū)——福州科技園區(qū)洪山園內。公司擁有雄厚的技術力量，大、中專畢業(yè)以上的技術、管理人才占員工總數(shù)的百分之三十以上，并與國內多家科研機構建立了緊密型的合作關系。于若木、沈治平、盧圣棟等中國著名的營養(yǎng)學、生物學、醫(yī)學專家受聘擔任公司的高級顧問。
The production base of the company is located in Hongshan High-Tech Park of Fuzhou, one of the national-grade high-tech development parks. Boasting tremendous technological strength, the company owns a well-qualified management and staff. It has also established close cooperative relationships with several research organizations at home. Some renowned specialists in nutriology, biology and medicine such as Yu Ruomu, Sheng Zhiping and Lu Shengdong have been invited by the corporation as senior advisors.
公司環(huán)境優(yōu)美，設備先進，擁有中國第一條年產(chǎn)三十噸核酸花粉合劑的現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)線。第二、第三條生產(chǎn)線亦將陸續(xù)建成。公司運用高新技術提取植物精華，制成“中華一珍”核酸花粉合劑，解決了人類長期普遍缺乏核酸的醫(yī)學、營養(yǎng)學難題，在中國近五千種營養(yǎng)保健品中獨樹一幟，后來居上。
Cradled in a lovely landscape, the company is equipped with advanced facilities, among which is China's first modern production line capable of producing annually 30 tons of nucleic acid pollen mixture. And there will soon be the second and the third production lines. With the essence extracted from plants by employing high and new technologies, the company has succeeded in developing“China Yizhen”(China' s Unique Treasure)nucleic acid pollen mixture, which helps to solve the long- standing difficult problem for doctors and dietitians of human body' s lack of nucleic acid. This has made “China Yizhen” uniquely felt among nearly five thousand nutriments and tonics in China.
公司以“唯公有福，唯誠有信”的福信企業(yè)精神和“團結、拼搏、務實、創(chuàng)新、奉獻”的洪山集團企業(yè)精神為動力，銳意進取，蒸蒸日上。
“Good business comes from a keen awareness of public welfare, and the first thing to earn credit is sincerity.”This has been the business idea of Good First. Adhering to this as well as to the spirit of “unity, striving, hard work, innovation and commitment”advocated by Hongshan Group, Fujian Good First Yizhen Biological Co. Ltd. is now forging ahead towards a better tomorrow.
這是一份公司簡介，其中除介紹公司的情況外，對其產(chǎn)品也作了簡略的宣傳。為達到讓譯文讀者對該公司及其所生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品留下深刻印象，促其購買產(chǎn)品的目的，用詞要富有鼓動性，一些關鍵之處要處理好。
如在中文語境中，“大、中專畢業(yè)以上的技術、管理人才占員工總數(shù)的百分之三十以上”也許可以算得上是“公司擁有雄厚的技術力量”的證明，但在英語語境中就會顯得牽強可笑，若直譯作：Boasting tremendous technological strength, the company owns a technical and managerial staff with either specialized secondary education or higher education which accounts for 30% of the total number of its employees …這樣的表述將完全不利于譯文預期功能的實現(xiàn)。因此這里須作必要的刪減，去掉一些細節(jié)，概括性地譯為“Boasting tremendous technological strength, the company owns a well- qualified management and staff”(公司技術力量雄厚，擁有高水平的管理層和員工)。
另外，公司名稱中“福信”(Good First)兩字與其企業(yè)精神有關，在翻譯“唯公有福，唯誠有信”時要自然地將其融入其中;從語言特點來看，標語口號式的文字在漢語中常常是動詞性結構，如原文中的“團結、拼搏、務實、創(chuàng)新、奉獻”，但英語中則習慣用名詞性結構。
2020年翻譯資格考試筆譯三級強化題
觀人類發(fā)展歷史，創(chuàng)新始終是一個國家、一個民族發(fā)展的重要力量，也始終是推動人類社會進步的重要力量。不創(chuàng)新不行，創(chuàng)新慢了也不行。如果我們不識變、不應變、不求變，就可能陷入戰(zhàn)略被動，錯失發(fā)展機遇，甚至錯過整整一個時代。
The history of human development proves that innovation has always been important for promoting the development of a country and its people as well as human society. One will fall behind without innovation, and just as much if one is too slow in innovation. We will face strategic passiveness and miss opportunities for development – or miss an entire era – if we fail to seek, recognize and respond to change.
實施創(chuàng)新驅動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，是應對發(fā)展環(huán)境變化、把握發(fā)展自主權、提高核心競爭力的必然選擇，是加快轉變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式、po解經(jīng)濟發(fā)展深層次矛盾和問題的必然選擇，是更好引領我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展新常態(tài)、保持我國經(jīng)濟持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的必然選擇。
Seeking innovation-driven development is a natural choice if we are to adapt to changing developmental conditions, hold the decision-making power for our own development, and improve our core competitiveness; if we are to speed up the transformation of our growth model and solve deep-rooted conflicts and problems; if we are to better steer the new normal in economic development and sustain sound growth.
科技是國之利器，國家賴之以強，企業(yè)賴之以贏，人民生活賴之以好。中國要強，中國人民生活要好，必須有強大科技。
Science and technology are the bedrock upon which a country relies for its strength, enterprises for success, and people for a better life. Great scientific and technological capacity is a must if we are to make China strong and improve our lives.
新時期、新形勢、新任務，要求我們在科技創(chuàng)新方面有新理念、新設計、新戰(zhàn)略。我們要深入貫徹新發(fā)展理念，深入實施科教興國戰(zhàn)略和人才強國戰(zhàn)略，深入實施創(chuàng)新驅動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，統(tǒng)籌謀劃，加強組織，優(yōu)化我國科技事業(yè)發(fā)展總體布局。
New missions and tasks of the new era require us to develop new concepts, designs and strategies regarding technological innovation. We should implement new development concepts, and invigorate our country through science and technology and fostering people of high caliber. We should further implement the innovation-driven development strategy, and promote the development of science and technology through overall planning and coordination.
2020年翻譯資格考試筆譯三級強化題
版畫 engraving
貝雕畫 shell carving picture
彩塑 painted sculpture
瓷器 porcelain; china
刺繡 embroidery
雕刻 carving
宮燈 palace lantern
國畫 Chinese painting
剪紙 paper-cut
景德鎮(zhèn)瓷 Jingdezhen porcelain
景泰藍 cloisonné enamel
蠟染 batik
賣秸畫 straw patchwork
木/石/竹刻 wood/stone/bamboo carving
木刻畫 wood engraving
泥人兒 clay figure
皮影 shadow puppet
漆畫 lacquer painting
漆器 lacquer ware
雙面繡 two-sided embroidery
水墨畫 Chinese brush drawing ; ink and wash painting
檀香扇 sandalwood fan
唐三彩 Tang tri-colored pottery
陶器 pottery ; earthenware
圖章 seal
拓碑 making rubbings from inscriptions , pictures , etc . on stone tablets
拓片 rubbing
微雕 miniature engraving
象牙雕刻 ivory carving
宜興陶 Yixing pottery
篆刻 seal cutting
戲劇表演 Theatrical Performances
京劇人物臉譜 types of facial makeup in Beijing opera
生 male characters
末 middle-aged male characters
凈 “painted face” characters
旦 female characters
丑 clown
京劇票友 amateur performer of Peking Opera
木偶戲 puppet show
獨角戲 monodrama; one-man play
皮影戲 shadow play; leather-silhouette show
折子戲 opera highlights
戲劇小品 skit
啞劇 dumb show; mime; mummery; pantomime
單口相聲 monologue comic talk
雙口相聲 witty dialogue
口技 vocal imitations; ventriloquism
說書 monologue story-telling
雜技 acrobatic performance
疊羅漢 making a human pyramid
特技 stunt
睬高蹺 stilt walk
馬戲 circus performances
神話人物 Mythological Figures
八仙 the Eight Immortals
嫦娥 Chang’s ( the Chinese moon goddess)
伏羲 Fu Xi (God of Fishery and Husbandry)
福祿壽三星 the three gods of fortune , prosperity and longevity
共工 God of Water
后羿 Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns )
黃帝 Yellow Emperor
夸父 Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant )
女 Goddess of Sky-patching
盤古 Pan Gu (creator of the universe )
神農(nóng) Patron of Agriculture
禹 Yu ( the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty )
祝融 God of Fire
2020年翻譯資格考試筆譯三級強化題
誠實守信 honesty
集體主義 collectivism
為人民服務 serving the people
全民健身運動 nationwide fitness campaign
愛國主義精神 patriotism
重要文化遺產(chǎn) major cultural heritage
優(yōu)秀民間藝術 outstanding folk arts
自立于世界民族之林 stand proudly in the family of nations
深入群眾，深入生活 go deep among the masses and into the thick of life 奉獻無愧于時代的作品 contribute to the people works worthy of the times 公民道德建設實施綱要 The Program for Improving Civic Morality
老少邊窮地區(qū)和中西部地區(qū)的文化發(fā)展
the cultural development in the old revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, remote areas, impoverished areas and the central and western regions of the country
社會公德，職業(yè)道德和家庭美德教育
education in social and professional ethics and family virtues
體現(xiàn)民族特色和國家水準的重大文化項目和藝術院團
the major cultural projects and art schools and troupes that are up to national standards and embody national characteristics
弘揚主旋律，提倡多樣化
highlight the central theme of the times while encouraging diversity
奉獻無愧于時代的作品
contribute to the people works worthy of the times
中華文明博大精深，源遠流長
The Chinese civilization is extensive and profound, and has a long history
增強中國特色社會主義文化的吸引力和感召力
enhance the attraction and appeal of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics
堅持發(fā)展先進文化，支持健康有益文化，努力改造落后文化，堅決抵制腐朽文化
develop advanced culture and support healthy and useful culture, change what is backward and resist what is decadent
發(fā)揚民族文化的優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)，汲取世界各民族的長處
carry forward the fine tradition of our national culture, draw on the strong points of other nations
發(fā)展面向現(xiàn)代化、面向世界、面向未來的、民族的、科學的、大眾的社會主義文化
develop national, scient ific and popular socialist culture geared to the needs of modernization, of the world and of the future
堅持為人民服務、為社會主義服務的方向和百花齊放、百家爭鳴的方針
keep to the orientation of serving the people and socialism and the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend
民族精神是一個民族賴以生存和發(fā)展的精神支撐
National spirit is the ideological prop on which a nation relies for survival and development
以科學的理論武裝人，以正確的輿論引導人，以高尚的精神塑造人，以優(yōu)秀的作品鼓舞人
arm people with scientific theory, provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with lofty ideals, and inspire them with excellent works of literature and art
以愛國主義為核心的團結統(tǒng)一、愛好和平、勤勞勇敢、自強不息的偉大民族精神
a great national spirit centering on patriotism and featuring unity and solidarity, love of peace, diligence, courage and ceaseless self-improvement
